Confronting complexity: The interlink of phototransduction and retinoid metabolism in the vertebrate retina

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research

Volumn 20, Issue 4, 2001, Pages 469-529

  McBee, Joshua K ^a,b   Palczewski, Krzysztof ^a,b   Baehr, Wolfgang ^c   Pepperberg, David R ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF UTAH SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

11 CIS RETINAL; 11 CIS RETINYLIDENE; ABC TRANSPORTER; ACYL COENZYME A; CAROTENOID; CELLULAR RETINALDEHYDE BINDING PROTEIN; CELLULAR RETINOL BINDING PROTEIN; ENZYME; EYE PROTEIN; HYDROLASE; INTERPHOTORECEPTOR RETINOID BINDING PROTEIN; ISOMERASE; ISOMEROHYDROLASE; LECITHIN RETINOL ACYLTRANSFERASE; LIPOFUSCIN; OPSIN; OXYGENASE; PROTEIN RIM; RETINAL; RETINOID; RETINOID BINDING PROTEIN; RETINOID DERIVATIVE; RETINOL; RETINOL ACYLTRANSFERASE; RETINOL BINDING PROTEIN; RETINOL DEHYDROGENASE; RHODOPSIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VISUAL PIGMENT;

BLEACHING; CHEMICAL REACTION; CHROMATOPHORE; DARK ADAPTATION; ENZYME MECHANISM; ENZYME SPECIFICITY; HUMAN; HUMAN GENETICS; IN VIVO STUDY; ISOMERISM; LIGHT ABSORPTION; NONHUMAN; PHOTOREACTIVITY; PHOTORECEPTOR; PHOTOTRANSDUCTION; PIGMENT EPITHELIUM; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REGENERATION; RETINA; REVIEW; STEREOCHEMISTRY; THERMODYNAMICS; TRANS ISOMER; VERTEBRATE; VISION;

ANIMALS; DARK ADAPTATION; HUMANS; LIGHT; PHOTOTRANSDUCTION; RETINA; RETINOIDS; RHODOPSIN;

EID: 0034982559     PISSN: 13509462     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1350-9462(01)00002-7     Document Type: Review

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296. Retinol and alcohol dehydrogenases in retina and liver
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301. Co-expression of Gβ5 enhances the function of two Gγ subunit-like domain-containing regulators of G protein signaling proteins
302. Characterisation of an improved two-dimensional p22121 crystal from bovine rhodopsin
303. The enzymatic esterification of vitamin A
304. Antioxidant functions of carotenoids
305. Carotenoids and cancer in animal models
306. Plant carotenoids and related molecules: Important dietary antioxidants
307. The antioxidant and biological properties of the carotenoids
308. 11 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and the short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase (SCAD) superfamily
309. The short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase superfamily: Variations on a common theme
310. Light-dependent phosphorylation of rhodopsin in living frogs
311. Phosphorylation of rhodopsin in bovine photoreceptor membranes. A dark reaction after illumination
312. Phosphorylation of rhodopsin as a possible mechanism of adaptation
313. Deactivation of photoactivated rhodopsin by rhodopsin-kinase and arrestin
314. Signal flow in visual transduction
315. Interphotoreceptor retinol-binding proteins: Possible transport vehicles between compartments of the retina
316. A model for the recovery kinetics of rod phototransduction, based on the enzymatic deactivation of rhodopsin
317. Enzymatic conversion of all-trans-β-carotene to retinal
318. The involvement of rod photoreceptors in dark adaptation
319. G-protein cascades: Gain and kinetics
320. Stereochemical inversion at C-15 accompanies the enzymatic isomerization of all-trans- to 11-cis-retinoids
321. The molecular basis of retinoic acid induced night blindness
322. Background and bleaching equivalence in steady-state adaptation of vertebrate rods
323. Effect of hydroxylamine on photon-like events during dark adaptation in toad rod photoreceptors
324. Dark adaptation of toad rod photoreceptors following small bleaches
325. Molecular basis of dark adaptation in rod photoreceptors
326. Morphological, physiological, and biochemical changes in rhodopsin knockout mice
327. The gain of rod phototransduction: Reconciliation of biochemical and electrophysiological measurements
328. Light-dependent hydration of the space surrounding photoreceptors in chick retina
329. Constitutive activation of phototransduction by K296E opsin is not a cause of photoreceptor degeneration
330. Effect of vitamin A supplementation on rhodopsin mutants threonine-17→methionine and proline 347→serine in transgenic mice and cell cultures
331. Transgenic mice carrying the dominant rhodopsin mutation P347S: Evidence for defective vectorial transport of rhodopsin to the outer segments
332. Delivery of 9-cis retinal to photoreceptors from bovine serum albumin
333. The molecular mechanism of visual excitation and its relation to the structure and composition of the rod outer segment
334. ATP mediates rapid reversal of cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase activation in visual receptor membranes
335. Gain, speed and sensitivity of GTP binding vs PDE activation in visual excitation
336. What makes red visual pigments red? A resonance Raman microprobe study of retinal chromophore structure in iodopsin
337. Mechanisms of spectral tuning in blue cone visual pigments. Visible and Raman spectroscopy of blue-shifted rhodopsin mutants
338. Colour tuning mechanisms of visual pigments
339. Retinoids bound to interstitial retinol-binding protein during light and dark-adaptation
340. Biochemical and biophysical properties of recombinant human interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein
341. Biochemical aspects of the visual process. XXVII. Stereospecificity of ocular retinol dehydrogenase and the visual cycle
342. Early onset photoreceptor abnormalities induced by targeted disruption of the interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein gene
343. Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein: Biochemistry and molecular biology
344. Human interstitial retinoid-binding protein. Gene structure and primary structure
345. Visual sensitivity and interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein in the mouse: Regulation by vitamin A
346. The biosynthesis of A2E, a fluorophore of aging retina, involves the formation of the precursor, A2-PE, in the photoreceptor outer segment membrane
347. Binding of 11-cis retinaldehyde to the partially purified cellular retinaldehyde binding protein from bovine retinal pigment epithelium
348. Early-onset severe rod-cone dystrophy in young children with RPE65 mutations
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350. Mutation analysis of 3 genes in patients with Leber congenital amaurosis
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353. Identification of RPE65 in transformed kidney cells
354. Evidence for a lecithin-retinol acyltransferase activity in the rat small intestine
355. A lecithin: Retinol acyltransferase activity in human and rat liver
356. Individual variation in size of the human red and green visual pigment gene array
357. The GTPase activating factor for transducin in rod photoreceptors is the complex between RGS9 and type 5 G protein β subunit
358. Rat messenger RNA for the retinal pigment epithelium-specific protein RPE65 gradually accumulates in two weeks from late embryonic days
359. Effect of hydroxylamine on the subcellular distribution of arrestin (S-antigen) in rod photoreceptors
360. Immunolocalization of 48 K in rod photoreceptors. Light and ATP increase OS labeling
361. Light-dependent binding of G-protein to outer segment membranes of toad photoreceptors
362. Mutations in RPE65 cause Leber congenital amaurosis
363. Autosomal recessive retinal dystrophy associated with two novel mutations in the RPE65 gene
364. Bestrophin, the product of the Best vitelliform macular dystrophy gene (VMD2), localizes to the basolateral plasma membrane of the retinal pigment epithelium
365. Mutations in a novel gene, VMD2, encoding a protein of unknown properties cause juvenile-onset vitelliform macular dystrophy (Best's disease)
366. Substrate specificity of retinyl ester hydrolase activity in retinal pigment epithelium
367. Comparison of retinyl ester hydrolase activities in bovine liver and retinal pigment epithelium
368. Distribution of 11-cis LRAT, 11-cis RD and 11-cis REH in bovine retinal pigment epithelium membranes
369. Hydrolysis of 11-cis- and all-trans-retinyl palmitate by retinal pigment epithelium microsomes
370. Colocalization of 11-cis retinyl esters and retinyl ester hydrolase activity in retinal pigment epithelium plasma membrane
371. Biosynthesis of a major lipofuscin fluorophore in mice and humans with ABCR-mediated retinal and macular degeneration
372. Preparation of chicken iodopsin
373. Persistent activation of transducin by bleached rhodopsin in salamander rods
374. 2+ concentration in the salamander rod outer segment
375. Tautomeric forms of metarhodopsin
376. Mutation of the gene encoding cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein in autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa
377. Isomerization of all-trans-retinol to cis-retinols in bovine retinal pigment epithelial cells: Dependence on the specificity of retinoid-binding proteins
378. Phosphorylation sites in bovine rhodopsin
379. A comparison of the efficiency of G protein activation by ligand-free and light-activated forms of rhodopsin
380. Functional study of rhodopsin phosphorylation in vivo
381. Absorption spectra of human cone pigments
382. Absorption spectra of the hybrid pigments responsible for anomalous color vision
383. Role of hydroxyl-bearing amino acids in differentially tuning the absorption spectra of the human red and green cone pigments
384. Identification and characterization of a stereospecific human enzyme that catalysis 9-cis-retinol oxidation. A possible role in 9-cis-retinoic acid formation
385. Modeling rhodopsin, a member of G-protein coupled receptors, by computer graphics
386. Layer-by-layer analysis of macular diseases with objectively measured visual functions
387. Identification and characterization of multiple forms of rhodopsin and minor proteins in frog and bovine outer segment disc membranes. Electrophoresis, lactin labeling, and proteolysis studies
388. ABCR expression in foveal cone photoreceptors and its role in Stargardt macular dystrophy
389. The transthyretin-retinol-binding protein complex
390. Lecithin retinol acyltransferase contains cysteine residues essential for catalysis
391. Recessive mutations in the RLBP1 gene encoding cellular retinal-dehyde-binding protein in a form of retinitis punctata albescens
392. Mutations in the RPE65 gene in patients with autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa or Leber congenital amaurosis
393. Mutations in RGR, encoding a light-sensitive opsin homologue, in patients with retinitis pigmentosa
394. Depalmitylation with hydroxylamine alters the functional properties of rhodopsin
395. Light adaptation in retinal rods of the rabbit and two other nonprimate mammals
396. Biosynthesis and metabolism of retinoic acid: Roles of CRBP and CRABP in retinoic acid: Roles of CRBP and CRABP in retinoic acid homeostasis
397. Interactions of retinoid binding proteins and enzymes in retinoid metabolism
398. A gene knockout corroborates the integral function of cellular retinol-binding protein in retinoid metabolism
399. Enzymes and binding proteins affecting retinoic acid concentrations
400. Vitamin A metabolism: α-tocopherol modulates tissue retinol levels in vivo, and retinyl palmitate hydrolysis in vitro
401. Microsomal retinal synthesis: Retinol vs. holo-CRBP as substrate and evaluation of NADP, NAD and NADPH as cofactors
402. Mapping of the rod photoreceptor ABC transporter (ABCR) to 1p21-p22.1 and identification of novel mutations in Stargardt's disease
403. Molecular biology of visual pigments
404. The genes for color vision
405. Rhodopsin: Structure, function, and genetics
406. In the eye of the beholder: Visual pigments and inherited variation in human vision
407. The evolution and physiology of human colour vision: Insights from molecular genetic studies of visual pigments
408. Molecular genetics of human blue cone monochromacy
409. Isolation, sequence analysis, and intron-exon arrangement of the gene encoding bovine rhodopsin
410. Isolation and nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding human rhodopsin
411. Genetic heterogeneity among blue-cone monochromats
412. Molecular genetics of human visual pigments
413. Molecular genetics of inherited variation in human color vision
414. Molecular genetics of human color vision: The genes encoding blue, green, and red pigments
415. Trichromatic color vision with only two spectrally distinct photopigments
416. Visual pigment gene structure and the severity of color vision defects
417. Numbers and ratios of visual pigment genes for normal red-green color vision
418. Molecular genetics of color vision and color vision defects
419. Spectral tuning of pigments underlying red-green color vision
420. Modeling of halorhodopsin and rhodopsin based on bacteriorhodopsin
421. Plasma retinol binding protein: Structure and function of the prototypic lipocalin
422. Structure-function relationships in the four repeats of human interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP)
423. Molecular characterization of the human gene encoding an abundant 61 kDa protein specific to the retinal pigment epithelium
424. Retinol dehydrogenase from bovine retinal rod outer segments. Kinetic mechanism of the solubilized enzyme
425. Retinoid-binding proteins: Mediators of retinoid action
426. 3H]palmitic acid
427. Control of rhodopsin multiple phosphorylation
428. Sequential phosphorylation of rhodopsin at multiple sites
429. Structural and enzymatic aspects of rhodopsin phosphorylation
430. Rhodopsin phosphorylation and dephosphorylation in vivo
431. Retinol kinetics in the isolated retina determined by retinoid extraction and HPLC
432. Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein: Role in delivery of retinol to the pigment epithelium
433. Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein promotes rhodopsin regeneration in toad photoreceptors
434. Retinoid processing in retinal pigment epithelium of toad (Bufo marinus)
435. Purification of cone visual pigments from chicken retina
436. Photosensitivities of iodopsin and rhodopsins
437. Primary structures of chicken cone visual pigments: Vertebrate rhodopsins have evolved out of cone visual pigments
438. Carotenoid conversions
439. A novel retinol-binding protein from rat. Purification and partial characterization
440. Synthesis and secretion of retinol-binding protein and transthyretin by cultured retinal pigment epithelium
441. Esterification of retinol in rat liver. Possible participation by cellular retinol-binding protein and cellular retinol-binding protein II
442. Design, chemical synthesis, and expression of genes for the three human color visual pigments
443. Phosphorylation of photolyzed rhodopsin is calcium-insensitive in retina permeabilized by α-toxin
444. Use of α-toxin-permeabilized photoreceptors in in vitro phototransduction studies
445. Two adjacent cysteine residues in the C-terminal cytoplasmic fragment of bovine rhodopsin are palmitylated
446. Structure and functions of arrestins
447. Rod outer segment retinol dehydrogenase: Substrate specificity and role in phototransduction
448. Crystal structure of rhodopsin: A G protein-coupled receptor
449. Regulation of rhodopsin dephosphorylation by arrestin
450. 2+-binding proteins in the retina: Structure, function, and the etiology of human visual diseases
451. The influence of arrestin (48 K protein) and rhodopsin kinase on visual transduction
452. Kinetics of visual pigment regeneration in excised mouse eyes and in mice with a targeted disruption of the gene encoding interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein or arrestin
453. Molecular mechanism of visual transduction
454. Cytoplasmic retinal localization of an evolutionary homolog of the visual pigments
455. Mass spectrometric identification of phosphorylation sites in bleached bovine rhodopsin
456. Palmitylation of a G-protein coupled receptor. Direct analysis by tandem mass spectrometry
457. Preparation of antibodies to rhodopsin and the large protein of rod outer segments
458. Biosynthetic and immunochemical characterization of large protein in frog and cattle rod outer segment membranes
459. Immunocytochemical localization of a large intrinsic membrane protein to the incisures and margins of frog rod outer segment disks
460. Isolation and one-step preparation of A2E and iso-A2E, fluorophores from human retinal pigment epithelium
461. Growth factor-induced retinal regeneration in vivo
462. Signal transmission along retinal rods and the origin of the electroretinographic a-wave
463. Rhodopsin and visual adaptation: Analysis of photoreceptor thresholds in the isolated skate retina
464. Does rod phototransduction involve the delayed transition of activated rhodopsin to a second, more active catalytic state?
465. Recovery kinetics of human rod phototransduction inferred from the two-branched a-wave saturation function
466. Photoresponses of human rods in vivo derived from paired-flash electroretinograms
467. Visual pigment and photoreceptor sensitivity in the isolated skate retina
468. Depalmitoylation of rhodopsin with hydroxylamine
469. Hydroxylamine-dependent inhibition of rhodopsin phosphorylation in the isolated retina
470. Functional properties of interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein
471. Kinetics of bleaching and regeneration of rhodopsin in abnormal (RCS) and normal albino rats in vivo
472. Different functional outcome of RetGC1 and RPE65 gene mutations in Leber congenital amaurosis
473. Taurine as a universal carrier of lipid soluble vitamins: A hypothesis
474. Identification of the gene responsible for Best macular dystrophy
475. Retinal S antigen identified as the 48 K protein regulating light-dependent phosphodiesterase in rods
476. Identification of the so-called 48 K protein that interacts with illuminated rhodopsin in retinal rods, and the retinal S antigen, inductor of experintal autoimmune uveoretinitis
477. Interaction between photoexcited rhodopsin and peripheral enzymes in frog retinal rods. Influence of the postmetarhodopsin II decay and phosphorylation rate of rhodopsin
478. A brief review of retinitis pigmentosa and the identified retinitis pigmentosa genes
479. A homozygous deletion in RPE65 in a small sardinian family with autosomal recessive retinal dystrophy
480. The transmembrane 7-α-bundle of rhodopsin: Distance geometry calculations with hydrogen bonding constraints
481. 2+! The physiology and pathology of Ca(2+)-binding proteins in the retina
482. Clinical expression of Best's vitelliform macular dystrophy in Swedish families with mutations in the bestrophin gene
483. Detection of interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein (IRBP) mRNA in human and cone-dominant squirrel retinas by in situ hybridization
484. Melanopsin: An opsin in melanophores, brain, and eye
485. Vitamin A2-based visual pigments in fully terrestrial vertebrates
486. Photoreceptor guanylate cyclases: A review
487. Molecular mechanisms of vertebrate photoreceptor light adaptation
488. Retinoid kinetics in eye tissues of VPP transgenic mice and their normal littermates
489. Effect of interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) on the release and protection of all-trans retinol
490. Impaired retinal function and vitamin A availability in mice lacking retinol-binding protein
491. Membrane phospholipids as an energy source in the operation of the visual cycle
492. Molecular mechanisms in visual pigment regeneration
493. Polyenes and vision
494. Rhodopsin mutation G90D and a molecular mechanism for congenital night blindness
495. Activating mutations of rhodopsin and other G protein-coupled receptors
496. Lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations in rod outer segment membranes from perifoveal and peripheral human retina
497. Identification and characterization of all-trans-retinol dehydrogenase from photoreceptor outer segments, the visual cycle enzyme that reduces all-trans-retinal to all-trans-retinol
498. Molecular genetics of human retinal disease
499. Development of the light response in neonatal mammalian rods
500. 2+-dependent, diffusible factor modulates the cGMP-gated ion channels differently than in rods
501. Identification, expression and substrate specificities of a mammalian β-carotene 15,15′-dioxygenase
502. Genetic analysis of RPE65: From human disease to mouse model
503. Isolation and characterization of monkey interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein, a unique extracellular matrix component of the retina
504. Rpe65 is necessary for production of 11-cis-vitamin A in the retinal visual cycle
505. Is colour vision possible with only rods and blue-sensitive cones?
506. Human ATP-binding cassette transporter 1 (ABC1): Genomic organization and identification of the genetic defect in the original Tangier disease kindred
507. Rhodopsin Thr58Arg mutation in a family with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa
508. Identification of the cystic fibrosis gene: Cloning and characterization of complementary DNA
509. Rhodopsin kinetics in the cat retina
510. The rhodopsin cycle is preserved in IRBP "knockout" mice despite abnormalities in retinal structure and function
511. Rhodopsin regeneration in man
512. Opsins with mutations at the site of chromophore attachment constitutively activate transducin but are not phosphorylated by rhodopsin kinase
513. Constitutively active mutants of rhodopsin
514. Shifting relationships between photoreceptors and pigment epithelial cells in monkey retina: Implications for the development of retinal topography
515. Dissecting the dark-adapted electroretinogram
516. Cultured amphibian melanophores: A model system to study melanopsin photobiology
517. A null mutation in the rhodopsin gene causes rod photoreceptor dysfunction and autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa
518. cis-trans isomerization in the photochemistry of vision
519. Mutations of the retinal specific ATP binding transporter gene (ABCR) in a single family segregating both autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa RP19 and Stargardt disease: Evidence of clinical heterogeneity at this locus
520. The ABCR gene: A major disease gene in macular and peripheral retinal degenerations with onset from early childhood to the elderly
521. Genomic organization and mutation analysis of the gene encoding lecithin retinol acyltransferase in human retinal pigment epithelium
522. Molecular and biochemical characterization of lecithin retinol acyltransferase
523. Rhodopsin measurement and dark-adaptation in a subject deficient in cone vision
524. Bleached rhodopsin and visual adaptation
525. Color vision: An approach through the cone pigments
526. Acyl-CoA: Retinol acyltransferase and lecithin: Retinol acyltransferase activities of bovine retinal pigment epithelial microsomes
527. Photochemistry and stereoselectivity of cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein from bovine retina
528. CoA- and non-CoA-dependent retinol esterification in retinal pigment epithelium
529. Purification of cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein from bovine retina and retinal pigment epithelium
530. Lecithin: Retinol acyltransferase in retinal pigment epithelial microsomes
531. Retinol esterification in bovine retinal pigment epithelium: Reversibility of lecithin: Retinol acyltransferase
532. Control of substrate flow at a branch in the visual cycle
533. Phase partition and high-performance liquid chromatography assays of retinoid dehydrogenases
534. Reduction of all-trans-retinal limits regeneration of visual pigment in mice
535. Cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein is expressed by oligodendrocytes in optic nerve and brain
536. Properties of an interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein from bovine retina
537. Rhodopsin: A prototypical G protein-coupled receptor
538. Acuity recovery and cone pigment regeneration after a bleach in patients with retinitis pigmentosa and rhodopsin mutations
539. + pump
540. Structure of rhodopsin
541. Structure of rhodopsin
542. Projection structure of frog rhodopsin in two crystal forms
543. Preparation and analysis of two-dimensional crystals of rhodopsin
544. Kinetics, binding constant, and activation energy of the 48-kDa protein-rhodopsin complex by extra-metarhodopsin II
545. Expression of cellular retinol-binding protein and lecithin-retinol acyltransferase in developing rat testis
546. Current understanding on the role of retinal pigment epithelium and its pigmentation
547. Photodamage to human RPE cells by A2-E, a retinoid component of lipofuscin
548. Axial diffusion of retinol in isolated frog rod outer segments following substantial bleaches of visual pigment
549. Dietary carotenoids, vitamins A, C, and E, and advanced age-related macular degeneration
550. Phenotype in retinol deficiency due to a hereditary defect in retinol binding protein synthesis
551. Evolutionary aspects of the diversity of visual pigment chromophores in the class insecta
552. The incremental threshold of the rod visual system and Weber's law
553. Red, green, and red-green hybrid pigments in the human retina: Correlations between deduced protein sequences and psychophysically measured spectral sensitivities
554. L, M and L-M hybrid cone photopigments in man: Deriving lambda max from flicker photometric spectral sensitivities
555. Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein contains three retinoid binding sites
556. A human opsin-related gene that encodes a retinaldehyde-binding protein
557. Affinity labeling of lecithin retinol acyltransferase
558. Kinetic mechanism of lecithin retinol acyl transferase
559. Is chicken green-sensitive cone visual pigment a rhodopsin-like pigment? A comparative study of the molecular properties between chicken green and rhodopsin
560. Effects of chloride on chicken iodopsin and the chromophore transfer reactions from iodopsin to scotopsin and B-photopsin
561. Nanosecond laser photolysis of iodopsin, a chicken red-sensitive cone visual pigment
562. Retinitis pigmentosa and the rhodopsin gene
563. Cloning of cDNAs encoding human interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) and comparison with bovine IRBP sequences
564. Dark-light: Model for nightblindness from the human rhodopsin Gly-90→Asp mutation
565. Studies on the mass receptor potential of the isolated frog retina. I. General properties of the response
566. The retinal pigment epithelial-specific 11-cis retinol dehydrogenase belongs to the family of short chain alcohol dehydrogenases
567. Primary structure of human 11-cis retinol dehydrogenase and organization and chromosomal localization of the corresponding gene
568. Analyzing membrane topology of 11-cis-retinol dehydrogenase
569. Intracellular localization and membrane topology of 11-cis retinol dehydrogenase in the retinal pigment epithelium suggest a compartmentalized synthesis of 11-cis retinaldehyde
570. Contribution of the guanosinetriphosphatase activity of G-protein to termination of light-activated guanosine cyclic 3′,5′-phosphate hydrolysis in retinal rod outer segments
571. Kinetic studies suggest that light-activated cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase is a complex with G-protein subunits
572. Current controversies in carotene nutrition
573. Interactions of retinol-binding protein with transthyretin and its receptor
574. Homozygous disruption of the murine mdr2 P-glycoprotein gene leads to a complete absence of phospholipid from bile to liver disease
575. Alligator rhodopsin: Sequence and biochemical properties
576. Distribution of individual macular pigment carotenoids in central retina of macaque and squorrel monkeys
577. Age-related macular degeneration in grandparents of patients with Stargardt disease: Genetic study
578. A novel ABCR nonsense mutation responsible for late-onset fundus flavimaculatus
579. The lipofuscin fluorophore A2E mediates blue light-induced damage to retinal pigment epithelial cells
580. Preferential release of 11-cis-retinol from retinal pigment epithelial cells in the presence of cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein
581. Multienzyme analysis of visual cycle
582. Isomerization of all-trans-9- and 13-desmethylretinol by retinal pigment epithelial cells
583. Interactions between the retinal pigment epithelium and the neural retina
584. Equivalent adaptation levels in localized retinal areas
585. Genetic linkage of vitelliform macular degeneration (Best's disease) to chromosome 11q13
586. Allelic variation in ABCR associated with Stargardt disease but not age-related macular degeneration
587. Molecular basis of visual excitation
588. 11-cis-Retinal-binding protein from bovine retina. Isolation and partial characterization
589. cDNA cloning, tissue distribution, and substrate characteristics of a cis-Retinol/3α-hydroxysterol short-chain dehydrogenase isozyme
590. Purification and characterization of neutral, bile salt-independent retinyl ester hydrolase from rat liver microsomes. Relationship to rat carboxyesterase ES-2
591. Peropsin, a novel visual pigment-like protein located in the apical microvilli of the retinal pigment epithelium
592. Retinal stimulates ATP hydrolysis by purified and reconstituted ABCR, the photoreceptor-specific ATP-binding cassette transporter responsible for Stargardt disease
593. Stargardt's ABCR is localized to the disc membrane of retinal rod outer segments
594. ABCR: Rod photoreceptor-specific ABC transporter responsible for Stargardt disease
595. Genetic basis of total colourblindness among the Pingelapese islanders
596. Rhodopsin mutations in autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa
597. Functional heterogeneity of mutant rhodopsins responsible for autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa
598. Enhancement of opsin activity by all-trans-retinal
599. Age-related macular degeneration. The lipofuscin component n-retinyl-n-retinylidene ethanolamine detaches proapoptotic proteins from mitochondria and induces apoptosis in mammalian retinal pigment epithelial cells
600. Identification and immunohistochemistry of retinol dehydrogenase from bovine retinal pigment epithelium
601. Light stimulates phosphorylation of two large membrane proteins in frog photoreceptors
602. Solubility of retinoids in water
603. Light adaptation in cat retinal rods
604. Structure and developmental expression of the mouse RGR opsin gene
605. Highly conserved glutamic acid in the extracellular IV-V loop in rhodopsins acts as the counterion in retinochrome, a member of the rhodopsin family
606. Light adaptation and dark adaptation of human rod photoreceptors measured from the a-wave of the electroretinogram
607. Genetics and phenotypes of RPE65 mutations in inherited retinal degeneration
608. Proteoglycan biosynthesis by chick embryo retina glial-like cells
609. Role of calcium in regulating the cyclic GMP cascade of phototransduction in retinal rod
610. Effects of depalmitoylation on physicochemical properties of rhodopsin
611. Inhibitors of retinyl ester formation also prevent the biosynthesis of 11-cis-retinol
612. RPE65, the major retinal pigment epithelium microsomal membrane protein, associates with phospholipid liposomes
613. Substrate specificities of retinyl ester hydrolases in retinal pigment epithelium
614. Light-evoked changes in the interphotoreceptor matrix
615. Arrangement of rhodopsin transmembrane α-helices
616. Low resolution structure of bovine rhodopsin determined by electron cryo-microscopy
617. Biochemical basis for depressed serum retinol levels in transthyretin-deficient mice
618. Rapid restoration of visual pigment and function with oral retinoid in a mouse model of childhood blindness
619. Retinal photoreceptor neurons and pinealocytes accumulate mRNA for interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP)
620. β-Carotene absorption and cleavage in rats is affected by the vitamin A concentration of the diet
621. Palmitoylation of rhodopsin with S-protein acyltransferase: Enzyme catalyzed reaction versus autocatalytic acylation
622. Retinal dystrophy of Swedish briard/briard-beagle dogs is due to a 4-bp deletion in RPE65
623. Tandem array of human visual pigment genes at Xq28
624. Filling the gap in vitamin A research. Molecular identification of an enzyme cleaving β-carotene to retinal
625. Millisecond activation of transducin in the cyclic nucleotide cascade of vision
626. Retinal autoimmunity: Two decades of research
627. A frequent 1085delC/insGAAG mutation in the RDH5 gene in Japanese patients with fundus albipunctatus
628. Goldfish cones secrete a two-repeat interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein
629. Carotenoids and the visual cycle
630. The molecular basis of visual excitation
631. Molecular basis of visual excitation
632. Proceedings: Visual pigments and photoreceptors-review and outlook
633. 1 in vitro
634. Distantly related sequences in the α- and β-subunits of ATP synthase, myosin, kinases and other ATP-requiring enzymes and a common nucleotide binding fold
635. Activity of human 11-cis-retinol dehydrogenase (Rdh5) with steroids and retinoids and expression of its mRNA in extra-ocular human tissue
636. Mutually exclusive expression of human red and green visual pigment-reporter transgenes occurs at high frequency in murine cone photoreceptors
637. Identification of the Cl(-)-binding site in the human red and green color vision pigments
638. Charge stabilization mechanism in the visual and purple membrane pigments
639. A novel form of the G protein β subunit Gβ5 is specifically expressed in the vertebrate retina
640. On an early stage of rhodopsin regeneration in man
641. Cone pigment regeneration, retinitis pigmentosa and light deprivation
642. Light and dark adaptation in the isolated rat retina
643. Human tritanopia associated with two amino acid substitutions in the blue-sensitive opsin
644. Insights into the function of Rim protein in photoreceptors and etiology of Stargardt's disease from the phenotype in abcr knockout mice
645. Are antioxidants or supplements protective for age-related macular degeneration?
646. Light-dependent subcellular movement of photoreceptor proteins
647. VMD2 mutations in vitelliform macular dystrophy (Best disease) and other maculopathies
648. Melatonin-binding in the frog retina: Autoradiographic and biochemical analysis
649. Duration and amplitude of the light-induced cGMP hydrolysis in vertebrate photoreceptors are regulated by multiple phosphorylation of rhodopsin and by arrestin binding
650. Rapid affinity purification of retinal arrestin (48kDa protein) via its light-dependent binding to phosphorylated rhodopsin
651. Selective expression of human X chromosome-linked green opsin genes
652. Polymorphism in red photopigment underlies variation in colour matching
653. Defective colour vision associated with a missense mutation in the human green visual pigment gene
654. Regulation of isomerohydrolase activity in the visual cycle
655. Quantitative measurements of isomerohydrolase activity
656. Complexes of the G protein subunit G with the regulators of G protein signaling RGS7 and RGS9. Characterization in native tissues and in transfected cells
657. Cloning and expression of β,β-carotene 15, 15′-dioxygenase
658. Effects of light and darkness on pH outside rod photoreceptors in the cat retina
659. Mutations in the gene encoding 11-cis retinol dehydrogenase cause delayed dark adaptation and fundus albipunctatus
660. Cloning and characterization of a human β,β-carotene-15,15′-dioxygenase that is highly expressed in the retinal pigment epithelium
661. Molecular evolution of vertebrate visual pigments
662. Photophysiological functions of visual pigments
663. Molecular basis for color vision
664. Iodopsin, a red-sensitive cone visual pigment in the chicken retina
665. Primary intermediates of rhodopsin studied by low temperature spectrophotometry and laser photolysis. Bathorhodopsin, hypsorhodopsin and photorhodopsin
666. Participation of the retinal pigment epithelium in the rod outer segment renewal process
667. Autoradiographic studies on the metabolism of the retinal pigment epithelium
668. Crystal structure of liganded and unliganded forms of bovine plasma retinol-binding protein
669. A novel mutation in the ABCR gene in four fatients with autosomal recessive Stargardt disease
670. A 5-bp deletion in ELOVL4 is associated with two related forms of autosomal dominant macular dystrophy
671. Cloning, Characterization and tissue distribution of the rat ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter ABC2/ABCA2
672. Differentiation and transdifferentiation of the retinal pigment epithelium
673. Effect of carboxylic acid side chains on the absorption maximum of visual pigments
674. The distribution and proportions of vitamin A compounds during the visual cycle in the rat
675. Subcellular distribution of 11-cis retinol dehydrogenase activity in bovine pigment epithelium
676. Distribution of enzyme activities in subcellular fractions of bovine retina
677. Biochemical aspects of the visual process. XXX. Distribution of stereospecific retinol dehydrogenase activities in subcellular fractions of bovine retina and pigment epithelium
678. Dynamics and function of vitamin A compounds in rat retina after a small bleach of rhodopsin