Pneumococcal virulence factors: Structure and function

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews

Volumn 65, Issue 2, 2001, Pages 187-207

  Jedrzejas, M J ^a  

^a University of Alabama at Birmingham   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BACTERIAL ANTIGEN; BACTERIAL PROTEIN; BINDING PROTEIN; CHOLINE; CYTOLYSIN; HYALURONIC ACID; PNEUMOCOCCUS VACCINE; PNEUMOLYSIN; SIALIDASE;

BACTERIAL VIRULENCE; BACTERIUM ADHERENCE; CELL MEMBRANE; HOST CELL; METAL BINDING; NONHUMAN; PROTEIN BINDING; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN STRUCTURE; REVIEW; STREPTOCOCCUS INFECTION; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ANIMALS; BACTERIAL ADHESION; BACTERIAL PROTEINS; DNA-BINDING PROTEINS; HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; HUMANS; MODELS, MOLECULAR; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; N-ACETYLMURAMOYL-L-ALANINE AMIDASE; NEURAMINIDASE; PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTIONS; PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINES; POLYSACCHARIDE-LYASES; PROTEIN CONFORMATION; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE; STREPTOLYSINS;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); NEGIBACTERIA; PNEUMOCOCCUS; POSIBACTERIA; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE;

EID: 0034971094     PISSN: 10922172     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/MMBR.65.2.187-207.2001     Document Type: Review

References (167)

1. Pneumococcal bacteremia in adults: A 14-year experience in an inner-city university hospital
2. Immunization of mice with pneumolysin toxoid confers a significant degree of protection against at least nine serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae
3. Risk factors for carriage of drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae among children in Memphis, Tennessee
4. CD44 is the principal cell surface receptor for hyaluronan
5. Some observations on the pneumococcus and on the current status of pneumococcal disease and its prevention
6. Group B streptococcal infections
7. A review of antibiotic resistance patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Europe
8. Additive attenuation of virulence of Streptococcus pneumoniae by mutation of the genes encoding pneumolysin and other putative pneumococcal virulence proteins
9. Sequence heterogeneity of PsaA, a 37-kilodalton putative adhesin essential for virulence of Streptococcus pneumoniae
10. Cloning and characterization of nanB, a second Streptococcus pneumoniae neuraminidase gene, and purification of the NanB enzyme from recombinant Escherichia coli
11. Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the Streptococcus pneumoniae hyaluronidase gene and purification of the enzyme from recombinant Escherichia coli
12. Effect of insertional inactivation of the genes encoding pneumolysin and autolysin on the virulence of Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3
13. Contribution of autolysin to virulence of Streptococcus pneumoniae
14. Analysis of some putative protein virulence factors of Streptococcus pneumoniae
15. Pneumococcal proteins and the pathogenesis of disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae
16. Interaction of the pneumococcal amidase with lipoteichoic acid and choline
17. Pneumococcal diversity: Considerations for new vaccine strategies with emphasis on pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA)
18. PspA and PspC: Their potential for use as pneumococcal vaccines
19. Invasive pneumococcal infections: Incidence, predisposing factors, and prognosis
20. The 2.2 Å resolution crystal structure of influenza B neuraminidase and its complex with sialic acid
21. Pathogenesis and sequelae of respiratory infections
22. The continued emergence of drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States: An update from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Pneumococcal Sentinel Surveillance System
23. Pneumococcal vaccines: History, current status, and future directions
24. A neuraminidase from Streptococcus pneumoniae has the features of a surface protein
25. The role of pneumolysin and autolysin in the pathology of pneumonia and septicemia in mice infected with a type 2 pneumococcus
26. Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine usage, United States
27. Prevention of perinatal group B streptococcal disease: A public health perspective, United States
28. Catalysis by metal-activated hydroxide in zinc and manganese metalloenzymes
29. Structural chemistry and biology of manganese metalloenzymes
30. Bumps on the vaccine road
31. Multiple sequence alignment with hierarchical clustering
32. Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) is serologically highly variable and is expressed by all clinically important capsular serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae
33. The structures of Salmonella typhimurium LT2 neuraminidase and its complexes with three inhibitors at high resolution
34. Crystal structure of a bacterial sialidase (from Salmonella typhimurium LT2) shows the same fold as an influenza virus neuraminidase
35. The packing of α-helices: Simple coiled-coils
36. Peptide permeases from Streptococcus pneumoniae affect adherence to eukaryotic cells
37. Streptococcus pneumoniae anchor to human cells by the receptor for platelet-activating factor
38. Chimeric phage-bacterial enzymes: A clue to the modular evolution of genes
39. Competence and virulence of Streptococcus pneumoniae: Adc and PsaA mutants exhibit a requirement for Zn and Mn resulting from inactivation of putative ABC metal permeases
40. High prevalence of multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae among children in a rural Kentucky community
41. Studies on a certain spreading factor existing in bacteria and its significance for bacterial invasiveness
42. Prophylaxis against pneumococcal infection after splenectomy: A challenge for hospitals and primary care
43. Regulation of human lung fibroblast glycosaminoglycan by recombinant interferons, tumor necrosis factor, and lymphotoxin
44. Pneumococcal vaccine
45. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of a thiol-activated cytolysin
46. Pneumolysin induces the salient histologic features of pneumococcal infection in the rat lung in vivo
47. Identifying periodic occurrences of a template with applications to protein structure
48. Conservation of a hexapeptide sequence in the anchor region of surface proteins from gram-positive cocci
49. Streptococcal M protein: A common structural motif used by gram-positive bacteria for biological active surface molecules
50. Turnover and metabolism of hyaluronan
51. Modular organization of the lytic enzymes of Streptococcus pneumoniae and its bacteriophages
52. Nucleotide sequence and expression of the pneumococcal autolysin gene from its own promoter in Escherichia coli
53. Purification, characterization, and toxicity of the sulfhydryl-activated hemolysin listeriolysin O from Listeria monocytogenes
54. Self-interaction of pneumolysin, the pore-forming protein toxin of Streptococcus pneumoniae
55. Epidemiologic studies of Streptococcus pneumoniae in infants: Acquisition, carriage, and infection during the first 24 months of life
56. Molecular cloning of a novel hyaluronan receptor that mediates tumor cell motility
57. CD44 - A molecule involved in leukocyte adherence and T-cell activation
58. ABC transporters: From microorganisms to man
59. Amino acids in pneumolysin important for hemolytic activity identified by random mutagenesis
60. Effect of radiotherapy on the levels of secretory immunoglobulin A against indigenous and virulent streptococci
61. Hyaluronic acid is an endogenous inducer of interleukin-1 production by human monocytes and rabbit macrophages
62. The prevalence of drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in Atlanta
63. Hyaluronidase production by pneumococci
64. Sequence analysis and expression in Escherichia coli of the hyaluronidase gene of Streptococcus pyogenes bacteriophage
65. Analysis of a second bacteriophage hyaluronidase gene from Streptococcus pyogenes: Evidence for a third hyaluronidase involved in extracellular enzymatic activity
66. Structural and functional comparison of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes
67. Production and characterization of functional fragment of pneumococcal surface protein A
68. Structural studies of Streptococcus agalactiae hyaluronate lyase
69. Expression and purification of Streptococcus pneumoniae hyaluronate lyase from Escherichia coli
70. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of Streptococcus pneumoniae hyaluronate lyase
71. Structures of aromatic inhibitors of influenza virus neuraminidase
72. Minimizing the impact of drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (DRSP): A strategy from the DRSP working group
73. Cellular location of pneumolysin
74. Pathogenesis of pneumococcal pneumonia
75. Determination of 24 variously sulfated galactosaminoglycan and hyaluronan-derived disaccharides by high-performance liquid chromatography
76. Toxicity of pneumococcal neuraminidase
77. Structure and molecular mechanism of a functional form of pneumolysin: A cholesterol-dependent cytolysin from Streptococcus pneumoniae
78. Hyaluronidases - A group of neglected enzymes
79. Many pulmonary pathogenic bacteria bind specifically to the carbohydrate sequence GalNAc beta 1-4Gal found in some glycolipids
80. Pneumococcal bacteremia during a recent decade
81. Production, characterization, and crystallization of truncated forms of pneumococcal surface protein A from Escherichia coli
82. Acute respiratory infections in under-fives: 15 Million deaths a year
83. Early onset group B streptococcal disease. Seven year experience and clinical scoring system
84. The crystal structure of pneumococcal surface antigen PsaA reveals a metal-binding site and a novel structure for a putative ABC-type binding protein
85. Streptococcus pneumoniae hyaluronate lyase crystal structure at 1.56 Å resolution: Mechanism of hyaluronan binding and degradation
86. Comparative efficacy of autolysin and pneumolysin as immunogens protecting mice against infection by Streptococcus pneumoniae
87. Purification and immunological characterization of neuraminidase produced by Streptococcus pneumoniae
88. Structural analysis and biological significance of the cell wall lytic enzymes of Streptococcus pneumoniae and its bacteriophage
89. Cell surface proteoglycans modulate net synthesis and secretion of macrophage apoliprotein
90. Chondroitin sulfates in developing mouse tooth germs: An immunohistochemical study with monoclonal antibodies against chondroitin-4 and chondroitin-6 sulfates
91. Localization of protection-eliciting epitopes on PspA of Streptococcus pneumoniae between amino acid residues 192 and 260
92. Molecular localization of variable and conserved regions of PspA and identification of additional PspA homologous sequences in Streptococcus pneumoniae
93. PspA, a surface protein of Streptococcus pneumoniae, is capable of eliciting protection against pneumococci of more than one capsular type
94. Use of insertional inactivation to facilitate studies of biological properties of pneumococcal surface protein A, PspA
95. Monoclonal antibodies against protease-sensitive pneumococcal antigens can protect mice from fatal infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae
96. Sequence repeats in alpha-tropomyosin
97. Structural characterization of the unligated and choline-bound forms of the major pneumococcal autolysin LytA amidase. Conformational transitions induced by temperature
98. Hyaluronidases of bacterial and animal origin
99. Molecular analysis of virulence factors of Streptococcus pneumoniae
100. Hyaluronate can function as a cell adhesion molecule and CD44 participates in hyaluronate recognition
101. Streptococcus pneumoniae
102. Infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae: Clinical spectrum, pathogenesis, immunity, and treatment
103. Immunization of healthy adults with a single recombinant pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) variant stimulates broadly cross-reactive antibodies to heterologous PspA molecules
104. Interaction of theta-toxin (perfringolysin O), a cholesterol-binding cytolysin, with liposomal membranes: Change in the aromatic side chains upon binding and insertion
105. Emergence of vancomycin tolerance in Streptococcus pneumoniae
106. Neuraminidase activity in bacterial meningitis
107. Exploration of the action pattern of Streptomyces hyaluronate lyase using high-resolution capilary electrophoresis
108. Structure of the Aeromonas toxin proaerolysin in its water-soluble and membrane-channel states
109. Insights into membrane insertion based on studies of colicins
110. Novel pneumococcal surface proteins: Role in virulence and vaccine potential
111. Molecular analysis of putative pneumococcal virulence proteins
112. Molecular analysis of the pathogenicity of Streptococcus pneumoniae: The role of pneumococcal proteins
113. Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of the Streptococcus pneumoniae gene encoding pneumolysin
114. Effect of immunization with pneumolysin on survival time of mice challenged with Streptococcus pneumoniae
115. Crystal structure of the anthrax toxin protective antigen
116. Tropomyosin crystal structure and muscle regulation
117. Expression, purification and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of PsaA, a putative metal-transporter protein of Streptococcus pneumoniae
118. Hyaluronan binding and degradation: A complex structure of pneumococcal hyaluronate lyase with hyaluronan substrate
119. Group B streptococcal neuraminidase is actually a hyaluronidase
120. Characterization of the group B streptococcal hyaluronate lyase
121. Compositional analysis of hyaluronan, chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate: HPLC of disaccharides produced from the glycosaminoglycans by solvolysis
122. Interaction of pneumolysin-sufficient and -deficient isogenic variants of Streptococcus pneumoniae with human respiratory mucosa
123. Formation of cell wall polymers
124. Biological role of the pneumococcal amidase. Cloning of the lytA gene in Streptococcus pneumoniae
125. Third-generation cephalosporins in the treatment of acute pneumococcal otitis media. An animal study
126. Contribution of novel choline-binding proteins to adherence, colonization and immunogenicity of Streptococcus pneumoniae
127. Structure of a cholesterol-binding thiol-activated cytolysin and a model of its membrane form
128. The molecular mechanism of pneumolysin, a virulence factor from Streptococcus pneumoniae
129. Pneumolysin: A multifunctional pneumococcal virulence factor
130. Specificity of the low density lipoprotein-glycosaminoglycan interactions
131. Cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis of psaA, the Streptococcus pneumoniae gene encoding a 37-kilodalton protein homologous to previously reported Streptococcus sp. adhesins
132. Cytokine regulation of human lung fibroblast hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid) production
133. Roles of autolysin and pneumolysin in middle ear inflammation caused by a type 3 Streptococcus pneumoniae strain in the chinchilla otitis media model
134. Structure of the cell wall anchor of surface proteins in Staphylococcus aureus
135. Invasive group B streptococcal disease in adults: A population-based study in metropolitan Atlanta
136. The mechanism of membrane insertion for a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin: A novel paradigm for pore-forming toxins
137. Identification of a membrane-spanning domain of the thiol-activated pore-forming toxin Clostridium perfringens perfringolysin O: An alpha-helical to beta-sheet transition identified by fluorescence spectroscopy
138. Structure of staphylococcal alpha-hemolysin, a heptameric transmembrane pore
139. Antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States
140. Acute respiratory infections in the developing world: Strategies for prevention, treatment and control
141. A zymographic assay for detection of hyaluronidase activity on polyacrylamide gels and its application to enzymatic activity found in bacteria
142. Effects of Streptococcus pneumoniae on human respiratory epithelium in vitro
143. The impact of otitis media
144. Guanidinobenzoic acid inhibitors of influenza virus neuraminidase
145. Protection of mice against fatal pneumococcal challenge by immunization with pneumococcal surface adhesin A (PsaA)
146. Structural, functional, and evolutionary relationships among extracellular solute-binding receptors of bacteria
147. Cytokine appearance and effects of anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha antibodies in a neonatal rat model of group B streptococcal infection
148. Insertional inactivation of the major autolysin gene of Streptococcus pneumoniae
149. Building and breaking of bonds in the cell wall of bacteria - The role for autolysin
150. Surface components of Streptococcus pneumoniae
151. On the physiological functions of teichoic acids
152. DNA uptake during genetic transformation and the growing zone of the cell envelope
153. Multiple antibiotic resistance in a bacterium with suppressed autolytic system
154. Refined atomic structures of N9 subtype influenza virus neuraminidase and escape mutants
155. Molecular and cellular biology of pneumococcal infection
156. Structural organization of the major autolysin from Streptococcus pneumoniae
157. Three-dimensional structure of the neuraminidase of influenza virus A/Tokyo/3/67 at 2.2 Å resolution
158. Variation in the molecular weight of PspA (pneumococcal surface protein A) among Streptococcus pneumoniae
159. Production of tumor necrosis factor by human cells in vitro and in vivo, induced by group B streptococci
160. Immunization policies and vaccine coverage among adults: The risk for missed opportunities
161. A family of clostridial and streptococcal ligand-binding proteins with conserved C-terminal repeat sequences
162. Identification of a common hyaluronan binding motif in the hyaluronan binding proteins RHAMM, CD44 and link protein
163. Structural properties and evolutionary relationships of PspA, a surface protein of Streptococcus pneumoniae, as revealed by sequence analysis
164. Novel surface attachment mechanism of the Streptococcus pneumoniae protein PspA