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4
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33750644038
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note
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In Greek mythology the Phoenix-rising from the ashes of a previous existence-symbolizes this idea, while Hindu philosophy narrates the following description of a cosmic cycle: "One thousand mahayugas-4,320,000,000 years of human reckoning-constitute a single day of Brahma, a single kalpa ... I have known the dreadful dissolution of the universe. I have seen all perish again and again, at every cycle. At that
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5
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0004179544
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Bollingen Foundation, Washington, D.C.
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terrible time, every single atom dissolves into the primeval, pure waters of eternity, whence all originally arose" ... and a new cycle begins afresh; see, for instance, H. Zimmer, Myths and Symbols in Indian Art and Civilization (Bollingen Foundation, Washington, D.C., 1946); paperback reprint (Harper and Row, New York, 1962);
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Zimmer, H.1
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C. W. Misner, K. S. Thorne, and J. A. Wheeler, Gravitation (Freeman, New York, 1973), p. 752.
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Gravitation Freeman, New York
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Misner, C.W.1
Thorne, K.S.2
Wheeler, J.A.3
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0000979042
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[JETP Lett. 30, 682 (1979)].
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25
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V. E. Kuzmichev and V. V. Kuzmichev, Report No. ITP-9435E Kiev, 1994
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V. E. Kuzmichev and V. V. Kuzmichev, Report No. ITP-9435E Kiev, 1994;
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Report No. ITP-94-39E, Kiev, 1994
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Report No. ITP-94-39E, Kiev, 1994;
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28
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0031496546
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[Phys. At. Nucl. 60, 1558 (1997)].
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unpublished
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P. I. Fomin (unpublished).
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Fomin, P.I.1
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(to be published), astro-ph/0007333
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A. Jaffe et al., Phys. Rev. Lett, (to be published), astro-ph/0007333.
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edited by B. Ya. Zeldovich and M. V. Sazhin Harwood Academic, Chur, Switzerland
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Although the universe was made to re-expand by the imposition of certain boundary conditions in this paper, a scalar-field dominated closed cosmological model can also "bounce" intrinsically. The reason for this has to do with the fact that the scalar field energy momentum tensor does not always satisfy the energy conditions which require the universe to recollapse into a singular state. In fact, the dynamics of a scalar-field dominated closed universe can be quite complex, displaying both chaos and fractal behavior, as demonstrated in A. Yu. Kamenshchik, I. M. Khalatnikov, and A. V. Toporensky, Int. J. Mod. Phys. D 6, 673 (1997);
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Yu Kamenshchik, A.1
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