Composition and sources of aerosol in a central African rain forest during the dry season

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 106, Issue D13, 2001, Pages 14423-14434

  Roberts, Gregory C ^a,c   Andreae, Meinrat O ^a   Maenhaut, Willy ^b   Fernández Jiménez, Maria Teresa ^b  

^a MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR CHEMISTRY   (Germany)

^b GHENT UNIVERSITY   (Belgium)

^c CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AEROSOL COMPOSITION; DRY SEASON; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; RAINFOREST;

(CENTRAL); AFRICA;

EID: 0034844726     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2000JD900774     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Ackerman, T.P., and O.B. Toon, Absorption of visible radiation in atmosphere containing mixtures of absorbing and nonabsorbing particles, Appl. Opt., 20, 3661-3667, 1981.
2. Andreae, M.O., Soot carbon and excess fine potassium: Long-range transport of combustion-derived aerosols, Science, 220, 1148-1151, 1983.
3. Andreae, M.O., Biomass burning: Its history, use and distribution and its impact on environmental quality and global climate, in Global Biomass Burning: Atmospheric, Climatic and Biospheric Implications, edited by J.S. Levine, pp. 3-21, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1991.
4. Andreae, M.O., The influence of tropical biomass burning on climate and the atmospheric environment, in Biogeochemistry of Global Change: Radiatively Active Trace Gases, edited by R.S. Oremland, pp. 113-150, Chapman and Hall, New York, NY, 1993.
5. Andreae, M.O., and P.J. Crutzen, Atmospheric aerosols: Biogeochemical sources and role in atmospheric chemistry, Science, 276, 1052-1056, 1997.
6. Andreae, M.O., T.W. Andreae, R.J. Ferek, and H. Raemdonck, Long-range transport of soot carbon in the marine atmosphere, Sci. Total Environ., 36, 73-80, 1984.
7. Andreae, M.O., H. Berresheim, H. Bingemer, D.J. Jacob, B.L. Lewis, S.-M. Li, and R.W. Talbot, The atmospheric sulfur cycle over the Amazon Basin, 2, Wet season, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 16,813-16,824, 1990.
8. Andreae, M.O., et al., Airborne studies of aerosol emissions from savanna fires in southern Africa, 2, Aerosol chemical composition, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 32,119-32,128, 1998.
9. Artaxo, P., and W. Maenhaut, Trace element concentrations and size distributions of biogenic aerosols from the Amazon Basin during the wet season, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., 49, 366-371, 1990.
10. Artaxo, P., H. Storms, F. Bruynseels, R. Van Grieken, and W. Maenhaut, Composition and sources of aerosols from the Amazon basin, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 1605-1615, 1988.
11. Artaxo, P., M.A. Yamasoe, J.V. Martins, S. Kocinas, S. Carvalho, and W. Maenhaut, Case study of atmospheric aerosol measurements in Brazil: Aerosol emissions from Amazon Basin burning, in Fire in the Environment: The Ecological, Atmospheric and Climatic Importance of Vegetation Fires, edited by P.J. Crutzen, and J.G. Goldammer, pp. 139-158, John Wiley, New York, 1993.
12. Artaxo, P., E.T. Fernandes, J.V. Martins, M.A. Yamasoe, P.V. Hobbs, W. Maenhaut, K.M. Longo, and A. Castanho, Large-scale aerosol source apportionment in Amazonia, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 31,837-31,847, 1998.
13. Bingemer, H.G., M.O. Andreae, T.W. Andreae, P. Artaxo, G. Helas, D.J. Jacob, N. Mihalopoulos, and B.C. Nguyen, Sulfur gases and aerosols in and above the equatorial African rain forest, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 6207-6217, 1992.
14. Charlson, R.J., S.E. Schwartz, J.M. Hales, R.D. Cess, J.A. Coakley, J.E. Hansen, and D.J. Hofmann, Climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosols, Science, 255, 423-430, 1992.
15. Coakley, J.A., R.D. Cess, and F.B. Yurevich, The effect of tropospheric aerosols on the earth's radiation budget: A parameterization for climate models, J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 116-138, 1983.
16. Cros, B., J. Fontan, A. Minga, G. Helas, D. Nganga, R. Delmas, A. Chapuis, B. Benech, and M.O. Andreae, Vertical profiles of ozone between 0 and 400 m in and above the African Equatorial Forest, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 12,877-12,887, 1992.
17. Crutzen, P.J., and M.O. Andreae, Biomass burning in the tropics: Impact on atmospheric chemistry and biogeochemical cycles, Science, 250, 1669-1678, 1990.
18. Crutzen, P.J., and J.G. Goldammer, Fire in the environment: The Ecological, Atmospheric, and Climatic Importance of Vegetation Fires, 400 pp., John Wiley, New York, 1993.
19. Delon, C., A. Druilhet, R. Delmas, and P. Durand, Dynamic and thermodynamic structure of the lower troposphere above rain forest and wet savanna during the EXPRESSO campaign, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 14,823-14,840, 2000.
20. Dickinson, R.E., Effect of fires on global radiation budget through aerosol and cloud properties, in Fire in the Environment: The Ecological, Atmospheric, and Climatic Importance of Vegetation Fires, edited by P.J. Crutzen, and J.G. Goldammer, pp. 107-122, John Wiley, New York, 1993.
21. Gaudichet, A., F. Echalar, B. Chatenet, J.P. Quisefit, G. Malingre, H. Cachier, P. Buat-Ménard, P. Artaxo, and W. Maenhaut, Trace elements in tropical African savanna biomass burning aerosols, J. Atmos. Chem., 22, 19-39, 1995.
22. Hao, W.-M., and M.-H. Liu, Spatial and temporal distribution of tropical biomass burning, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 8, 495-503, 1994.
23. 2 and other trace gases to the atmosphere from fires in the tropics, based on the FAO statistics for the period 1975-1980, in Fire in the Tropical Biota: Ecosystem Processes and Global Challenges, edited by J.G. Goldammer, pp. 440-462, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1990.
24. Heidam, N., Atmospheric aerosol factor models, mass and missing data, Atmos. Environ., 16, 1923-1931, 1982.
25. John, W., S. Hering, G. Reischl, G. Sasaki, and S. Goren, Characteristics of Nuclepore filters with large pore size, II, Filtration properties, Atmos. Environ., 17, 373-382, 1983.
26. Kiehl, J.T., and B.P. Briegleb, The relative role of sulfate aerosols and greenhouse gases in climate forcing, Science, 260, 311-314, 1993.
27. Levine, J.S., Global Biomass Burning: Atmospheric, Climatic, and Biospheric Implications, 569 pp., MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1991.
28. Maenhaut, W., and H. Raemdonck, Accurate calibration of a Si(Li) detector for PIXE analysis., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., 1, 123-136, 1984.
29. Maenhaut, W., and J. Vandenhaute, Accurate analytic fitting of PIXE spectra, Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg., 95, 407-418, 1986.
30. Maenhaut, W., and K. Akilimali, Study of atmospheric aerosol composition in equatorial Africa using PIXE as analytical technique, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., 22, 254-258, 1987.
31. Maenhaut, W., and J. Cafmeyer, Long-term atmospheric aerosol study at urban and rural sites in Belgium using multi-elemental analysis by particle-induced X-ray emission spectrometry and short-irradiation instrumental neutron activation analysis, X Ray Spectrom., 27, 236-246, 1987.
32. Maenhaut, W., A. Selen, P.V. Espen, R.V. Grieken, and J.W. Winchester, PIXE analysis of aerosol samples collected over the Atlantic Ocean from a sailboat, Nucl. Instrum. Methods, 181, 399-405, 1981.
33. Maenhaut, W., P. Cornille, J.M. Pacyna, and V. Vitols, Trace element composition and origin of the aerosol in the Norwegian Arctic, Atmos. Environ., 23, 2551-2569, 1989.
34. Maenhaut, W., F. Franois, and J. Cafmeyer, The "Gent" stacked filter unit (SFU) sampler for the collection of atmospheric aerosols in two size fractions: Description and instructions for installation and use, in Applied Research on Air Pollution using Nuclear-Related Analytical Techniques. Report on the First Research Coordination Meeting, pp. 249-263, NAHRES-19, Int. At. Energy Agency, Vienna, 1994.
35. Maenhaut, W., I. Salma, J. Cafmeyer, H.J. Annegarn, and M.O. Andreae, Regional atmospheric aerosol composition and sources in the Eastern Transvaal, South Africa, and impact of biomass burning, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 23,631-23,650, 1996.
36. Mason, B., Principles of Geochemistry, John Wiley, New York, 1966.
37. NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, HYSPLIT 4, Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model, Silver Spring, Md., 1997.
38. Penner, J.E., R.E. Dickinson, and C.A. O'Neill, Effects of aerosol from biomass burning on the global radiation bud-get, Science, 256, 1432-1434, 1992.
39. Radke, L.F., Airborne observations of cloud microphysics modified by anthropogenic forcing, in Symposium on Atmospheric Chemistry and Global Climate, Jan. 29-Feb. 3, Anaheim, Calif., pp. 310-315, Am. Meteorol. Soc., Boston, Mass., 1989.
40. Reid, J.S., and P.V. Hobbs, Physical and optical properties of young smoke from individual biomass fires in Brazil, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 32,013-32,030, 1998.
41. Reid, J.S., P.V. Hobbs, R.J. Ferek, D.R. Blake, J.V. Martins, M.R. Dunlap, and C. Liousse, Physical, chemical, and optical properties of regional hazes dominated by smoke in Brazil, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 32,059-32,080, 1998.
42. Rogers, C.F., J.G. Hudson, B. Zielinska, R.L. Tanner, J. Hallett, and J.G. Watson, Cloud condensation nuclei from biomass burning, in Global Biomass Burning: Atmospheric, Climatic and Biospheric Implications, edited by J.S. Levine, pp. 431-438, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1991.
43. Ross, J.L., P.V. Hobbs, and B. Holben, Radiative characteristics of regional hazes dominated by smoke from biomass burning in Brazil: Closure tests and direct radiative forcing, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 31,925-31,941, 1998.
44. Schneider, S.H., Detecting the climatic change signals: Are there any "fingerprints"?, Science, 263, 341-347, 1994.
45. Scholes, M., and M.O. Andreae, Biogenic and pyrogenic emissions from Africa and their impact on the global atmosphere, Ambio, 29, 23-29, 2000.
46. Scholes, M.P., P. Matrai, K. Smith, M.O. Andreae, and A. Guenther, Biosphere-atmosphere interactions, in Atmospheric Chemistry in a Changing World, edited by G. Brasseur, R. Prinn, and A. Pszenny, Springer-Verlag, New York, in press, 2001.
47. Seiler, W., and P.J. Crutzen, Estimates of gross and net fluxes of carbon between the biosphere and the atmosphere from biomass burning, Clim. Change, 2, 207-247, 1980.
48. Simoneit, B.R.T., J.N. Cardoso, and N. Robinson, An assessment of the origin and composition of higher molecular weight organic matter in aerosols over Amazonia, Chemosphere, 21, 1285-1301, 1990.
49. Stunder, B.J.B., NCEP model output - MRF archive data, NOAA Air Resour. Lab., Silver Spring, Md., 1997.
50. Thurston, G.D., and J.D. Spengler, A quantitative assessment of source contributions to inhalable particulate matter pollution in metropolitan Boston, Atmos. Environ., 19, 9-25, 1985.
51. Twomey, S.A., M. Piepgrass, and T.L. Wolfe, An assessment of the impact of pollution on global cloud albedo, Tellus, 36B, 356-366, 1984.