Alloy development by laser cladding: An overview

Journal of Laser Applications

Volumn 13, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 2-11

  Sexton, C L ^a,c   Byrne, G ^a   Watkins, K G ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLIN   (Ireland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL   (United Kingdom)

^c Sifco (Ireland) Ltd   (Ireland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALLOYING; CRACK INITIATION; METAL CLADDING; POROSITY; PROTECTIVE COATINGS; SUBSTRATES; SURFACE TREATMENT; WEAR RESISTANCE;

LASER CLADDING; RAPID ALLOY SCANNING;

LASER APPLICATIONS;

EID: 0034836126     PISSN: 1042346X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2351/1.1340337     Document Type: Article

References (79)

1. C. W. Draper and J. M. Poate, "Laser Surface Alloying: A Review," Int. Met. Rev. 30, 85-108 (1985).
2. P. J. E. Monson and W. M. Steen, "Rapid Alloy Scanning by Variable Composition Laser Cladding" in LAMP'87 - International Conference on Laser Advanced Materials Processing - Science and Applications, Osaka, Japan, 1987.
3. B. S. Yilbas, R. Davies, and Z. Yilbas, "Laser Alloying of Metal Surfaces by Injecting Titanium Carbide Powders," Int. J. Mach. Tools Manuf. 29, 499-503 (1989).
4. E. A. Metzbower, E. R. Pierpoint, and K. Hartman, "Hardfacing using a CW laser in Prod. ICALEO"83," Laser Mater. Process. 177-183 (1983).
5. K. C. Antony, Hardfacing, Welding, Brazing and Soldering, Metals Handbook Vol. 6, 9th ed (American Society for Metals, Metals Park, OH, 1983), pp. 771-793.
6. T. C. Wells, "A Review of Surface Treatments and Coatings," Surfacing Journal 9, 4 (1978).
7. P. J. Oakley, "Laser Heat Treatment & Surfacing Techniques - A Review," The Welding Institute Research Bulletin (The Welding Institute, Abingdon, UK, 1981), Vol. 22, pp. 4-11.
8. W. M. Steen and K. G. Watkins, "Coating by Laser Surface Treatment in Journal de Physique IV," J. Phys. III 3 (1993).
9. B. L. Mordike and W. Riehemann, "Industrial Applications of Laser Surface Treatment," ECLAT'94 - European Conference on Laser Treatment of Materials, Bremen-Vegesack, DVS-Berichte, 1994.
10. W. M. Steen, Laser Material Processing, 2nd reprint (Springer, Berlin, 1994).
11. V. M. Weerasinghe and W. M. Steen, "Laser Cladding with Pneumatic Powder Delivery," in 4th International Conference on Laser in Materials Processing, Los Angeles, January 1983, edited by E. A. Metzbower, (American Society of Metals, Metals Park, OH, 1983), pp. 166-175.
12. T. Takeda, W. M. Steen, and D. R. F. West, "In-situ Clad Alloy Formation by Laser Cladding," Proceedings of the LIM 2, Birmingham, UK (IFS Publications, 1985).
13. W. M. Steen, "Laser Cladding, Alloying and Melting," in Industrial Laser Annual Handbook, edited by Beford & Levitt (1986), pp. 158-174.
14. J. M. Yellup, "Laser Cladding using the Powder Blowing Technique," Surf. Coat. Technol. 71, 121-128 (1995).
15. T. R. Anthony and H. E. Cline, J. Appl. Phys. 48, 3888-3894 (1977).
16. C. Chan, J. Muzumder, and M. M. Chen, "A Model for Surface Tension Driven Fluid Flow in Laser Surface Alloying," Lasers in Materials Processing (American Society of Metals, Metals Park, OH, 1983), pp. 150-157.
17. T. Chande and J. Mazumder, Metall. Trans. B 14, 181-190 (1983).
18. R. Dekumbis, "Controlling Residual Stresses in Laser Cladded Coatings," Proceedings of the 6th International Conference Lasers in Manufacturing, Birmingham. (IFS, 1989).
19. 2 Laser," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Surface Coating Technology, British Welding Institute, UK, Paper No. 2. P 219-232, 1978.
20. W. M. Steen, V. M. Weerasinghe, and V. M. Monson, "Some Aspects of the Formation of Laser Clad Tracks," in Proc. SPIE Conference Paper No. 650, Innsbruck (SPIE, Bellingham, WA, 1986) [Proc. SPIE 650, 226-243 (1986)].
21. W. M. Steen, V. M. Weerasinghe, and V. M. Monson, "Some Aspects of the Formation of Laser Clad Tracks," in Proc. SPIE Conference Paper No. 650, Innsbruck (SPIE, Bellingham, WA, 1986) [Proc. SPIE 650, 226-243 (1986)].
22. L. J. Li and J. Mazumder, "A Study of the Mechanism of Laser Cladding Processing," in Laser Processing of Materials, edited by K. Mukherjee and J. Mazumder (Metal Society of AIME, 1985), pp. 35-50.
23. P. Crook and H. N. Farmer, "Friction and wear of Hardfacing Alloy in Friction, Lubrication and wear Technology," ASM Handbook (American Society of Metals International, Metals Park, OH, 1992), Vol. 18, pp. 758-765.
24. "Metals Handbook, Welding, Brazing, and Soldering," ASM Handbook, edited by Fl. Reidenbach and T. B. Zorc. (American Society of Metals, Metals Park, OH, 1993), Vol. 6, pp. 789-829.
25. J. Clarke and L. Tapia-Villanueva, Laser Cladding (Department of Metallurgy and Material Science, Imperial College, London, UK, 1979).
26. V. M. Weerasinghe, W. M. Steen, and D. R. F. West, "Laser Deposited Austenitic Stainless Steel Clad Lyers," Surf. Eng. 3 (1987).
27. W. M. Steen and K. G. Watkins, "Coating by Laser Surface Treatment," J. Phys. IV 3, 581-589 (1993).
28. M. Ono and S. Kosuge, "Development of laser cladding process in LAMP'87," International Conference on Laser Advanced Materials Processing, Osaka, 1987.
29. K. Komvopoulos and K. Nagarathnam, "Processing and Characterisation of Laser-Clad Coating Materials," J. Eng. Mater. Technol. 112, 131-143 (1990).
30. M. A. Anjos, R. Vilar, and Y. Y. Qui, "Laser Cladding of ASTM S31254 Stainless Steel on a Plain Carbon-Steel Substrate," Surf. Coat. Technol. 92, 142-149 (1997).
31. Y. Gachon, A. B. Vannes, and J. M. Pelletier, "Wear and Mechanical Behaviour of Laser Coatings in Proceedings of EUROMAT'79," 5th European Conference on 3-Surface Engineering (Netherlands Society of Mater. Sci., 1997), pp. 393-396.
32. J. Singh and J. Mazumder, Mater. Sci. Eng. 2, 709-713 (1986).
33. J. Singh and J. Mazumder, Metall. Mater. Trans. A 18, 313-322 (1987).
34. J. Choi and J. Mazumder, J. Mater. Sci. 29, 4460-4476 (1994).
35. P. J. E. Monson, "A Comparison of Laser Hardfacing with Conventional Processes," International Conference in Joining and Cutting Processes'89 Harrogate, UK, 1989.
36. R. M. MacIntyre, Laser Hardfacing of RB211 Turbine Blade Shroud Interlocks. Applications of Lasers in Material Processing, ASM Conference, Los Angeles 24-26 January 1983, p. 230.
37. J. Com-Nougue and E. Kerrand, "Cr Steel Laser Coatings with Co Base Alloy," LAMP'87 - International Conference on Laser Advanced Materials Processing, Osaka, Japan, 1987.
38. Z. Beidi and Z. Xiaoyan, "Laser Cladding Technology of Steam Turbine Blades," ISLOE'93 - International Symposium on Lasers and Optoelectronics, Singapore, 1993.
39. C. F. Mardsen and A. Frenk, "Effects of Injection Geometry on Laser Cladding," ECLAT'90 - European Conference on Laser Treatment of Materials, Erlangen, Germany, 1990 (Sprechsaal, Coburg, Germany, 1990).
40. 2 Laser Radiation," ECLAT'90 - European Conference on Laser Treatment of Materials, Erlangen, Germany, 1990 (Sprechsaal, Coburg, Germany, 1990).
41. T. Weber, "Advances in the Application of Laser Cladding of Multi-Dimensional Part Geometry's," in Proceedings of Laser in Motion for Industrial Applications, 13-14 January, 1987, Los Angeles, CA, edited by D. A. Belforte [Proc. SPIE 744, 137-143 (1987)].
42. T. Weber, "Advances in the Application of Laser Cladding of Multi-Dimensional Part Geometry's," in Proceedings of Laser in Motion for Industrial Applications, 13-14 January, 1987, Los Angeles, CA, edited by D. A. Belforte [Proc. SPIE 744, 137-143 (1987)].
43. P. Z. Wang, Mater. Des. 17, 289-296 (1996).
44. M. Riabkina-Fishman and J. Zahavi, "Laser Alloying and Cladding for Improving Surface Properties and Refurbishing Worn Machine Parts," Lasers Eng. 5, 31-41 (1996).
45. J. Feng, M. G. S. Ferreira, and R. Vilar, Surf. Coat. Technol. 88, 212-218 (1997).
46. G. Backes, E. W. Kreutz, A. Gasser, E. Hoffmann, K. Wissenbach, and R. Poprawe, "Laser-Shape Reconditioning and Manufacturing and Tools and Machine Parts," in ICALEO'98, Orlando, FL, 1998 (SPIE, Bellingham, WA, 1998).
47. M. Brandt, D. A. Scott, S. B. Mees, and J. M. Yellup, "Laser Cladding with a Pulsed Nd:YAG Laser and Optical Fibres," J. Laser Appl. 9, 67-75 (1997).
48. I. Burmester, M. Zhong, H. Becker, F. von Alvensleben, W. Liu, and H. Haferkamp, "Precision Nd:YAG Laser Cladding with Coaxial Powder Feeding on Very Thin Sheets," Proceedings of SPIE-Laser Processing of Materials and Industrial Applications, 1998.
49. W. M. Steen and J. P. Powell, "Laser Surface Treatment," Mater. Eng. 2, 157-162 (1981).
50. A. A. Mangalz and M. A. Everett, "Industrial Applications of Laser Cladding," Industrial Laser Handbook (1988).
51. W. M. Steen, "Surface Treatment of Materials by Laser Beam," Proceedings of ECLAT'88 - European Conference on Laser Treatment of Materials, 1988, pp. 60-63.
52. 2 Laser Cladding," Opt. Quantum Electron. 27, 1313-1318 (1995).
53. 2 Laser Radiation," ECLAT'94 -European Conf. on Laser Treatment of Materials, Bremen-Vegesack, Germany, 1994.
54. A. Belmondo and M. Castagna, "Wear-Resistant Coatings by Laser Processing," Thin Solid Films 64, 249-256 (1979).
55. Z. D. Chen, L. C. Lim, and M. Qian, "Laser Cladding of WC-Ni Composite," J. Mater. Process. Technol. 62, 321-323 (1996).
56. C. Yang and X. Zhen, "Laser Cladding of WC-Co Powder," ICALEO'90, Orlando, FL, 1990.
57. B. Grunenwald, J. Shen, F. Dausinger, and S. Nowotny, "Laser Cladding with a Heterogeneous Powder Mixture of WC/Co and NiCrBSi," Proceedings of the European Conference on Laser Treatment of Materials ECLAT'92, Göttingen. Oberursel: DGM, 1992, pp. 411-416.
58. S. Nowotny and A. Techel, "Microstructure and Wear Properties of Laser Clad Carbide Coatings," ICALEO'93, Orlando, FL, 1993.
59. S. Nowotny and A. Techel, "Influences on the Wear Resistance on Carbide Laser Claddings," ECLAT'94 European Conference on Laser Treatment of Materials, Bremen-Vegesack, Germany, 1994.
60. M. Cadenas, R. Vijande, Hontes, and J. M. Sierra, "Wear Behaviour of Laser Cladded and Plasma Sprayed WC-Co Coatings," Wear 212, 244-253 (1997).
61. 2C)/Ni-B-S Composites for Enhanced Abrasive Wear Resistance," Mater. Sci. Technol. 12, 691-696 (1996).
62. R. C. Gassmann, S. Nowotny, A. Luft, W. Reitzenstein, and J. Shen, "Laser Cladding of Hard Particles Rich Alloys," ICALEO'92, Laser Materials Processing, Orlando, FL, 1992, pp. 288-300.
63. S. Ayrault, C. Canonge, and A. B. Vannes, "Laser Cladding on Thermoplastic Polymers," Lasers Eng. 5, 11-22 (1996).
64. K. Tsukamoto et al., "A New Ceramic Coating Technique using Laser Spraying Process," Proc. SPIE 3550 (1994).
65. J. Kelly, K. Nagarathnam, and J. Mazunder, "Laser Cladding of Cast Al-Si Alloys for Improved Dry Sliding Wear Resistance," J. Laser Appl. 10, 45-54 (1998).
66. P. J. E. Monson and W. M. Steen, "Rapid Alloy Scanning by Variable Composition Laser Cladding," LAMP'87 - International Conference on Laser Advanced Materials Processing, Osaka, Japan, 1987.
67. G. Abbas and W. M. Steen, "Laser Cladding with SiC Particle Injection," ECLAT'88 - European Conference on Laser Treatment of Materials, Erlangen, Germany, (Sprechsaal, Coburg, Germany, 1988).
68. G. Abbas and D. R. F. West, "Wear Studies of Variable Composition Stellite-SiC Laser Clad Deposits," ICALEO'89, Orlando, FL, 1989.
69. N. McKeown and W. M. Steen, "Variable Composition Cladding for Improved Wear Resistance," Birmingham University Conference, September 1991.
70. N. McKeown, N. McCartney, and W. M. Steen, "Laser Transformation Hardening on Engine Valve Steels," ICALEO'90, USA, 4-9 Nov., 1990 (Penwell, 1990).
71. P. A. Carvalho, N. Braz., R. Vilar, M. M. Pontinha, and M. G. S. Ferreira, "Characterisation of Co-Ni-Al Alloys Obtained by Variable Powder Feed Rate," Laser Advanced Materials Processing LAMP'92 -International Conference on Laser Advanced Materials Processing, Nagaoka, Japan, High Temperature Society of Japan, 1992, pp. 825-830.
72. M. Ellis and D. C. Xiao, "Variable Composition Laser Cladding of Copper Alloys," Matador Conference, UMIST, Manchester, 1992.
73. D. C. Xiao, M. Ellis, C. Lee, W. M. Steen, K. G. Watkins, and W. P. Brown, "Processing Aspects of Laser Cladding an Aluminium Alloy onto Steel," ICALEO'93, Orlando, FL, 24-28 October 1993.
74. Z. Liu, J. L. Sun, W. M. Steen, K. G. Watkins, C. Lee, and W. P. Brown, "Laser Cladding of Al-Sn Alloy on Mild Steel," J. Laser Appl. 9, 35-41 (1997).
75. D. C. Xiao and C. Lee, "Processing Aspects of Laser Cladding on Steel with Al Alloys," ICPR'93, Finland, 1993.
76. C. L. Sexton, A New Generation of Corrosion Resistant Coating Alloys for Steel in SCIENCE Report, Contract No. SC1-CT90-0568 (Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK, 1992).
77. C. L. Sexton, W. M. Steen K. G. Watkins, M. G. S. Ferreira, R. M. Vilar, and P. Carvalho, "Laser Multi Powder Feeder Cladding System for Variable Composition Analysis," AMPT'93. International Conference On Advances in Materials & Processing Technologies, Dublin City University, 1993, pp. 1215-1224.
78. C. L. Sexton, W. M. Steen, K. G. Watkins, M. G. S. Ferreira, R. M. Vilar, and P. Carvalho, "Triple Hopper Powder Feeder System for Variable Composition Laser Cladding," ICALEO'93, 12th International Congress on Applications of Lasers and Electro-Optics (Laser Institute of America, Orlando, FL, 1993).
79. C. L. Sexton, Rapid Alloy Scanning by Laser Cladding (Verlag Shaker, 1995).