The androgen receptor gene and its influence on the development and progression of prostate cancer

Journal of Pathology

Volumn 195, Issue 2, 2001, Pages 138-146

  Montgomery, Jeffrey S ^a   Price, Douglas K ^a   Figg, William D ^a  

^a NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

Androgen receptor; CAG trinucleotide repeat; Gene amplification; GGN trinucleotide repeat; Prostate cancer; Somatic mutation

Indexed keywords

ADENINE; AMINOGLUTETHIMIDE; ANDROGEN RECEPTOR; ANDROSTANOLONE; BICALUTAMIDE; CYTOSINE; FINASTERIDE; FLUTAMIDE; GONADORELIN AGONIST; GROWTH FACTOR; GUANINE; KETOCONAZOLE; NILUTAMIDE; TESTOSTERONE;

ADAPTATION; ADULT; CANCER GROWTH; CANCER HORMONE THERAPY; CANCER INCIDENCE; CANCER MORTALITY; CANCER RISK; CANCER THERAPY; CARCINOGENESIS; CASTRATION; CAUSE OF DEATH; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL GROWTH; CELL PROLIFERATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; EXON; FEMALE; GENE; GENE AMPLIFICATION; HUMAN; INDUSTRIALIZATION; MALE; PATHOGENESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSTATE ADENOCARCINOMA; PROSTATE CANCER; RECEPTOR AFFINITY; RECEPTOR BINDING; REGULATORY MECHANISM; REVIEW; SOMATIC MUTATION; TESTIS; TRINUCLEOTIDE REPEAT;

ADENOCARCINOMA; DISEASE PROGRESSION; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION TO DISEASE; HUMANS; MALE; MUTATION; PROSTATIC NEOPLASMS; RECEPTORS, ANDROGEN;

EID: 0034802105     PISSN: 00223417     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/1096-9896(200109)195:2<138::AID-PATH961>3.0.CO;2-Y     Document Type: Review

References (96)

1. Cloning of human androgen receptor complementary DNA and localization to the X chromosome
2. Cloning, structure and expression of a cDNA encoding the human androgen receptor
3. The androgen receptor in prostate cancer
4. Molecular mechanisms of action of steroid/thyroid receptor superfamily members
5. Molecular mechanisms of androgen action
6. Mutation of the androgen-receptor gene in metastatic androgen-independent prostate cancer
7. Expression, structure, and function of androgen receptor in advanced prostatic carcinoma
8. The androgen receptor: Genetic considerations in the development and treatment of prostate cancer
9. The steroid receptor superfamily: More excitement predicted for the future
10. The human androgen receptor: Domain, structure, genomic organization and regulation of expression
11. Transcriptional regulation by steroid hormones
12. 2-terminal and carboxyl-terminal sequences
13. Hormone-induced dissociation of the androgen receptor heat-shock protein complex: Use of a new monoclonal antibody to distinguish transformed from nonstransformed receptors
14. Stimulation of androgen-regulated transactivation by modulators of protein phosphorylation
15. Role of co-activators and co-repressors in the mechanism of steroid/thyroid receptor action
16. Functional in vivo interaction between the amino-terminal, transactivation domain and the ligand binding domain of the androgen receptor
17. Cancer statistics, 1999
18. International trends and patterns of prostate cancer incidence and mortality
19. Variation in survival of patients with prostate cancer in Europe since 1978
20. Epidemiology of prostate cancer
21. The importance of steroid hormones in prostate cancer
22. Environmental factors and cancer incidence and mortality in different countries, with special reference to dietary practices
23. Dietary beta-carotene and cancer of the prostate: A case-control study in Kyoto, Japan
24. Do diet and androgens alter prostate cancer risk via a common etiologic pathway?
25. Race and cause specific survival with prostate cancer: Influence of clinical stage, Gleason score, age and treatment
26. The early in utero oestrogen and testosterone environment of blacks and whites: Potential effects on male offspring
27. Does the racial-ethnic variation in prostate cancer risk have a hormonal basis?
28. CAG repeat length in the androgen receptor gene is related to age at diagnosis of prostate cancer and response to endocrine therapy, but not to prostate cancer risk
29. Family history and prostate cancer risk in black, white, and Asian men in the United States and Canada
30. Hereditary prostate cancer: Epidemiologic and clinical features
31. Studies on prostatic cancer. I. The effect of castration, of estrogen and androgen injection on serum phosphatases in metastatic carcinoma of the prostate
32. Androgen receptor gene amplification: A novel molecular mechanism for endocrine therapy resistance in human prostate cancer
33. Trinucleotide repeats in the human androgen receptor: A molecular basis for disease
34. Androgen receptors in prostate cancer
35. Regulation of androgen action
36. Genetic variation at five trimeric and tetrameric tandem repeat loci in four human population groups
37. The CAG repeat within the androgen receptor gene and benign prostatic hyperplasia
38. Long polyglutamine tracts in the androgen receptor are associated with reduced trans-activation, impaired sperm production, and male infertility
39. Progressive proximal spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy of late onset. A sex-linked recessive trait
40. Meiotic stability and genotype-phenotype correlation of the trinucleotide repeat in X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy
41. Strong correlation between the number of CAG repeats in androgen receptor genes and the clinical onset of features of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy
42. A family with adult spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy, X-linked inheritance and associated testicular failure
43. Kennedy's disease: A clinicopathologic correlation with mutations in the androgen receptor gene
44. X-linked recessive bulbospinal neuronopathy: Clinical phenotypes and CAG repeat size in androgen receptor gene
45. Current status of prostate cancer in North American black males
46. Cancer statistics for African Americans
47. Racial differences in adenocarcinoma of the prostate in North American men
48. Re: Prostate cancer and the androgen receptor
49. The length and location of CAG trinucleotide repeats in the androgen receptor N-terminal domain affect transactivation function
50. Androgen receptor CAG repeat lengths in prostate cancer: Correlation with age of onset
51. The CAG repeat within the androgen receptor gene and its relationship to prostate cancer
52. Association of prostate cancer risk with genetic polymorphisms in vitamin D receptor and androgen receptor
53. Androgen receptor variants with short glutamine or glycine repeats may identify unique subpopulations of men with prostate cancer
54. The CAG and GGC microsatellites of the androgen receptor gene are in linkage disequilibrium in men with prostate cancer
55. (CAG)nCAA and GGN repeats in the human androgen receptor gene are not associated with prostate cancer in a French-German population
56. Androgen receptor polymorphisms: Association with prostate cancer risk, relapse, and overall survival
57. Polymorphic repeats in the androgen receptor gene: Molecular markers of prostate cancer risk
58. The androgen receptor gene GGN microsatellite and prostate cancer risk
59. Androgen receptor gene amplification: A possible molecular mechanism for androgen deprivation therapy failure in prostate cancer
60. In vivo amplification of the androgen receptor gene and progression of human prostate cancer
61. Fluorescence in situ hybridization evaluation of c-myc and androgen receptor gene amplification and chromosomal anomalies in prostate cancer in Japanese patients
62. Androgen receptor gene amplification in a recurrent prostate cancer after monotherapy with the nonsteroidal potent antiandrogen Casodex (bicalutamide) with a subsequent favorable response to maximal androgen blockade
63. Survey of gene amplification during prostate cancer progression by high-throughout fluorescence in situ hybridization on tissue microarrays
64. Androgen receptor status in localized and locally progressive hormone refractory human prostate cancer
65. Androgen receptor defects: Historical, clinical and molecular perspectives
66. Androgen resistance caused by mutations in the androgen receptor gene
67. The androgen receptor gene mutations database
68. Mutant androgen receptor detected in an advanced-stage prostatic carcinoma is activated by adrenal androgens and progesterone
69. Mutant androgen receptors in prostate tumors distinguish between amino-acid sequence requirements for transactivation and ligand binding
70. Threonine on amino acid position 868 in the human androgen receptor is essential for androgen binding specificity and functional activity
71. Mutation of the androgen-receptor gene in metastatic androgen-independent prostate cancer
72. Unusual specificity of the androgen receptor in the human prostate tumor cell line LNCaP: High affinity for progestagenic and estrogenic steroids
73. Mutated human androgen receptor gene detected in a prostatic cancer patient is also activated by estradiol
74. Functional characterization of mutant androgen receptors from androgen-independent prostate cancer
75. Androgen receptor gene mutations in human prostate cancer
76. Low incidence of androgen receptor gene mutations in human prostatic tumors using single strand conformation polymorphism analysis
77. [Androgen receptor gene mutations and p53 gene analysis in advanced prostate cancer.]
78. Androgen receptor mutations in prostate cancer
79. Mutations in the androgen receptor gene are associated with progression of human prostate cancer to androgen independence
80. Selection for androgen receptor mutations in prostate cancers treated with androgen antagonist
81. DNA template as a source of artifact in the detection of p53 gene mutations using archived tissue
82. Genetic alterations of androgen receptor gene in Japanese human prostate cancer
83. Prevalence of androgen receptor gene mutations in latent prostatic carcinomas from Japanese men
84. Androgen receptor heterogeneity in human prostatic carcinomas visualized by immunohistochemistry
85. Detection of discrete androgen receptor epitopes in prostate cancer by immunostaining: Measurement by color video image analysis
86. Microsatellite mutation (CAG24-18) in the androgen receptor gene in human prostate cancer
87. Androgen receptor gene mutations in hormone-refractory prostate cancer
88. Androgen receptor activation in prostatic tumor cell lines by insulin-like growth factor-1, keratinocyte growth factor, and epidermal growth factor
89. Expression of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and FGF receptors in human prostate
90. Epidermal growth factor receptor mRNA levels in human prostatic tumors cell lines
91. Expression of fibroblast growth factor-8 in adult rat tissues and human prostate carcinoma cells
92. Androgen up-regulates epidermal growth factor expression and binding affinity in PC3 cell lines expressing the human androgen receptor
93. Growth hormone directly affects the function of the different lobes of the rat prostate
94. Activation of the human androgen receptor through a protein kinase A signaling pathway
95. Synergism between androgens and protein kinase-C on androgen-regulated gene expression
96. Maximum androgen blockade in advanced prostate cancer: An overview of 22 randomised trials with 3283 deaths in 5710 patients