Pathogen fitness penalty as a predictor of durability of disease resistance genes

Annual Review of Phytopathology

Volumn 39, Issue , 2001, Pages 187-224

  Leach, J E ^a   Vera Cruz, C M ^a   Bai, J ^a   Leung, H ^a  

^a KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Avirulence gene; Durable resistance; Gene for gene; Qualitative resistance; Virulence

Indexed keywords

AVRBS2 PROTEIN, XANTHOMONAS CAMPESTRIS; AVRBS3 2 PROTEIN, XANTHOMONAS CAMPESTRIS; AVRBS3-2 PROTEIN, XANTHOMONAS CAMPESTRIS; BACTERIAL PROTEIN;

BACTERIUM; CROP; FUNGUS; GENETIC RECOMBINATION; GENETIC SELECTION; GENETICS; INNATE IMMUNITY; MICROBIOLOGY; PATHOGENICITY; PLANT DISEASE; REVIEW; VIRULENCE;

BACTERIA; BACTERIAL PROTEINS; CROPS, AGRICULTURAL; FUNGI; IMMUNITY, NATURAL; PLANT DISEASES; RECOMBINATION, GENETIC; SELECTION (GENETICS); VIRULENCE;

EID: 0034799518     PISSN: 00664286     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.phyto.39.1.187     Document Type: Review

References (134)

1. The concept of fitness in plant-fungal pathogen systems
2. Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae avirulence genes contribute differently and specifically to pathogen aggressiveness
3. Major progresses in the studies on rice bacterial blight
4. Chromosomal gene transfer by conjugation in the plant pathogen Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria
5. RPS2 of Arabidopsis thaliana: A leucine-rich repeat class of plant disease resistance genes
6. Distribution pattern of Puccinia graminis tritici pathotypes in India
7. Homology and functional similarity of an hrp-linked pathogenicity locus, dspEF, of Erwinia amylovora and the avirulence locus avrE of Pseudomonas syringae pathovar tomato
8. Identification of the avirulence gene AVR-IRAT7 of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea
9. Resistance in tomato to Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria is determined by alleles of the pepper-specific avirulence gene avrBs3
10. Breeding rice for resistance to pests
11. Pathogenicity of geographic isolates of Fusarium oxysporum from crucifers on a differential set of crucifer seedlings
12. A field method for evaluating the potential durability of new resistance sources: Application to the Leptosphaeria maculans-Brassica napus pathosystem
13. A single amino acid difference distinguishes resistant and susceptible alleles of the rice blast resistance gene Pi-ta
14. Cloning and characterization of a member of the Xanthomonas avr/pth gene family that evades all commercially utilized cotton R genes in the United States
15. Avr-Pto enhances growth and necrosis caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato in tomato lines lacking either Pto or Prf
16. Genes for leaf and stem rusts resistance in 76 wheat genetic resources
17. The Pseudomonas syringae avrRpt2 gene product promotes pathogen virulence from inside plant cells
18. Regulation of expression of avirulence gene avr-Rxv and identification of a family of host interaction factors by sequence analysis of avrBsT
19. Elicitin genes expressed in vitro by certain tobacco isolates of Phytophthora parasitica are down regulated during compatible interactions
20. Determinants of pathogenicity and avirulence in plant pathogenic bacteria
21. 'Florida XVR 3-25' bell pepper
22. Mutations for change of race in cultures of Xanthomonas vesicatoria
23. Molecular characterization of gene-for-gene systems in plant-fungus interactions and the application of avirulence genes in control of plant pathogens
24. Expression of a single, host-specific, bacterial pathogenicity gene in plant cells elicits division, enlargement, and cell death
25. Structure, function and evolution of plant disease resistance genes
26. Inheritance of pathogenicity in Melampsora lini
27. Mutation to wider virulence in Melampsora lini
28. Current status of the gene-for-gene concept
29. Why do pathogens carry avirulence genes?
30. Type III secretion machines: Bacterial devices for protein delivery into host cells
31. Molecular evolution of virulence in natural field strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria
32. DspA, an essential pathogenicity factor of Erwinia amylovora showing homology with AvrE of Pseudomonas syringae, is secreted via the Hrp secretion pathway in a DspB-dependent way
33. Stem rusts on wheat, barley, and oat in Canada in 1996 and 1997
34. Race-specificity of plant resistance to bacterial spot disease determined by repetitive motifs in a bacterial avirulence protein
35. Resistance gene complexes: Evolution and utilization
36. Identification of a pathogenicity island, which contains genes for virulence and avirulence, on a large native plasmid in the bean pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola
37. Characterization of a 34-kDa soybean binding protein for the syringolide elicitors
38. Direct interaction of resistance gene and avirulence gene products confers rice blast resistance
39. A critical analysis of durable resistance
40. Host resistance to a fungal tomato pathogen lost by a single base-pair change in an avirulence gene
41. The tomato-Cladosporium fulvum interaction: A versatile experimental system to study plant-pathogen interactions
42. The biotrophic fungus Cladosporium fulvum circumvents Cf-4-mediated resistance by producing unstable AVR4 elicitors
43. Resistance to oomycetes: A general role for hypersensitive response?
44. A gene encoding a host-specific elicitor protein of Phytophthora parasitica
45. A gene encoding a protein elicitor of Phytophthora infestans is down-regulated during infection of potato
46. Resistance of Nicotiana benthamiana to Phytophthora infestans is mediated by the recognition of the elicitor protein INF1
47. The PWL host specificity gene family in the blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea
48. Molecular basis for evasion of plant host defense in bacterial spot disease of pepper
49. Widespread distribution and fitness contribution of Xanthomonas campestris avirulence gene avrBs2
50. Bacteria expressing avirulence gene D produce a specific elicitor of the soybean hypersensitive reaction
51. Three examples of yearly change of frequencies of unnecessary virulence genes under field conditions where resistance genes for rice blast are not present
52. Effector proteins of phytopathogenic bacteria: Bifunctional signals in virulence and host recognition
53. Molecular identification and characterization of the nip1 gene, an avirulence gene from the barley pathogen Rhynchosporium secalis
54. Expression of the avirulence gene avrBs3 from Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria is not under the control of hrp genes and is independent of plant factors
55. Genetics of resistance to wheat leaf rust
56. Physiologic specialization of Puccinia triticina in Canada in 1997
57. Physiologic specialization of Puccinia triticina in Canada in 1998
58. A high affinity binding site for the AVR9 peptide elicitor of Cladosporium fulvum is present on plasma membranes of tomato and other solanaceous plants
59. Assignment of amino acid residues of the AVR9 peptide of cladosporium fulvum that determine elicitor activity
60. Agricultural microbes genome 2: First glimpses into the genomes of plant-associated microbes
61. Isolation of pepper races 4 and 5 of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria from diseased peppers in southeastern U.S. fields
62. Disease potential of pepper bacterial spot pathogen races that overcome the Bs2 gene for resistance
63. Race shift in Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria within a season in field-grown pepper
64. Development of bacterial spot on near-isogenic lines of bell pepper carrying gene pyramids composed of defeated major resistance genes
65. Successful search for a resistance gene in tomato targeted against a virulence factor of a fungal pathogen
66. Bacterial avirulence genes
67. Distribution of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae strains virulent to Xa21 in Korea
68. Modelling gene frequency dynamics
69. Theory of genetic interactions among populations of plants and their pathogens
70. Population structure of plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria
71. Characterization of avrE from Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato: A hrp-linked avirulence locus consisting of at least two transcriptional units
72. avrA and avrE in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato PT23 play a role in virulence on tomato plants
73. Mutation studies in Puccinia graminis tritici
74. Functional analysis of plant disease resistance genes and their downstream effectors
75. Anticipatory breeding for resistance to rust diseases in wheat
76. Gucocorticoid-inducible expression of a bacterial avirulence gene in transgenic Arabidopsis induces hypersensitive cell death
77. Current status and future prospects of research on bacterial blight of rice
78. Gene-for-gene relationships specifying disease resistance in Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria-pepper interactions
79. Molecular signals required for type III secretion and translocation of the Xanthomonas campestris AvrBs2 protein to pepper plants
80. Genetics of horizontal resistance to plant diseases
81. The evolution of parasitic fitness
82. Mutation in the avrBsI avirulence gene of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria influences survival of the bacterium in soil and detached leaf tissue
83. Lateral gene transfer and the nature of bacterial innovation
84. A telomeric avirulence gene determines efficacy for the rice blast resistance gene Pi-ta
85. Pathogenic specialisation of Puccinia graminis on winter cereals and grasses in Australia in 1990 and 1991
86. Durability of resistance against fungal, bacterial and viral pathogens; present situation
87. Expression of the avirulence gene Avr9 of the fungal tomato pathogen Cladosporium fulvum is regulated by the global nitrogen response factor NRF1
88. A serious outbreak of race 6 of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria on pepper in southern Florida
89. Isolation of Arabidopsis genes that differentiate between resistance responses mediated by the RPS2 and RPM1 disease resistance genes
90. The avrRpm1 gene of Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola is required for virulence on Arabidopsis
91. Interference between two specific pathogen recognition events mediated by distinct plant disease resistance genes
92. The race-specific elicitor. NIP1, from the barley pathogen, Rhynchosporium secalis, determines avirulence on host plants of the Rrs1 resistance genotype
93. The avirulence gene avrBs1 from Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria encodes a 50-kD protein
94. First report of pepper race 6 of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria, causal agent of bacterial spot of bell pepper
95. A cluster of mutations disrupt the avirulence but not the virulence function of AvrPto
96. The syringolides: Bacterial c-glycosyl lipids that trigger plant disease resistance
97. Cloned avirulence gene of Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea determines race-specific incompatiblity on Glycines max (L.) Merr
98. Cloned avirulence gene of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria complements spontaneous race-change mutants
99. A pathogenicity locus from Xanthomonas citri enables strains from several pathovars of X. campestris to elicit canker-like lesions on citrus
100. A Xanthomonas citri pathogenicity gene, pthA, pleiotropically encodes gratuitous avirulence on nonhosts
101. Identification, cloning, and characterization of PWL2, a gene for host species specificity in the rice blast fungus
102. Spontaneous and induced mutations in a single open reading frame alter both virulence and avirulence in Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria avrBs2
103. Expression of the Bs2 pepper gene confers resistance to bacterial spot disease in tomato
104. A second gene at the tomato Cf-4 locus confers resistance to Cladosporium fulvum through recognition of a novel avirulence determinant
105. Cultivar-specific avimlence and virulence functions assigned to avrPphF in Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola, the cause of bean halo-blight disease
106. Nitrogen limitation induces expression of the avirulence gene Avr9 in the tomato pathogen Cladosporium fulvum
107. The Avr9 race-specific elicitor of Cladosporium fulvum is processed by endogenous and plant proteases
108. Recognition of the bacterial avirulence protein AvrBs3 occurs inside the host plant cell
109. Cloning and characterization of cDNA of avirulence gene Avr9 of the fungal pathogen Cladosporium fulvum, causal agent of tomato leaf mold
110. Predicting durability of a disease resistance gene based on an assessment of the fitness loss and epidemiological consequences of avirulence gene mutation
111. The race-specific elicitor AVR9 of the tomato pathogen Cladosporium fulvum: A cysteine knot protein
112. Inheritance of Fusarium resistance in cabbage
113. The cloned gene, Xa21, confers resistance to multiple Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae isolates in transgenic plants
114. Purification and characterization of peptides from Rhynchosporium secalis inducing necrosis in barley
115. Prospects for understanding avirulence gene function
116. Functional characterization of the S. cerevisiae genome by gene deletion and parallel analysis
117. Can the strategic use of disease resistance hosts protect their inherent durability?
118. Pathogen fitness in cereal mildews
119. The virulence factor AvrXa7 of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is a type III secretion pathway-dependent, nuclear-localized, double-stranded DNA binding protein
120. Host-specific symptoms and increased release of Xanthomonas citri and X. campestris pv. malvacearum from leaves are determined by the 102-bp tandem repeats of pthA and avrb6, respectively
121. Xanthomonas avirulence/pathogenicity gene family encodes functional plant nuclear targeting signals
122. Watersoaking function(s) of XcmH1005 are redundantly encoded by members of the Xanthomonas avr/pth gene family
123. Class I and Class II avrD alleles direct the production of different products in gram-negative bacteria
124. Avirulence gene avrPphC from Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola 3121: A plasmid-borne homologue of avrC closely linked to an avrD allele
125. AvrXA10 contains an acidic transcriptional activation domain in the functionally conserved C terminus
126. The C terminus of AvrXa10 can be replaced by the transcriptional activation domain of VP16 from the herpes simplex virus