Hepatitis B virus X protein: A multifunctional viral regulator

Journal of Gastroenterology

Volumn 36, Issue 10, 2001, Pages 651-660

  Murakami, S ^a  

^a KANAZAWA UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

HBV; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Transactivation; X protein (HBx)

Indexed keywords

PROTEIN X; VIRUS PROTEIN;

ANIMAL CELL; CARCINOGENESIS; CARCINOGENICITY; CELL CYCLE; CELL DEATH; CONTROLLED STUDY; GENOTOXICITY; HEPATITIS B VIRUS; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; LIVER CELL CARCINOMA; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN DEGRADATION; RAT; REGULATORY MECHANISM; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; STRESS; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION; VIRUS INFECTION; VIRUS REPLICATION;

APOPTOSIS; CARCINOMA, HEPATOCELLULAR; ENHANCER ELEMENTS (GENETICS); GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GENES, P53; HUMANS; LIVER NEOPLASMS; TRANS-ACTIVATION (GENETICS); TRANS-ACTIVATORS; TRANSCRIPTION, GENETIC;

EID: 0034753082     PISSN: 09441174     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s005350170027     Document Type: Review

References (106)

1. Hepatitis B virus X protein: Structure, function and biology
2. Nucleotide sequence of a cloned woodchuck hepatitis virus genome: Evolutional relationship between hepadnaviruses
3. Woodchuck hepatitis virus X protein is required for viral infection in vivo
4. Characterization of the role of individual protein binding motifs within the hepatitis B virus enhancer I on X promoter activity using linker scanning mutagenesis
5. Autoregulation of human hepatitis B virus X gene
6. Characterization of the hepatitis B virus EnhI enhancer and X promoter complex
7. Transactivation of human hepatitis B virus X protein, HBx operates through a mechanism distinct from protein kinase C and okadaic acid activation pathways
8. Insulin activates the hepatitis B virus X gene through the activating protein-1 binding site in HepG2 cells
9. Human hepatitis B virus enhancer 1 is responsive to human interleukin-6
10. Human hepatitis B virus X protein is a possible mediator of hypoxia-induced angiogenesis in hepatocarcinogenesis
11. p53 binds and represses the HBV enhancer: An adjacent enhancer element can reverse the transcription effect of p53
12. HBV transcription repression in response to genotoxic stress is p53-dependent and abrogated by pX
13. The hepatitis B virus X protein transactivates viral core gene expression in vivo
14. Interaction of hepatitis B viral X protein and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha synergistically activates the hepatitis B viral enhancer II/pregenomic promoter
15. Transcriptional regulation of hepatitis B virus by nuclear hormone receptors is a critical determinant of viral tropism
16. Metabolic labeling of woodchuck hepatitis B virus X protein in naturally infected hepatocytes reveals a bimodal half-life and association with the nuclear framework
17. Structural and functional characterization of interaction between hepatitis B virus X protein and the proteasome complex
18. Intracellular localization of the hepatitis B virus HBx protein
19. Association of hepatitis B virus X protein with mitochondria causes mitochondrial aggregation at the nuclear periphery, leading to cell death
20. Hepatitis B virus X protein colocalizes to mitochondria with a human voltage-dependent anion channel, HVDAC3, and alters its transmembrane potential
21. Hepatitis B virus HBx protein activates transcription factor NF-kappaB by acting on multiple cytoplasmic inhibitors of rel-related proteins
22. Cytosol is the prime compartment of hepatitis B virus X protein where it colocalizes with the proteasome
23. Human hepatitis B virus X protein is detectable in nuclei of transfected cells, and active for transactivation
24. Interaction of the hepatitis B virus X protein with the Crm1-dependent nuclear export pathway
25. Direct association and nuclear import of the hepatitis B virus X protein with the NF-kappaB inhibitor IkappaBalpha
26. The hepatitis B virus encoded oncoprotein pX amplifies TGF-beta family signaling through direct interaction with Smad4: Potential mechanism of hepatitis B virus-induced liver fibrosis
27. Hepatitis B virus X protein is a transcriptional modulator that communicates with transcription factor TFIIB and the RNA polymerase subunit RPB5
28. The HBV X protein is a co-activator of activated transcription that modulates the transcription machinery and distal binding activators
29. pX, the HBV-encoded coactivator, interacts with components of the transcription machinery and stimulates transcription a TAF-independent manner
30. Hepatitis B virus pX targets TFIIB in transcription coactivation
31. Architecture of RNA polymerase II and implications for the transcription mechanism
32. RNA polymerase subunit RPB5 plays a role in transcriptional activation
33. RMP, a novel RNA polymerase II subunit 5-interacting protein, counteracts transactivation by hepatitis B virus X protein
34. Direct interaction between the subunit RAP30 of TFIIF and RNA polymerase subunit 5 (RPB5) which contributes to the association between TFIIF and RNA polymerase II
35. HBV X protein alters the DNA binding specificity of CREB and ATF-2 by protein-protein interactions
36. The hepatitis B virus X protein targets the basic region-leucine zipper domain of CREB
37. The hepatitis B virus X protein enhances the DNA binding potential and transcription efficacy of bZip transcription factors
38. Human hepatitis B virus X protein augments the DNA binding of nuclear factor for IL-6 through its basic-leucine zipper domain
39. The hepatitis B pX protein promotes dimerization and DNA binding of cellular basic region/leucine zipper proteins by targeting the conserved basic region
40. Different regions of hepatitis B virus X protein are required for enhancement of bZip-mediated transactivation versus transrepression
41. Hepatitis B virus X protein activates transcription by bypassing CREB phosphorylation, not by stabilizing bZIP-DNA complexes
42. An exposed KID-like domain in human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 Tax is responsible for the recruitment of coactivators CBP/p300
43. Insight into the tumor suppressor function of CBP through the viral oncoprotein tax
44. Identification of multiple transcription factors, HLF, FTF, and E4BP4, controlling hepatitis B virus enhancer II
45. The hepatitis B virus X protein transactivates viral core gene expression in vivo
46. Transcriptional repression of human hepatitis B virus genes by a bZIP family member, E4BP4
47. Activation of RNA polymerase II transcription
48. Activation of Src family kinases by hepatitis B virus HBx protein and coupled signaling to Ras
49. Hepatitis B virus HBx protein sensitizes cells to apoptotic killing by tumor necrosis factor alpha
50. Hepatitis B virus X protein inhibits transforming growth factor-beta-induced apoptosis through the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway
51. The hepatitis B virus-X protein activates a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent survival signaling cascade
52. Human interleukin 6 gene is activated by hepatitis B virus-X protein in human hepatoma cells
53. Hepatitis B virus X protein transactivates the inducible nitric oxide synthase promoter
54. Expression of fas ligand in human hepatoma cell lines: Role of hepatitis-B virus X (HBX) in induction of Fas ligand
55. The hepatitis B virus X protein activates nuclear factor of activated T cells (NF-AT) by a cyclosporin A-sensitive pathway
56. Hepatitis B virus-X protein upregulates the expression of p21waf1/cip1 and prolongs G1 → S transition via a p53-independent pathway in human hepatoma cells
57. Galectin-3 expression is induced in cirrhotic liver and hepatocellular carcinoma
58. The translation initiation factor, hu-Suil may be a target of hepatitis B X antigen in hepatocarcinogenesis
59. Transcriptional repression of the human p53 gene by hepatitis B viral X protein
60. Differential immediate early gene expression in conditional hepatitis B virus pX-transforming versus nontransforming hepatocyte cell lines
61. Selective transcriptional regulations in the human liver cell by hepatitis B viral X protein
62. Genome-wide analysis of gene expression in human hepatocellular carcinomas using cDNA microarray: Identification of genes involved in viral carcinogenesis and tumor progression
63. Differential gene expression between chronic hepatitis B and C hepatic lesions
64. Direct binding of hepatitis B virus X protein and retinoid X receptor contributes to phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene transactivation
65. HBv x protein targets HIV Tat-binding protein 1
66. Proteasome complex as a potential cellular target of hepatitis B virus X protein
67. Cloning and characterization of a novel hepatitis B virus x binding protein that inhibits viral replications
68. Hepatitis B virus X protein is both a substrate and a potential inhibitor of the proteasome complex
69. HBx protein of hepatitis B virus activates Jak1-STAT signaling
70. X Protein of hepatitis B virus inhibits Fas-mediated apoptosis and is associated with upregulation of the SAPK/JNK pathway
71. Hepatitis B virus X protein and p53 tumor suppressor interactions in the modulation of apoptosis
72. The transactivation and p53-interaction functions of HBx are mutually interfering but distinct
73. Hepatitis B viral transactivator HBx alleviates p53-mediated repression of alpha-fetoprotein gene expression
74. HBV transcription repression in response to genotoxic stress is p53-dependent and abrogated by pX
75. Hepatitis B virus X protein interacts with a probable cellular DNA repair protein
76. Hepatitis B virus X protein interferes with cellular DNA repair
77. Interaction of the UV-damaged DNA-binding protein with hepatitis B virus X protein is conserved among mammalian hepadnaviruses and restricted to transactivation-proficient X-insertion mutants
78. UVDDB p127-binding modulates activities and intracellular distribution of hepatitis B virus X protein
79. Correct binding of viral X protein to UVDDB-p127 cellular protein is critical for efficient infection by hepatitis B viruses
80. Dissociation of DDB1-binding and transactivation properties of the hepatitis B virus X protein
81. Hepatitis B virus X protein inhibits nucleotide excision repair
82. Hepatitis B virus transactivator protein, HBx, associates with the components of TFIIH and stimulates the DNA helicase activity of TFIIH
83. HBx gene of hepatitis B virus induces liver cancer in transgenic mice
84. Incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in transgenic mice expressing the hepatitis B virus X-protein
85. p53-independent apoptotic effects of the hepatitis B virus HBx protein in vivo and in vitro
86. Increased sensitivity to the hepatocarcinogen diethylnitrosamine in transgenic mice carrying the hepatitis B virus X gene
87. Hepatitis B virus X protein acts as a tumor promoter in development of diethylnitrosamine-induced preneoplastic lesions
88. Expression of hepatitis B virus X protein does not alter the accumulation of spontaneous mutations in transgenic mice
89. Retroviral expression of the hepatitis B virus x gene promotes liver cell susceptibility to carcinogen-induced site specific mutagenesis
90. The hepatitis B virus HBx protein inhibits caspase 3 activity
91. Hepatitis B virus X protein protects against anti-Fas-mediated apoptosis in human liver cells by inducing NF-kappaB
92. Hepatitis B virus X mutant, present in hepatocellular carcinoma tissue abrogate both the antiproliferative and transactivation effects of HBx
93. The hepatitis B virus-X protein activates a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent survival signaling cascade
94. Induction of apoptosis after switch-on of the hepatitis B virus X gene mediated by the Cre/loxP recombination system
95. The proapoptotic effect of hepatitis B virus HBx protein correlates with its transactivation activity in stably transfected cell lines
96. Role of NF-kappaB and myc proteins in apoptosis induced by hepatitis B virus HBx protein
97. Induction of apoptosis by the transactivating domains of the hepatitis B virus X gene leads to suppression of oncogenic transformation of primary rat embryo fibroblasts
98. Activated ras oncogene collaborates with HBx gene of hepatitis B virus to transform cells by suppressing HBx-mediated apoptosis
99. Expression of mutated hepatitis B virus X genes in human hepatocellular carcinomas
100. Hepatitis B virus-X protein upregulates the expression of p21waf1/cip1 and prolongs G1 → S transition via a p53-independent pathway in human hepatoma cells
101. Hepatitis B virus HBx protein activation of cyclin A-cyclin-dependent kinase 2 complexes and G(1) transit via a Src kinase pathway
102. Telomere dynamics in cancer progression and prevention: Fundamental differences in human and mouse telomere biology
103. Transcriptional regulation through mediator-like coactivators in yeast and metazoan cells
104. Mediator of transcriptional regulation
105. Control of elongation by RNA polymerase II
106. A transcription reinitiation intermediate that is stabilized by activator