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Toluene with 5 mol% ethyl acetate was reported as an efficient solvent system for copper-catalyzed Ullman reaction by: Buchwald, et al. See
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Toluene with 5 mol% ethyl acetate was reported as an efficient solvent system for copper-catalyzed Ullman reaction by: Buchwald, et al. See: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 10539-10540.
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84992231309
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note
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This was accomplished by changing the solvent from pyridine to toluene with 5 mol% ethyl acetate. Details can be seen in Table 2.
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12
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84992246090
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note
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3 solution and 100 mL saturated NaCl solution. The final solution was dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate before being concentrated under reduced pressure to give ∼0.7 g product, yield 88%.
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