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3
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0027478570
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K. D. Craig, M. F. Whitfield, R. V. Grunau, J. Linton, H. D. Hadjistavropoulos, Pain 52, 287 (1993).
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(1993)
Pain
, vol.52
, pp. 287
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Craig, K.D.1
Whitfield, M.F.2
Grunau, R.V.3
Linton, J.4
Hadjistavropoulos, H.D.5
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4
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0005456889
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K. J. S. Anand and P. J. McGrath, Eds. Elsevier, New York
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K. J. S. Anand and P. J. McGrath, in Pain in Neonates, K. J. S. Anand and P. J. McGrath, Eds. (Elsevier, New York, 1993), pp. 1-18.
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(1993)
Pain in Neonates
, pp. 1-18
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Anand, K.J.S.1
McGrath, P.J.2
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6
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0031046446
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A. Taddio, J. Katz, A. L. Ilersich, G. Koren, Lancet 349, 599 (1997).
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(1997)
Lancet
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Taddio, A.1
Katz, J.2
Ilersich, A.L.3
Koren, G.4
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7
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0343842803
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note
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Sprague-Dawley male rat pups received a single injection of CFA (2: 1, CFA:saline) or saline on either PO, P1, P3, or P14 (25 μl in P0, P1, and P3 rat pups and 50 μl in P14 pups) into the left hind paw, or they were untreated. The animals matured undisturbed. Procedures were approved by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) Animal Care and Use Committee.
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9
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0343842801
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Adult animals (8 to 12 weeks) were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital, the sciatic nerves were exposed at midthigh, and WGA-HRP (250 μg) or β-HRP (30 μg) was microinjected bilaterally [C. C. LaMotte, S. E. Kapadia, C. M. Shapiro, J. Comp. Neurol. 311, 546 (1991)]. Forty-eight hours later, they were anesthetized and perfused transcardially with 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). The spinal cord was removed, postfixed, and transferred to 30% sucrose. Tissue was cut into 30-μm sections on a cryostat and processed with the tetramethylbenzidine method [M. M. Mesulam, J. Histochem. Cytochem. 26, 106 (1978)]. Evaluation of labeling was performed blind. Sections were photographed onto Ektachrome 64T transparency film and scanned into Adobe Photoshop 5.0.
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10
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0343842802
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Web fig. 1 is available at www.sciencemag.org/ feature/data/1051450.shl.
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0342537334
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Tissue sections from the L4-5, L5-6, and L6-S1 spinal segments, six sections each, from neonatal treated (n = 4) and untreated rats (n = 2) were digitized (9) and analyzed with NIH image 1.62. The relative density of labeling was measured in a 300 μm by 200 μm rectangle placed over the dorsal horn beginning at the dorsal root entry zone and continuing medially. The most caudal sections were not included in the analysis as the contralateral dorsal horn was devoid of labeling. To normalize the data, we measured background in lamina VII and subtracted it from the dorsal horn values. Relative density was graphed as the percentage of increase with the use of the formula left minus right side density divided by the right side density multiplied by 100. Data were analyzed with repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA).
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0342971596
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At 8 weeks of age, neonatal CFA-treated rats (n = 3) were perfused and tissue sectioned (9). Adjacent sections were incubated in a rabbit polyclonal antibody to CGRP (1:200,000) or in biotinylated 1B4 lectin (1 μg/ml). Labeling was visualized with standard avidin-biotin methodology with 0.05% 3,3′-diaminobenizidine tetrahydrochloride as the chromagen.
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14
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0023924046
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At 8 to 10 weeks of age, baseline paw withdrawal latency of the left and right hind paw to a radiant heat source [K. Hargreaves, R. Dubner, F. Brown, C. Flores, J. Joris, Pain 32, 77 (1988)] was determined in neonatal treated (n = 9) and untreated (n = 9) rats. Withdrawal latency was tested again 24 hours after an injection of 200 μl of CFA (1:1) into the adult rat left hind paw for five times at intervals of 5 min. Latency was calculated as the mean excluding the first, familiarization trial and presented as means ± SEM. Significance was determined with ANOVA and a t test.
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15
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0342971595
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Pain behavior was assessed in adult neonatal treated (n = 10) and untreated (n = 7) rats after intraplantar injection of 1.5% formalin (50 μl) in the left hind paw. Weighted pain scores, representing the time spent licking, lifting, and favoring the injected paw, were quantified every 5 min for 60 min after injection (8). Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests. To quantify the shift in the time course of the response, we calculated the median of the late phase of pain behavior [the midpoint of the distribution from the local minimum (interphase) to the terminal observation interval] for each rat and subjected it to ANOVA.
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0343842800
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Dorsal horn extracellular single-unit discharges were recorded in the lumbar enlargement of adult neonatal treated (n = 5; 120 neurons) and untreated (n = 5; 147 neurons) rats anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital, immobilized with pancuronium bromide, and mechanically ventilated. Spontaneous activity and activity evoked by nonnoxious brushing with a camel's hair brush and noxious pinch applied with an arterial clamp were assessed. Means of three stimulations (applied for 10 s at 10-s intervals) were calculated with Spike2 software. Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests.
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0028073453
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J. Constantinou, M. L. Reynolds, C. J. Woolf, B. Safieh-Garabedian, M. Fitzgerald, Neuroreport 5, 2281 (1994).
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(1994)
Neuroreport
, vol.5
, pp. 2281
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Constantinou, J.1
Reynolds, M.L.2
Woolf, C.J.3
Safieh-Garabedian, B.4
Fitzgerald, M.5
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