Hyperbranched porphyrins - A rapid synthetic approach to multiporphyrin macromolecules

Chemical Communications

Volumn , Issue 4, 2000, Pages 313-314

  Hecht, Stefan ^a   Emrick, Todd ^a   Fréchet, Jean M J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PORPHYRIN;

ARTICLE; CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; POLYMERIZATION; SYNTHESIS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 0034696219     PISSN: 13597345     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1039/a909258g     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. For larger branched covalent multiporphyrin arrays, see: D. L. Officer, A. K. Burrell and D. C. W. Reid, Chem. Commun., 1996, 1657; C. C. Mak, N. Bampos and J. K. M. Sanders, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 1998, 37, 3020; C. C. Mak, D. Pomeranc, M. Montalti, L. Prodi and J. K. M. Sanders, Chem. Commun., 1999, 1083; C. C. Mak, N. Bampos and J. K. M. Sanders, Chem. Commun., 1999, 1085; A. Nakano, A. Osuka, I. Yamasaki, T. Yamasaki and Y. Nishimura, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 1998, 37, 3023; H. A. M. Biemans, A. E. Rowan, A. Verhoeven, P. Vanoppen, L. Latterini, J. Foekema, A. P. H. J. Schenning, E. W. Meijer, F. C. de Schryver and R. J. M. Nolte, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1998, 120, 11 054; R. Dagani, Chem. Eng. News, 1999, (11/1), 9.
2. For larger branched covalent multiporphyrin arrays, see: D. L. Officer, A. K. Burrell and D. C. W. Reid, Chem. Commun., 1996, 1657; C. C. Mak, N. Bampos and J. K. M. Sanders, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 1998, 37, 3020; C. C. Mak, D. Pomeranc, M. Montalti, L. Prodi and J. K. M. Sanders, Chem. Commun., 1999, 1083; C. C. Mak, N. Bampos and J. K. M. Sanders, Chem. Commun., 1999, 1085; A. Nakano, A. Osuka, I. Yamasaki, T. Yamasaki and Y. Nishimura, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 1998, 37, 3023; H. A. M. Biemans, A. E. Rowan, A. Verhoeven, P. Vanoppen, L. Latterini, J. Foekema, A. P. H. J. Schenning, E. W. Meijer, F. C. de Schryver and R. J. M. Nolte, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1998, 120, 11 054; R. Dagani, Chem. Eng. News, 1999, (11/1), 9.
3. For larger branched covalent multiporphyrin arrays, see: D. L. Officer, A. K. Burrell and D. C. W. Reid, Chem. Commun., 1996, 1657; C. C. Mak, N. Bampos and J. K. M. Sanders, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 1998, 37, 3020; C. C. Mak, D. Pomeranc, M. Montalti, L. Prodi and J. K. M. Sanders, Chem. Commun., 1999, 1083; C. C. Mak, N. Bampos and J. K. M. Sanders, Chem. Commun., 1999, 1085; A. Nakano, A. Osuka, I. Yamasaki, T. Yamasaki and Y. Nishimura, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 1998, 37, 3023; H. A. M. Biemans, A. E. Rowan, A. Verhoeven, P. Vanoppen, L. Latterini, J. Foekema, A. P. H. J. Schenning, E. W. Meijer, F. C. de Schryver and R. J. M. Nolte, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1998, 120, 11 054; R. Dagani, Chem. Eng. News, 1999, (11/1), 9.
4. For larger branched covalent multiporphyrin arrays, see: D. L. Officer, A. K. Burrell and D. C. W. Reid, Chem. Commun., 1996, 1657; C. C. Mak, N. Bampos and J. K. M. Sanders, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 1998, 37, 3020; C. C. Mak, D. Pomeranc, M. Montalti, L. Prodi and J. K. M. Sanders, Chem. Commun., 1999, 1083; C. C. Mak, N. Bampos and J. K. M. Sanders, Chem. Commun., 1999, 1085; A. Nakano, A. Osuka, I. Yamasaki, T. Yamasaki and Y. Nishimura, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 1998, 37, 3023; H. A. M. Biemans, A. E. Rowan, A. Verhoeven, P. Vanoppen, L. Latterini, J. Foekema, A. P. H. J. Schenning, E. W. Meijer, F. C. de Schryver and R. J. M. Nolte, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1998, 120, 11 054; R. Dagani, Chem. Eng. News, 1999, (11/1), 9.
5. For larger branched covalent multiporphyrin arrays, see: D. L. Officer, A. K. Burrell and D. C. W. Reid, Chem. Commun., 1996, 1657; C. C. Mak, N. Bampos and J. K. M. Sanders, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 1998, 37, 3020; C. C. Mak, D. Pomeranc, M. Montalti, L. Prodi and J. K. M. Sanders, Chem. Commun., 1999, 1083; C. C. Mak, N. Bampos and J. K. M. Sanders, Chem. Commun., 1999, 1085; A. Nakano, A. Osuka, I. Yamasaki, T. Yamasaki and Y. Nishimura, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 1998, 37, 3023; H. A. M. Biemans, A. E. Rowan, A. Verhoeven, P. Vanoppen, L. Latterini, J. Foekema, A. P. H. J. Schenning, E. W. Meijer, F. C. de Schryver and R. J. M. Nolte, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1998, 120, 11 054; R. Dagani, Chem. Eng. News, 1999, (11/1), 9.
6. For larger branched covalent multiporphyrin arrays, see: D. L. Officer, A. K. Burrell and D. C. W. Reid, Chem. Commun., 1996, 1657; C. C. Mak, N. Bampos and J. K. M. Sanders, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 1998, 37, 3020; C. C. Mak, D. Pomeranc, M. Montalti, L. Prodi and J. K. M. Sanders, Chem. Commun., 1999, 1083; C. C. Mak, N. Bampos and J. K. M. Sanders, Chem. Commun., 1999, 1085; A. Nakano, A. Osuka, I. Yamasaki, T. Yamasaki and Y. Nishimura, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 1998, 37, 3023; H. A. M. Biemans, A. E. Rowan, A. Verhoeven, P. Vanoppen, L. Latterini, J. Foekema, A. P. H. J. Schenning, E. W. Meijer, F. C. de Schryver and R. J. M. Nolte, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1998, 120, 11 054; R. Dagani, Chem. Eng. News, 1999, (11/1), 9.
7. For larger branched covalent multiporphyrin arrays, see: D. L. Officer, A. K. Burrell and D. C. W. Reid, Chem. Commun., 1996, 1657; C. C. Mak, N. Bampos and J. K. M. Sanders, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 1998, 37, 3020; C. C. Mak, D. Pomeranc, M. Montalti, L. Prodi and J. K. M. Sanders, Chem. Commun., 1999, 1083; C. C. Mak, N. Bampos and J. K. M. Sanders, Chem. Commun., 1999, 1085; A. Nakano, A. Osuka, I. Yamasaki, T. Yamasaki and Y. Nishimura, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 1998, 37, 3023; H. A. M. Biemans, A. E. Rowan, A. Verhoeven, P. Vanoppen, L. Latterini, J. Foekema, A. P. H. J. Schenning, E. W. Meijer, F. C. de Schryver and R. J. M. Nolte, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1998, 120, 11 054; R. Dagani, Chem. Eng. News, 1999, (11/1), 9.
8. For a recent discussion, see: M. Freemantle, Chem. Eng. News, 1998, (10/26), 37; 1999, (11/1), 27.
9. For a recent discussion, see: M. Freemantle, Chem. Eng. News, 1998, (10/26), 37; 1999, (11/1), 27.
10. For a comprehensive review on dendrimers, consult: G. R. Newkome, C. N. Moorefield and F. Vögtle, Dendritic Molecules: Concepts, Synthesis, Perspectives, VCH, Weinheim, 1996.
11. A first generation porphyrin dendrimer has recently been described: T. Norsten and N. Branda, Chem. Commun., 1998, 1257.
12. Comprehensive reviews of hyperbranched polymers include: Y. H. Kim, J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem., 1998, 36, 1685; J. M. J. Fréchet and C. J. Hawker, in Comprehensive Polymer Science, 2nd Suppl., ed. S. L. Aggarwal and S. Russo, Pergamon, 1996, pp. 71-132.
13. Comprehensive reviews of hyperbranched polymers include: Y. H. Kim, J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem., 1998, 36, 1685; J. M. J. Fréchet and C. J. Hawker, in Comprehensive Polymer Science, 2nd Suppl., ed. S. L. Aggarwal and S. Russo, Pergamon, 1996, pp. 71-132.
14. T. Emrick, H.-T. Chang and J. M. J. Fréchet, Macromolecules, 1999, 32, 6380.
15. 2 monomer have been reported recently: H.-T. Chang and J. M. J. Fréchet, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1999, 121, 2313.
16. T. Kita, M. Yokota, A. Masuyama, Y. Nakatsuji and M. Okahara, Synthesis, 1993, 487.
17. Related linear polyethers containing porphyrin units in the main chain have been reported by: E. Scamporrino and D. Vitalini, Macromolecules, 1992, 25, 2625; 1992, 25, 6605.
18. Related linear polyethers containing porphyrin units in the main chain have been reported by: E. Scamporrino and D. Vitalini, Macromolecules, 1992, 25, 2625; 1992, 25, 6605.
19. Strong electronic coupling has been observed for linear conjugated multiporphyrin arrays: V. S.-Y. Lin, S. G. Di Magno and M. J. Therien, Science, 1994, 264, 1105; P. N. Taylor, J. Huuskonen, G. Rumbles, R. Aplin, E. Williams and H. L. Anderson, Chem. Commun., 1998, 909.
20. Strong electronic coupling has been observed for linear conjugated multiporphyrin arrays: V. S.-Y. Lin, S. G. Di Magno and M. J. Therien, Science, 1994, 264, 1105; P. N. Taylor, J. Huuskonen, G. Rumbles, R. Aplin, E. Williams and H. L. Anderson, Chem. Commun., 1998, 909.
21. A hyperbranched polymer containing carbazole units has been used in an electroluminescence application: X.-T. Tao, Y.-D. Zhang, T. Wada, H. Sasabe, H. Suzuki, T. Watanabe and S. Miyata, Adv. Mater., 1998, 10, 226.