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0028841523
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For evidence that in the natural process the formation of the C-ring occurs by closing of a five-membered ring, followed by ring expansion, see: a) E. J. Corey, S. C. Virgil, H. Cheng, C. H. Baker, S. P. Matsuda, V. Singh, S. Sarshar, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 11819-11820;
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Singh, V.6
Sarshar, S.7
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16
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c) E. J. Corey, H. Cheng, C. H. Baker, S. P. T. Matsuda, D. Li, X. Song, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 1289-1296;
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Corey, E.J.1
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D, L.5
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Hoshino, T.1
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18
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0343270387
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note
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The numbering used is consistent with the usual steroid numbering.
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19
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0029066368
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For a previous model study, see: K. Berckmoes, P.J. De Clercq, D. Viterbo, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 5857-5858.
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Berckmoes, K.1
De Clercq, P.J.2
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20
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0343270388
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note
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1 more steric energy in the five-membered (Markovnikov) than in the six-membered (anti-Markovnikov) C-ring (see supplementary material to ref. [11]).
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21
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0343705909
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note
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Relevant procedures and spectroscopic data are given as Supporting Information.
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22
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0342835476
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note
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Cristallographic data (excluding structure factors) for the structures reported in this paper have been deposited with the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre as supplementary publication no. CCDC-140162 (9c) and -140169 (12a). Copies of the data can be obtained free of charge on application to CCDC, 12 Union Road. Cambridge CB21EZ, UK (fax: (+ 44) 1223-336-033; e-mail: deposit@ ccdc.cam.ac.uk).
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23
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0001418150
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(E.d.: J. D. Morrison), Academic Press, New York
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For reviews on polyene cyclizations, see: a) P. A. Bartlett in Asymmetric Synthesis. Vol. 3 (E.d.: J. D. Morrison), Academic Press, New York, 1984, pp. 341-409;
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Bartlett, P.A.1
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25
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0000399910
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For an early example of six-membered C-ring formation involving quaternary centers at C8 and C14, but in which the D-ring is preformed, see: E. E. van Tamelen, R. G. Lees, A. Grieder, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 2255-2256.
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Van Tamelen, E.E.1
Lees, R.G.2
Grieder, A.3
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26
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0041195457
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and references therein
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M. Nishizawa, H. Takao, Y. Iwamoto, H. Yamada, H. Imagawa, Synlett 1998, 76-80, and references therein.
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Nishizawa, M.1
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Imagawa, H.5
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27
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0033548169
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For the crystal structure of squalene-hopene cyclase from A. acidocaldarius, see: K. U. Wendt, A. Lenhart, G. E. Schulz, J. Mol. Biol. 1999, 286, 175-187.
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