Multidecadal changes in the vertical temperature structure of the tropical troposphere

Science

Volumn 287, Issue 5456, 2000, Pages 1242-1245

  Gaffen, Dian J ^a   Santer, Benjamin D ^b   Boyle, James S ^b   Christy, John R ^c   Graham, Nicholas E ^d   Ross, Rebecca J ^a  

^a NOAA EARTH SYSTEM RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

^b LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA IN HUNTSVILLE   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AIR-SEA INTERACTION; TEMPERATURE; TEMPORAL VARIATION; TROPOSPHERE;

AIR TEMPERATURE; ARTICLE; ATMOSPHERE; CLIMATE; METEOROLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEASONAL VARIATION; TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT; TROPOSPHERE;

EID: 0034681553     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.287.5456.1242     Document Type: Article

References (40)

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38. The three coupled ocean-atmosphere models are the Parallel Climate Model (PCM), the Climate System Model (CSM), and Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie ECHAM4/OPYC model. Based on the distributions of lapse-rate trend values in each model run, Fig. 2C shows the ranges, encompassing 95% of the distribution. Monthly layer mean lapse rates were computed in the same manner as the observations, but with monthly mean temperatures and heights at 700 hPa, 2-m (surface) air temperature, and the models' surface elevation. L. Bengtsson, E. Roeckner, and M. Stendel (15) discuss the ECHAM4 model; B. A. Boville and P. R. Gent [J. Clim. 11, 1115 (1998)] describe the CSM; and the PCM is discussed by W. M. Washington et al. (Clim. Dyn., in press).
39. The three coupled ocean-atmosphere models are the Parallel Climate Model (PCM), the Climate System Model (CSM), and Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie ECHAM4/OPYC model. Based on the distributions of lapse-rate trend values in each model run, Fig. 2C shows the ranges, encompassing 95% of the distribution. Monthly layer mean lapse rates were computed in the same manner as the observations, but with monthly mean temperatures and heights at 700 hPa, 2-m (surface) air temperature, and the models' surface elevation. L. Bengtsson, E. Roeckner, and M. Stendel (15) discuss the ECHAM4 model; B. A. Boville and P. R. Gent [J. Clim. 11, 1115 (1998)] describe the CSM; and the PCM is discussed by W. M. Washington et al. (Clim. Dyn., in press).
40. We are grateful to L. Bengtsson, E. Roeckner, and M. Esch (Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie) for supplying the ECHAM3 model and the ECHAM4/OPYC simulations; T. Wigley [National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)] for the CSM simulations; G. Meehl (NCAR) for the PCM simulations; M. Tyree (Scripps Institution of Oceanography) for performing ECHAM3 model runs; and J. Angell and M. Free (NOAA) for beneficial discussions.