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-1. The trajectory of the stimulus covered 4° of the visual angle; the inner diameter of the moving ring and outer diameter of the flashed disk were 1°. All stimuli were programmed in C on a Silicon Graphics workstation, with a monitor refresh rate of 72 Hz = 13.3 ms/frame.
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-1) with proportionally scaled results (displacement for the continuous case, 3.3° ± 1.3°; for the stopped case, -0.3° ± 0.6°; for the reversed case, -4.5° ± 0.6°; n = 8).
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Results are the same when the ring appears for only six frames after the appearance of the flash, as opposed to remaining on screen until the end of the trial (n = 2 of the 6 participants).
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This method of estimating a value in a time series by using values from the future is known as smoothing in the engineering literature and has recently been appreciated as a useful strategy for many systems (R. P. Rao, D. M. Eagleman, T. J. Sejnowski, in preparation).
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Demonstrations of the stimuli and supplemental information can be found at www.cnl.salk.edu/ ~eagleman/flashlag.
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We thank R. Rao, T. Wachtler, F. Crick, O. Braddick, T. Albright, and A. Messinger for helpful discussions. Supported by the Sloan Center for Theoretical Neurobiology and by an National Institute of Mental Health training grant in cognitive neuroscience.
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