Esterification of benzoic acid in microwave tubular flow reactor

Chemical Engineering Journal

Volumn 76, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 239-245

  Pipus, G ^a   Plazl, I ^a   Koloini, T ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LJUBLJANA   (Slovenia)

Author keywords

Esterification; Ion exchange resins; Microwave heating

Indexed keywords

CARBOXYLIC ACIDS; CATALYSIS; CHEMICAL REACTORS; ETHANOL; ION EXCHANGE RESINS; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; MICROWAVE DEVICES; SULFURIC ACID;

BENZOIC ACID; TUBULAR FLOW REACTOR;

ESTERIFICATION;

BENZYL DERIVATIVE; ESTER; ION EXCHANGE; MICROWAVE RADIATION; RESIN; TUBULAR REACTOR;

EID: 0034654217     PISSN: 13858947     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1385-8947(99)00171-0     Document Type: Article

References (20)

1. Abramovitch R. Applications of microwave-energy in organic chemistry: a review. Org. Prep. Proceed. Int. 23:1991;685-710.
2. Mingos D.M.P., Baghurst D.R. Applications of microwave dielectric heating effects to synthetic problems in chemistry. Chem. Soc. Rev. 20:1991;1.
3. Toma S. Use of microwave radiation in organic synthesis. Chem. Listy. 87:1993;627-644.
4. Whittaker A., Mingos D.M.P. The applications of microwave heating to chemical synthesis. J. Microwave Power Electromagn. Energy. 29:1994;195-219.
5. Majetich G., Hicks R. The use of microwave heating to promote organic reactions. J. Microwave Power Electromagn. Energy. 30:1995;27-45.
6. Caddick S. Microwave assisted organic reaction. Tetrahedron. 51:1995;10403-10432.
7. Gedye R., Smith F., Westaway K.C., Ali H., Baldisera L., Laberge L., Rousell J. The use of microwave ovens for rapid organic synthesis. Tetrahedron Lett. 27:1986;279-282.
8. Gedye R., Smith F., Westaway K.C. The rapid synthesis of organic compounds in microwave ovens. Can. J. Chem. 66:1988;17-25.
9. Plazl I. Esterification of benzoic acid with ethanol by conventional and microwave heating in stirred tank reactor. Acta Chimica Slovenica. 41:1994;437-445.
10. C.T. Chen, S.H. Chiou, K.T. Wang, Preparative scale organic synthesis using a kitchen microwave oven, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. (1990) 807-809.
11. Yadav G.D., Mehta P.H. Heterogeneous catalysis in esterification reactions: preparation of phenethyl acetate and cyclohexyl acetate by using a variety of solid acidic catalysts. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 33:1994;2198-2207.
12. Xu Z.P., Chuang K.T. Kinetics of acetic acid esterification over ion exchange catalysts. The Canadian J. Chem. Eng. 74:1996;493-500.
13. Amberlyst 15 WET, Ion Exchange Resins, Rohm and Haas, product data sheet.
14. McCrackem D.J., Dickson P.F. Reaction kinetics of cyclohexanol - acetic acid esterification. Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 6:1967;286-293.
15. J.M. Smith, Chemical Engineering Kinetics, 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1981.
16. O. Levenspiel, Chemical Reactor Engineering, 2nd Edition, Wiley, New York, 1972.
17. G.F. Froment, K.B. Bischoff, Chemical reactor Analysis and Design, Wiley, New York, 1979.
18. Ayappa K.G. Modeling transport processes during microwave heating: a review. Reviews in Chemical Engineering. 13:1997;1-69.
19. Plazl I., Pipus G., Koloini T. Microwave heating of the continuous flow catalytic reactor in a nonuniform electric field. AIChE J. 43:1997;754-760.
20. Gabriel C., Gabriel S., Grant E.H., Halstead B.S.J., Mingos D.M.P. Dielectric parameters relevant to dielectric heating. Chemical Society Reviews. 27:1998;213-223.