Prognostic factors for time receiving workers' compensation benefits in a cohort of patients with low back pain

Spine

Volumn 25, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 147-157

  McIntosh, Greg ^a,b,d   Frank, John ^a,c   Hogg Johnson, Sheilah ^a,c   Bombardier, Claire ^a,c   Hall, Hamilton ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^b Canadian Back Institute   (Canada)

^c INSTITUTE FOR WORK AND HEALTH   (Canada)

^d NONE   (Canada)

Author keywords

Back pain; Cox regression; Inception; Prognosis; Workers' compensation

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BUILDING INDUSTRY; CANADA; CHRONICITY; COST; DATA BASE; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; HUMAN; LOW BACK PAIN; PAIN ASSESSMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; QUESTIONNAIRE; SENESCENCE; SURVIVAL TIME; WORKMAN COMPENSATION;

ADULT; FEMALE; FORECASTING; HUMANS; LOGISTIC MODELS; LOW BACK PAIN; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; PROGNOSIS; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; QUESTIONNAIRES; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; WORKERS' COMPENSATION;

EID: 0034650481     PISSN: 03622436     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00007632-200001150-00003     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Abenhaim L, Suissa S. Importance and economic burden of occupational back pain: A study of 2,500 cases representative of Quebec. J Occup Med 1987; 29:670-4.
2. Allison PD. Survival analysis using the SAS system: A practical guide. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc., 1995.
3. Baldwin ML, Johnson WG, Butler RJ. The error of using returns-to-work to measure the outcomes of health care. Am J Ind Med 1996;29:632-41.
4. Beaton D. Examining the clinical course of work related musculoskeletal disorders of the upper extremity using the Ontario Workers' Compensation Board administrative database. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1995.
5. Beckmann D, Curington W. Workers' compensation benefits and the duration of absence. Fayetteville, AR: College of Business Administration, University of Arkansas, February 1990.
6. Burton AK, Erg E. Back injury and work loss. Biomechanical and psychosocial influences. Spine 1997;22:2575-80.
7. Burton AK, Tillotson KM, Main CJ, Hollis S. Psychosocial predictors of outcome in acute and subchronic low back pain trouble. Spine 1995;20:722-8.
8. Cantor AB. Extending SAS survival analysis techniques for medical research. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc., 1997.
9. Cheadle A, Franklin G, Wolfhagen C et al. Factors influencing the duration of work-related disability: A population based study of Washington State Workers' Compensation. Am J Public Health 1994;84:190-6.
10. Cherkin DC, Deyo RA, Street JH, Barlow W. Predicting poor outcomes for back pain seen in primary care using patients' own criteria. Spine 1996;21: 2900-7.
11. Collett D. Modelling survival data in medical research. London: Chapman and Hall, 1994.
12. Coste J, Delecoeuillerie G, Cohen De Lara A, Le Parc JM, Paolaggi J. Clinical course and prognostic factors in acute low back pain: An inception cohort study in primary care practice. BMJ 1994;308:577-80.
13. Crook J, Moldofsky H. The probability of recovery and return to work from work disability as a function of time. Qual Life Res 1994;3(Suppl 1):S97-109.
14. Dionne CE, Koepsell TD, Von Korff M et al. Predicting long-term functional limitations among back pain patients in primary care settings. J Clin Epidemiol 1997;30:31-43.
15. Dudley RA, Harrell FE Jr, Smith LR, et al. Comparison of analytic models for estimating the effect of clinical factors on the cost of coronary artery bypass graft surgery. J Clin Epidemiol 1993;46:261-71.
16. Fletcher RH, Fletcher SW, Wagner EH. Clinical Epidemiology: The Essentials. 2nd ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1988.
17. Frank JW, Sinclair S, Hogg-Johnson S, et al. Preventing disability from work-related low-back pain: New evidence gives new hope - if we can just get all the players onside. Can Med Assoc J 1998;158:1625-31.
18. Frank JW, Hudak PL, Cole DC. Using prognosis research ethically. Toronto, Canada: Institute for Work & Health working paper, 1998.
19. Frank JW, Brooker AS, Demaio S, et al. Disability resulting from occupational low hack pain. Part I. What do we know about primary prevention? A review of the scientific evidence on prevention before disability begins. Spine 1996;21:2908-17.
20. Frank JW, Brooker AS, Demaio S, et al. Disability resulting from occupational low back pain. Part II : What do we know about secondary prevention? A review of the scientific evidence on prevention after disability begins. Spine 1996; 21:2918-29.
21. Frank JW, Pulcins IR, Kerr MS, Shannon HS, Stansfeld SA. Occupational back pain-an unhelpful polemic. Scand J Work Environ Health 1995;21:3-14.
22. Gatchel R, Polatin PB, Kinney RK. Predicting outcome of chronic back pain using clinical predictors of psychopathology: A prospective analysis. Health Psychol 1995;14:415-20.
23. Gluck JV, Oleinick A. Claim rates of compensable back injuries by age, gender, occupation, and industry. Do they relate to return-to-work experience? Spine 1998;23:1572-87.
24. Greenough CG, Fraser RD. Assessment of outcome in patients with low back pain. Spine 1992;17:36-41.
25. Haidar H. Expressing effect estimates of predictors of return to work. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1997.
26. Hall H, McIntosh G, Melles T. A different approach to back pain diagnosis: Identifying a pattern of pain. Can J Continuing Med Educ 1994;6:31-42.
27. Hall H. A simple approach to back-pain management. Patient Care 1992; 15:77-91.
28. Hall H. Examination of the patient with low back pain. Bull Rheum Dis 1983;33:1-8.
29. Harrell FE, Lee KL, Mark DB. Tutorial in biostatistics: Multivariable prognostic models: Issues in developing models, evaluating assumptions and adequacy, and measuring and reducing errors. Stat Med 1996;15:361-87.
30. Harrell FE, Lee KL, Califf RM, Pryor DB, Rosati RA. Regression modeling strategies for improved prognostic prediction. Stat Med 1984;3:143-52.
31. Harrell FE, Califf RM, Pryor DB, Lee KL, Rosati RA. Evaluating the yield of medical tests. JAMA 1982;247:2543-46.
32. Hasenbring M, Marienfeld G, Kuhlendahl D, Soyka D. Risk factors of chronicity in lumbar disc patients: A prospective investigation of biologic, psychologic, and social predictors of therapy outcome. Spine 1994;19:2759-65.
33. Hazard RG, Haugh LD, Reid S, Preble JB, MacDonald L. Early prediction of chronic disability after occupational low back injury. Spine 1996;21:945-51.
34. Hogg-Johnson S, Cole DC. Early prognostic factors for duration on benefits among workers with compensated occupational soft tissue injuries. Toronto, Canada: Institute for Work & Health, unpublished Working Paper #64, 1998.
35. Hogg-Johnson SA, Frank JW, Rael E. Prognostic risk factor models for low back pain: Why they have failed and a new hypothesis. Toronto, Canada: Institute for Work and Health, Working paper 19, 1994.
36. Indahl A, Velund L, Reikeraas O. Good prognosis for low back pain when left untampered: A randomized clinical trial. Spine 1995;20:473-7.
37. International Epidemiological Association. Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences. Ethics and epidemiology: International guidelines. Int J Epidemiol 1990;19:226-30.
38. Kleinbaum DG. Survival Analysis: A Self Learning Text. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1996.
39. Kleinbaum DG, Kupper LL, Muller KE. Applied Regression Analysis and Other Multivariable Methods. Boston: PWS-Kent Publishing Co., 1988.
40. Klenerman L, Slade PD, Stanley M et al. The prediction of chronicity in patients with a acute attack of low back pain in a general practice setting. Spine 1995;20:478-84.
41. Lehmann TR, Spratt KF, Lehmann KK. Predicting long term disability in low back injured workers presenting to a spine consultant. Spine 1993;18:1103-12.
42. Lilienfeld DE, Stolley PD. Foundations of Epidemiology. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994:68-71.
43. Lynch M. The duration of invalidity benefits claims: A proportional hazard model. Appl Econ 1991;23:1043-52.
44. Mayer TG, Gatchel RJ, Mayer H, Kishino N, Keeley J, Mooney V. A prospective two year study of functional restoration in industrial low back injury. JAMA 1987;258:1763-67.
45. Mayer TG, Gatchel RJ, Kishino ND, et al. A prospective short term study of chronic low back patients using a novel objective functional measurement. Pain 1986;25:53-68.
46. Mayer TG, Gatchel RJ, Kishino N, Keeley J, Mooney V. Objective assessment of spine function following industrial injury: A prospective study with comparison group and 1 year follow up. Spine 1985;10:482-93.
47. McGill CM. Industrial back problems: A control program. J Occup Med 1968;10:174-78.
48. McKenzie R. The Lumbar Spine Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy. Waikanae, New Zealand: Spinal Publications Ltd., 1981.
49. Miettinen OS. Theoretical Epidemiology. John Wiley & Sons New York, 1985:231-3.
50. Oleinick A, Gluck JV, Guire KE. Factors affecting first return to work following a compensable occupational back injury. Am J Ind Med 1996;30:540-55.
51. Quality Management System for Soft Tissue Injuries (QMS-STI). A joint pilot project with rehabilitation providers in Ontario and the Institute for Work and Health. Toronto, Canada: Institute for Work and Health, 1998.
52. Rossignol M, Suissa S, Abenhaim L. Working disability due to occupational back pain: Three year follow up of 2,300 compensated workers in Quebec. J Occup Med 1988;30:502-5.
53. Sackett DL. Bias in analytical research. J Chron Dis 1979;32:51-63.
54. Schemper M. The relative importance of prognostic factors in the study of survival. Stat Med 1993;12:2377-82.
55. Sinclair S, Hogg-Johnson SA, Mondloch MV, Shields SA. The effectiveness of an early active intervention program for workers with soft-tissue injuries: Early claimant cohort study. Spine 1997;22:2219-31.
56. Spengler DM, Bigos SJ, Martin NA, et al. Back injuries in industry: A retrospective study. I. Overview and cost analysis. Spine 1986;11:241-5.
57. Spitzer WO, Leblanc FE, Dupuis M. Scientific approach to the assessment and management of activity-related spinal disorders: A monograph for clinicians. Report of the Quebec task force on spinal disorders. Spine 1987;12:1-59.
58. Troup JDG, Foreman TK, Baxter CE, Brown D. The perception of back pain and the role of psychophysical tests of lifting capacity. Spine 1987;12:645-57.
59. Uomoto JM, Turner JA, Herron LD. Use of the MMPI and MCMI in predicting outcome of lumbar laminectomy. J Clin Psychol 1988;44:191-97.
60. Waddell G. A new clinical model for the treatment of low back pain. Spine 1987;12:632-44.
61. Waddell G, Mcculloch JA, Kummel E, Venner RM. Non organic physical signs in low backpain. Spine 1980;5:117-25.