Myocardial infarction in treated hypertensive patients: The paradox of lower incidence but higher mortality in young blacks compared with whites

Circulation

Volumn 101, Issue 10, 2000, Pages 1109-1114

  Alderman, Michael H ^a   Cohen, Hillel W ^a   Madhavan, Shantha ^a  

^a ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Hypertension; Mortality; Myocardial infarction; Race

Indexed keywords

ALPHA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; DIURETIC AGENT; HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE; PROPRANOLOL;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BLOOD PRESSURE REGULATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIABETES MELLITUS; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HEART INFARCTION; HEART MUSCLE REVASCULARIZATION; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; INCIDENCE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RACE DIFFERENCE; SMOKING; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 0034646221     PISSN: 00097322     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.101.10.1109     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. McGovern PG, Pankow JS, Shahar E, Doliszny KM, Folsom AR, Blackburn H. Luepker RV, for the Minnesota Heart Survey Investigators. Recent trends in acute coronary heart disease: mortality, morbidity, medical care, and risk factors. N Engl J Med. 1996;234:884-980.
2. Gillum RF, Folsom AR, Blackburn H. Decline in coronary heart disease mortality: old questions and new facts. Am J Med. 1984;76:1055-1065.
3. Pell S, Fayerweather W. Trends in incidence of myocardial infarction and in associated mortality and morbidity in a large employed population, 1957-1983. N Engl J Med. 1985;312:1005-1011.
4. Cooper R, Stamler J, Dyer A, Garside D. The decline in mortality from coronary heart disease, U S A, 1968-1975. J Chronic Dis. 1978;31: 709-720.
5. Havilk RJ, Feinleib M, eds. Proceedings of the Conference on the Decline in Coronary Heart Disease Mortality. Washington, DC: Department of Health, Education, and Welfare; 1979. National Institutes of Health publication 79-1610.
6. Stern MP. The recent decline in ischemic heart disease mortality. Ann Intern Med. 1979;91:630-640.
7. Nicholls ES, Jung J, Davies JW. Cardiovascular disease mortality in Canada. Can Med Assoc J. 1981;125:981-992.
8. Marmot M, Booth M, Beral V. Changes in heart disease mortality in England and Wales and other countries. Health Trends. 1981;13:33-38.
9. Keil JE, Saunders DE Jr, Lackland DT, Weinrich MC, Hudson MB, Gastright JA, Baroody NB, O'Bryan EC Jr, Zmyslinski RW. Acute myocardial infarction: period prevalence, case fatality, and comparison of black and white cases in urban and rural areas of South Carolina. Am Heart J. 1985;109:776-784.
10. Goff DC Jr, Ramsey DJ, Labarthe DR, Nichaman MZ. Greater case-fatality after myocardial infarction among Mexican Americans and women than among non-Hispanic whites and men: the Corpus Christi Heart Project. Am J Epidemiol. 1994;139:474-483.
11. Goldberg RJ, Gore JM, Alpert JS, Dalen JE. Incidence and case fatality rates of acute myocardial infarction (1975-1984): the Worcester Heart Attack Study. Am Heart J. 1988;115:761-767.
12. Cooper R, Simmons BE. Hypertension as a cause of lower than expected death rates from coronary artery disease among blacks. Clin Cardiol. 1989;12(suppl 4):IV-9-IV-12.
13. Gillum RF, Grant CT. Coronary heart disease in black populations, II: risk factors. Am Heart J. 1982;104:852-864.
14. Alderman MH, Schoenbaum EE. Detection and treatment of hypertension at the work site. N Engl J Med. 1975;293:65-68.
15. Alderman MH, Davis TK. Hypertension control at the work site. J Occup Med. 1976;18:793-796.
16. Alderman MH, Madhavan S, Ooi WL, Cohen H. Treatment-induced blood pressure reduction and the risk of myocardial infarction. JAMA. 1989;262:920-924.
17. Alderman MH, Cohen H, Madhavan S. Distribution and determinants of cardiovascular events during 20 years of successful antihypertensive treatment. J Hypertens. 1998;16:761-769.
18. Joint National Committee. The fifth report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC-V). Arch Intern Med. 1993;153:154-183.
19. Joint National Committee. Report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Arch Intern Med. 1988;148:1023-1038.
20. Cox DR. Regression models and life tables. J R Stat Soc (B). 1972;34: 187-220.
21. Njolstad I, Arnesen E. Preinfarction blood pressure and smoking are determinants for a fatal outcome of myocardial infarction: a prospective analysis from the Finnmark Study. Arch Intern Med. 1998;158: 1326-1332.
22. Lang T, Ducimetiere P, Arveiler D, Amouyel P, Cambou JP, Ruidavets JB, Montaye M, Meyer V, Bingham A. Incidence, case fatality, risk factors of acute coronary heart disease and occupational categories in men aged 30-59 in France. Int J Epidemiol. 1997;26:47-57.
23. Wannamethee G, Whincup PH, Shaper AG. Factors determining case fatality in myocardial infarction: who dies in a heart attack? Br Heart J. 1995;74:324-331.
24. Lee MH, Borhani NO, Kuller LH. Validation of reported myocardial infarction mortality in blacks and whites: a report from the Community Cardiovascular Surveillance Program. Ann Epidemiol. 1990;1:1-12.
25. Cooper RS. Ford E. Comparability of risk factors for coronary heart disease among blacks and whites in the NHANES-I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study. Ann Epidemiol. 1992;2:637-645.
26. White AD, Hames CG, Tyroler HA. Serum cholesterol and 20-year mortality in black and white men and women aged 65 and older in the Evans County Heart Study. Ann Epidemiol. 1992;2:85-91.
27. Cooper RS, Pacold IV, Ford ES. Age-related differences in case-fatality rates among diabetic patients with myocardial infarction: findings from National Hospital Discharge Survey, 1979-1987. Diabetes Care. 1991; 14:903-908.
28. Gillum RF, Gillum BS, Francis CK. Coronary revascularization and cardiac catheterization in the United States: trends in racial differences. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997;29:1557-1562.
29. Peterson ED, Shaw LK, DeLong ER, Pryor DB, Califf RM, Mark DB. Racial variation in the use of coronary-revascularization procedures: are the differences real? Do they matter? N Engl J Med. 1997;336:480-486.
30. Sedlis SP, Fisher VJ, Tice D, Esposito R, Madmon L, Steinberg EH. Racial differences in performance of invasive cardiac procedures in a Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center. J Clin Epidemiol. 1997; 50:899-901.
31. Gillum RF, Mussolino ME, Madans JH. Coronary heart disease incidence and survival in African-American women and men: the NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study. Ann Intern Med. 1997;127:111-118.
32. Maynard C, Every NR, Martin JS, Weaver WD. Long-term implications of racial differences in the use of revascularization procedures (the Myocardial Infarction Triage and Intervention Registry). Am Heart J. 1997; 133:656-662.