Is APOE-ε4 a risk factor for cognitive impairment in normal aging?

Neurology

Volumn 54, Issue 11, 2000, Pages 2082-2088

  Small, B J ^a   Graves, A B ^b   McEvoy, C L ^a   Crawford, F C ^a   Mullan, M ^a   Mortimer, J A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA   (United States)

^b Dept of Epidemiol and Biostatist ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

Aging; APOE; Cognition; Memory

Indexed keywords

AGED; AGING; ALLELE; ARTICLE; COGNITIVE DEFECT; CORRELATION FUNCTION; GENOTYPE; HUMAN; MEMORY; NORMAL HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK FACTOR; AGE; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; COGNITION; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; FEMALE; GENETICS; HEALTH SURVEY; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PHYSIOLOGY; REGRESSION ANALYSIS;

APOLIPOPROTEIN E; APOLIPOPROTEIN E4;

AGE FACTORS; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ALLELES; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; APOLIPOPROTEIN E4; APOLIPOPROTEINS E; COGNITION; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; FEMALE; HEALTH SURVEYS; HUMANS; MALE; MEMORY; MIDDLE AGED; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 0034643749     PISSN: 00283878     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1212/WNL.54.11.2082     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Strittmatter WJ, Saunders AM, Schmechel D, et al. Apolipoprotein E: high avidity binding to beta-amyloid and increased frequency of type 4 allele in late-onset familial Alzheimer's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993;90:1977-1981.
2. Petersen RC, Smith GE, Ivnik RJ, et al. Apolipoprotein E status as a predictor of the development of Alzheimer's disease in memory-impaired individuals. JAMA 1995;273:1274-1278.
3. Blacker D, Haines JL, Rodes L, et al. APOE-4 and age at onset of Alzheimer's Disease: the NIMH genetics initiative. Neurology 1997;48:139-147.
4. Bondi MW, Salmon DP, Galasko D, Thomas RG, Thal LJ. Neuropsychological function and apolipoprotein E genotype in the preclinical detection of Alzheimer's Disease. Psychol Aging 1999;14:295-303.
5. O'Hara R, Yesavage JA, Kraemer HC, Mauricio M, Friedman LF, Murphy GM. The APOE epsilon 4 allele is associated with decline on delayed recall performance in community-dwelling older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 1998;46:1493-1498.
6. Small BJ, Basun H, Bäckman L. Three-year changes in cognitive performance as a function of apolipoprotein E genotype: evidence from very-old adults without dementia. Psychol Aging 1998;13:80-87.
7. Smith GE, Bohac DL, Waring SC, et al. Apolipoprotein E genotype influences cognitive 'phenotype' in patients with Alzheimer's disease but not in healthy control subjects. Neurology 1998;50:355-362.
8. Yaffe K, Cauley J, Sands L, Browner W. Apolipoprotein E phenotype and cognitive decline in a prospective study of elderly community women. Arch Neurol 1997;54:1110-1114.
9. Corder EH, Saunders AM, Risch NJ, et al. Protective effect of apolipoprotein E type 2 allele for late onset Alzheimer's disease. Nat Genet 1994;7:180-183.
10. Breitner JCS, Wyse BW, Anthony JC, et al. APOE-∈4 count predicts age when prevalence of AD increases, then declines: the Cache County Study. Neurology 1999;53:321-331.
11. Caselli RJ, Graff-Radford NR, Reiman EM, et al. Preclinical memory decline in cognitively normal apolipoprotein E-∈4 homozygotes. Neurology 1999;53:201-207.
12. Mullan M, Scibelli P, Duara R, et al. Familial and population-based studies of apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer's disease. Proc Acad Sci USA 1996;802:16-26.
13. Haan MN, Shemanski L, Jagust WJ, Manolio TA, Kuller L. The role of APOE ∈4 in modulating effects of other risk factors for cognitive decline in elderly persons. JAMA 1999;282:40-46.
14. Bureau of the Census. Special tabulation on aging (CD-ROM: Federal Region IV) 1994. Washington, DC: Author.
15. Teng EL, Chui HC. The modified Mini-Mental State Examination. J Clin Psychiatry 1987;48:314-318.
16. Baddeley A, Emslie H, Nimmo-Smith I. The Spot-The-Word test: a robust estimate of verbal intelligence based on lexical decision. Br J Clin Psychol 1993;32:55-65.
17. Brandt J. The Hopkins Verbal Learning Test: development of a new memory test with six equivalent forms. Clin Neuropsychologist 1991;5:125-142.
18. Benedict RHB, Schretlen D, Groninger L, Brandt J. Hopkins Verbal Learning Test Revised: normative data and analysis of inter-form and test-retest reliability. Clin Neuropsychologist 1998;12:43-55.
19. Small BJ, Hultsch DF, Masson MEJ. Adult age differences in perceptually-based, but not conceptually-based implicit tests of memory. J Gerontol Psychol Sci 1995;50B:162-170.
20. Schachter DL. Implicit memory: history and current status. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 1987;13:501-517.
21. Reitan RM, Wolfson D. The Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery. Tucson: Neuropsychology Press, 1985.
22. Stroop JR. Studies of interference in serial verbal reaction. J Exp Psychol 1935;18:643-662.
23. Wenham PR, Price WH, Blundel G. Apolipoprotein E genotyping by one-stage PCR. Lancet 1991;337:1158-1159.
24. Bäckman L, M 64 ntyla T, Herlitz A. The optimization of episodic remembering in old age. In: Baltes PB, Baltes MM, eds. Successful aging: perspectives from the behavioral sciences. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1990: 118-163.
25. Cohen J, Cohen P. Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences. 2nd ed. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1983.
26. Petersen RC, Smith GE, Waring SC, Ivnik RJ, Tangalos EG, Kokmen E. Mild cognitive impairment: clinical characterization and outcome. Arch Neurol 1999;56:303-308.
27. Small BJ, Herlitz A, Fratiglioni L, Almkvist O, Bäckman L. Cognitive predictors of incident Alzheimer's disease: a prospective longitudinal study. Neuropsychology 1997;11:413-420.
28. Horsburgh K, Graham DI, Stewart J, Nicoll JA. Influence of apolipoprotein E genotype on neuronal damage and apoE immunoreactivity in human hippocampus following global ischemia. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1999;58:227-234.
29. Teasdale GM, Nicoll JAR, Murray G, Fiddes M. Association of apolipoprotein E polymorphism with outcome after head injury. Lancet 1997;350:1069-1071.
30. Hultsch DF, Hertzog C, Dixon RA, Small BJ. Memory change in the aged. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
31. Cerella J. Aging and information processing rate. In: Birren JE, Schaie KW, eds. Handbook of the psychology of aging. San Diego: Academic Press; 1990:201-221.
32. Verhaeghen P, De Meersman L. Aging and the Stroop effect: a meta-analysis. Psychol Aging 1998;13:120-126.
33. Nilsson L-G, Bäckman L, Erngrund K, et al. The Betula prospective cohort study: memory, health, and aging. Aging Neuropsychol Cogn 1997;4:1-32.
34. Herlitz A, Airaksinen E, Nordström E. Sex differences in episodic memory: the impact of verbal and visuospatial ability. Neuropsychology 1999;13:590-597.
35. Small BJ, Dixon RA, Hultsch DF, Hertzog C. Longitudinal changes in quantitative and qualitative indicators of word and story recall in young-old and old-old adults. J Gerontol Psychol Sci 1999;54B:P107-P115.
36. Meinz EJ, Salthouse TA. Is age kinder to females than to males? Psychonomic Bull Rev 1998;5:56-70.
37. Cohen J, Cohen P. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. 2nd ed. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1988.
38. Cohen J. The earth is round (p < 0.05). Am Psychol 1994;49: 997-1003.