Stroke mortality in urban and rural Tanzania

Lancet

Volumn 355, Issue 9216, 2000, Pages 1684-1687

  Walker, Richard W ^a   McLarty, Donald G ^c   Kitange, Henry M ^b,c   Whiting, David ^c   Masuki, Gabriel ^b   Mtasiwa, Deo M ^b   Machibya, Harun ^b   Unwin, Nigel ^d   Alberti, K G M M ^d  

^a NORTH TYNESIDE GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^b Elderly and Children   (Tanzania)

^c Adult Morbidity and Mortality Proj   (Tanzania)

^d NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; AUTOPSY; CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE; DEATH; FEMALE; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; POPULATION RESEARCH; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; RURAL AREA; STROKE; TANZANIA; UNITED KINGDOM; URBAN AREA;

EID: 0034643678     PISSN: 01406736     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02240-6     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Murray CJL, Lopez AD. Mortality by cause for eight regions of the world: global burden of disease study. Lancet 1997; 349: 1269-76.
2. Bamford JM, Sandercock PAG, Warlow CP, Gray M. Why are patients with acute stroke admitted to hospital? The experience of the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project. BMJ 1986; 292: 1369-72.
3. Ministry of Health and AMMP Team. The Policy Implications of Adult Morbidity and Mortality. End of Phase 1 Report. 1997.
4. Walker R. Hypertension and stroke in sub-saharan Africa. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1994; 88: 609-11.
5. Kitange HM, Machibya H, Black J, et al. Outlook for survivors of childhood in sub-Saharan Africa: adult mortality in Tanzania. BMJ 1996; 312: 216-20.
6. Office for National Statistics. Mortality statistics - cause. Review of the Registrar General on deaths by cause, sex, and age, in England and Wales, 1993 (revised) and 1994. 1996.
7. Snow RW, Armstrong JRM, Forster D, et al. Childhood deaths in Africa: uses and limitations of verbal autopsies. Lancet 1992; 340: 351-55.
8. Chandramohan D, Maude GH, Rodrigues LC, Haynes RJ. Verbal autopsies for adult deaths: issues in their development. Int J Epidemiol 1994; 23: 213-22.
9. Anker M. The effect of misclassification error on reported cause-specific mortality fractions from verbal autopsy. Int J Epidemiol 1997; 26:1090-96.
10. Matenga J, Kitai I, Leny L. Strokes among black people in Harare, Zimbabwe: results of computed tomography and associated risk factors. BMJ 1986; 292: 1649-51.
11. Bonita R, Beaglehole R, North JDK. Event, incidence and case-fatality rates of cerebrovascular disease in Auckland, New Zealand. Am J Epidemiol 1984; 120: 236-43.
12. Dennis MS, Burn JPS, Sandercock PAG, Bamford JM, Wade DT, Warlow CP. Long-term survival after first-ever stroke: the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project. Stroke 1993; 24: 796-800.
13. Bertrand E. Coronary heart disease in black Africans: an overview. East Afr Med J 1995; 72: 37-41.
14. Joubert J. The Medunsa stroke data bank: an analysis of 304 patients seen betweeen 1986 and 1987. S Afr Med J 1991; 80: 567-70.
15. MacMahon S, Peto R, Cutler J, et al. Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease. Part 1, prolonged differences in blood pressure: prospective observational studies corrected for the regression dilution bias. Lancet 1990; 335: 765-74.
16. Collins R, Peto R, MacMahon S, et al. Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease. Part 2, short-term reductions in blood pressure: overview of randomised drug trials in their epidemiological context. Lancet 1990; 335: 827-38.
17. Mensah GA, Barkey NL, Cooper RS. Spectrum of hypertensive target organ damage in Africa: a review of published studies. J Hum Hypertens 1994; 8: 799-808.
18. Edwards R, Unwin N, Mugusi F, et al. Hypertension prevalence and care in an urban and rural area of Tanzania. J Hypertens 2000; 18: 145-52.
19. Swai ABM, McLarty DG, Kitange HM, et al. Low prevalence of risk factors for coronary heart disease in rural Tanzanians. Int J Epidemiol 1993; 22: 651-59.
20. Nissinen A, Bothig S, Granroth H, Lopez AD. Hypertension in developing countries. World Health Stat Q 1988; 41: 141-52.
21. Poulter NR, Khaw KT, Hopwood BEC, et al. The Kenya Luo migration study: observations on the initiation of a rise in blood pressure. BMJ 1990; 300: 967-72.
22. Cooper RS, Rotimi CN, Kaufman JS, Walinjom FTM, Mensah GA. Hypertension treatment and control in sub-Saharan Africa: the epidemiological basis for policy. BMJ 1998; 316: 614-17.
23. Osuntokun B. Epidemiology of stroke in blacks in Africa. Hypertension Research 1994; 17 (suppl 1): S1-10.
24. Dennis MS, Bamford JM, Warlow CP. Strokes among black people in Harare, Zimbabwe (letter). BMJ 1986; 293: 134.
25. Rosman KD. The epidemiology of stroke in an urban black population. Stroke 1986; 17: 667-69.
26. Celani MG, Righetti E, Migliacci R, et al. Comparability and validity of two clinical scores in the early differential diagnosis of acute stroke. BMJ 1994; 308: 1674-76.
27. Abebe M, Haimanot RT. Cerebrovascular accidents in Ethiopia. Ethiop Med J 1990; 28: 53-61.