메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 102, Issue 2-3, 2000, Pages 187-206

On measuring and modeling energy fluxes above the floor of a homogeneous and heterogeneous conifer forest

Author keywords

Biosphere atmosphere interactions; BOREAS; Jack pine; Micrometeorology; Ponderosa pine; Soil evaporation

Indexed keywords

CONIFEROUS FOREST; ENERGY FLUX; FOREST FLOOR; MEASUREMENT METHOD; MODELING;

EID: 0034640333     PISSN: 01681923     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0168-1923(00)00098-8     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (153)

References (61)
  • 2
    • 0031432009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flux footprints under forest canopies
    • Baldocchi D.D. Flux footprints under forest canopies. Boundary Layer Meteorol. 85:1997;273-292.
    • (1997) Boundary Layer Meteorol. , vol.85 , pp. 273-292
    • Baldocchi, D.D.1
  • 4
    • 0031953883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On using eco-physiological, micrometeorological and biogeochemical theory to evaluate carbon dioxide, water vapor and gaseous deposition fluxes over vegetation
    • Baldocchi D.D., Meyers T.P. On using eco-physiological, micrometeorological and biogeochemical theory to evaluate carbon dioxide, water vapor and gaseous deposition fluxes over vegetation. Agric. For. Meteorol. 90:1998;1-26.
    • (1998) Agric. For. Meteorol. , vol.90 , pp. 1-26
    • Baldocchi, D.D.1    Meyers, T.P.2
  • 5
    • 0003090805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 flux densities above and below a temperate broadleaf and a boreal pine forest
    • 2 flux densities above and below a temperate broadleaf and a boreal pine forest. Tree Physiol. 16:1996;5-16.
    • (1996) Tree Physiol. , vol.16 , pp. 5-16
    • Baldocchi, D.D.1    Vogel, C.2
  • 6
    • 0031433759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal variation of energy and water vapor exchange rates above and below a boreal jack pine forest canopy
    • Baldocchi D.D., Vogel C.A., Hall B. Seasonal variation of energy and water vapor exchange rates above and below a boreal jack pine forest canopy. J. Geophys. Res. 102:1997;28939-28951.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , pp. 28939-28951
    • Baldocchi, D.D.1    Vogel, C.A.2    Hall, B.3
  • 7
    • 0024918971 scopus 로고
    • Processes controlling understory evapotranspiration
    • Black T.A., Kelliher F.M. Processes controlling understory evapotranspiration. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. 324:1989;207-231.
    • (1989) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B , vol.324 , pp. 207-231
    • Black, T.A.1    Kelliher, F.M.2
  • 9
    • 0031172403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study of the mechanisms of evaporation under arid conditions using a detailed model of the soil-atmosphere continuum. Application to the EFEDA I experiment
    • Boulet G., Raud I., Vauclin M. Study of the mechanisms of evaporation under arid conditions using a detailed model of the soil-atmosphere continuum. Application to the EFEDA I experiment. J. Hydrol. 193:1997;114-141.
    • (1997) J. Hydrol. , vol.193 , pp. 114-141
    • Boulet, G.1    Raud, I.2    Vauclin, M.3
  • 12
    • 0030616792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of clumping and stomatal response on evaporation from sparsely vegetated shrublands
    • Brenner A.J., Incoll L.D. The effect of clumping and stomatal response on evaporation from sparsely vegetated shrublands. Agric. For. Meteorol. 84:1997;187-206.
    • (1997) Agric. For. Meteorol. , vol.84 , pp. 187-206
    • Brenner, A.J.1    Incoll, L.D.2
  • 13
    • 84925345381 scopus 로고
    • A resistance parameter for bare-soil evaporation models
    • Camillo P.J., Gurney R.J. A resistance parameter for bare-soil evaporation models. Soil Sci. 141:1986;95-105.
    • (1986) Soil Sci. , vol.141 , pp. 95-105
    • Camillo, P.J.1    Gurney, R.J.2
  • 15
    • 0030303417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Partition of sensible heat fluxes into bare soil and the atmosphere
    • Cellier P., Richard G., Robin P. Partition of sensible heat fluxes into bare soil and the atmosphere. Agric. For. Meteorol. 82:1996;245-265.
    • (1996) Agric. For. Meteorol. , vol.82 , pp. 245-265
    • Cellier, P.1    Richard, G.2    Robin, P.3
  • 16
    • 9644278259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optically-based methods for measuring seasonal variation of leaf area index in boreal conifer stands
    • Chen J.M. Optically-based methods for measuring seasonal variation of leaf area index in boreal conifer stands. Agric. For. Meteorol. 80:1996;135-164.
    • (1996) Agric. For. Meteorol. , vol.80 , pp. 135-164
    • Chen, J.M.1
  • 17
    • 0024224194 scopus 로고
    • A four-layer model for heat budget of homogenous land surfaces
    • Choudhury B., Monteith J.L. A four-layer model for heat budget of homogenous land surfaces. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 114:1988;373-398.
    • (1988) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.114 , pp. 373-398
    • Choudhury, B.1    Monteith, J.L.2
  • 18
    • 0018004518 scopus 로고
    • Empirical equations for some soil hydraulic-properties
    • Clapp R., Hornberger G. Empirical equations for some soil hydraulic-properties. Water Resources Res. 14(4):1978;601-604.
    • (1978) Water Resources Res. , vol.14 , Issue.4 , pp. 601-604
    • Clapp, R.1    Hornberger, G.2
  • 20
    • 0029662876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of evaporation from bare soil and its estimation using surface resistance
    • Daamen C.C., Simmonds L.P. Measurement of evaporation from bare soil and its estimation using surface resistance. Water Resources Res. 32:1996;1393-1402.
    • (1996) Water Resources Res. , vol.32 , pp. 1393-1402
    • Daamen, C.C.1    Simmonds, L.P.2
  • 21
    • 0000837529 scopus 로고
    • Plant physiological methods for studying evaporation: Problems of telling the forest from the trees
    • Denmead O.T. Plant physiological methods for studying evaporation: problems of telling the forest from the trees. Agric. Water Manage. 8:1984;167-189.
    • (1984) Agric. Water Manage. , vol.8 , pp. 167-189
    • Denmead, O.T.1
  • 23
    • 0003655595 scopus 로고
    • Natural vegetation of Oregon and Washington
    • Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Portland, OR.
    • Franklin, J.F., Dyrness, C.T., 1973. Natural vegetation of Oregon and Washington. General Technical Report, PNW-8. Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Portland, OR.
    • (1973) General Technical Report, PNW-8
    • Franklin, J.F.1    Dyrness, C.T.2
  • 28
    • 0001820455 scopus 로고
    • Partitioning evapotranspiration into tree and understory components in tow young Pinus radiata, D. Don stands
    • Kelliher F.M., Whitehead D., McAneney K.J., Judd M.J. Partitioning evapotranspiration into tree and understory components in tow young Pinus radiata, D. Don stands. Agric. For. Meteorol. 50:1990;211-227.
    • (1990) Agric. For. Meteorol. , vol.50 , pp. 211-227
    • Kelliher, F.M.1    Whitehead, D.2    McAneney, K.J.3    Judd, M.J.4
  • 29
    • 0025625127 scopus 로고
    • A parameterization of evaporation from bare soil surfaces
    • Kondo J., Saigusa N., Sato T. A parameterization of evaporation from bare soil surfaces. J. Appl. Meterol. 29:1990;385-389.
    • (1990) J. Appl. Meterol. , vol.29 , pp. 385-389
    • Kondo, J.1    Saigusa, N.2    Sato, T.3
  • 31
    • 0345518008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal and annual respiration of a ponderosa pine ecosystem
    • Law B.E., Ryan M.G., Anthoni P.M. Seasonal and annual respiration of a ponderosa pine ecosystem. Global Change Biol. 5:1999;169-182.
    • (1999) Global Change Biol. , vol.5 , pp. 169-182
    • Law, B.E.1    Ryan, M.G.2    Anthoni, P.M.3
  • 32
    • 0034059694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurements of gross and net ecosystem productivity and water vapor exchange of a Pinus ponderosa ecosystem, and an evaluation of two generalized models
    • in press
    • Law, B.E., Waring, R.H., Anthoni, P.M., Aber, J.D., 2000. Measurements of gross and net ecosystem productivity and water vapor exchange of a Pinus ponderosa ecosystem, and an evaluation of two generalized models, Global Change Biol., in press.
    • (2000) Global Change Biol.
    • Law, B.E.1    Waring, R.H.2    Anthoni, P.M.3    Aber, J.D.4
  • 33
    • 0025657122 scopus 로고
    • The influence of atmospheric stability on the budgets of the Reynolds stress and turbulent kinetic energy within and above a deciduous forest
    • Leclerc M., Beissner K.C., Shaw R.H., den Hartog G., Neumann H.H. The influence of atmospheric stability on the budgets of the Reynolds stress and turbulent kinetic energy within and above a deciduous forest. J. Appl. Meteorol. 29:1990;916-933.
    • (1990) J. Appl. Meteorol. , vol.29 , pp. 916-933
    • Leclerc, M.1    Beissner, K.C.2    Shaw, R.H.3    Den Hartog, G.4    Neumann, H.H.5
  • 35
    • 0026293601 scopus 로고
    • Comparative study of various formulations of evaporation from bare soil using in situ data
    • Mahfouf J.F., Noilhan J. Comparative study of various formulations of evaporation from bare soil using in situ data. J. Appl. Meteorol. 30:1991;1354-1365.
    • (1991) J. Appl. Meteorol. , vol.30 , pp. 1354-1365
    • Mahfouf, J.F.1    Noilhan, J.2
  • 36
    • 0029501005 scopus 로고
    • The validation of various schemes for parameterizing evaporation from bare soil for use in meteorological models: A numerical study using in situ data
    • Milhailovic D.T., Rajkovic B., Dekic L., Pielke R.A., Lee T.J., Ye Z. The validation of various schemes for parameterizing evaporation from bare soil for use in meteorological models: a numerical study using in situ data. Boundary Layer Meteorol. 76:1995;259-289.
    • (1995) Boundary Layer Meteorol. , vol.76 , pp. 259-289
    • Milhailovic, D.T.1    Rajkovic, B.2    Dekic, L.3    Pielke, R.A.4    Lee, T.J.5    Ye, Z.6
  • 37
    • 0031446941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A sensitivity study of a coupled soil-vegetaion boundary layer scheme for use in atmospheric modelling
    • Milhailovic D.T., Kallos G. A sensitivity study of a coupled soil-vegetaion boundary layer scheme for use in atmospheric modelling. Boundary Layer Meteorol. 82:1997;283-315.
    • (1997) Boundary Layer Meteorol. , vol.82 , pp. 283-315
    • Milhailovic, D.T.1    Kallos, G.2
  • 38
    • 0030497596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The propagation of errors in long term measurements of land atmosphere fluxes of carbon and water
    • Moncrieff J.B., Mahli Y., Leuning R. The propagation of errors in long term measurements of land atmosphere fluxes of carbon and water. Global Change Biol. 2:1996;231-240.
    • (1996) Global Change Biol. , vol.2 , pp. 231-240
    • Moncrieff, J.B.1    Mahli, Y.2    Leuning, R.3
  • 39
    • 0022832633 scopus 로고
    • Frequency response corrections for eddy covariance systems
    • Moore C.J. Frequency response corrections for eddy covariance systems. Boundary Layer Meteorol. 37:1986;17-35.
    • (1986) Boundary Layer Meteorol. , vol.37 , pp. 17-35
    • Moore, C.J.1
  • 41
    • 34548430117 scopus 로고
    • A theoretical analysis of the frequency of gaps in plant stands
    • Nilson T. A theoretical analysis of the frequency of gaps in plant stands. Agric. Meteorol. 8:1971;25-38.
    • (1971) Agric. Meteorol. , vol.8 , pp. 25-38
    • Nilson, T.1
  • 42
    • 0029515392 scopus 로고
    • A two-source approach for estimating soil and vegetation energy fluxes from observations of directional radiometric surface temperatures
    • Norman J.M., Kustas W.P., Humes K. A two-source approach for estimating soil and vegetation energy fluxes from observations of directional radiometric surface temperatures. Agric. For. Meteorol. 77:1995;263-293.
    • (1995) Agric. For. Meteorol. , vol.77 , pp. 263-293
    • Norman, J.M.1    Kustas, W.P.2    Humes, K.3
  • 43
    • 0027036612 scopus 로고
    • On coherent structures in turbulence above and within agricultural plant canopies
    • Paw U, K.T., Brunet, Y., Collineau, S., et al., 1992. On coherent structures in turbulence above and within agricultural plant canopies. Agric. For. Meteorol. 61, 55-68.
    • (1992) Agric. For. Meteorol. , vol.61 , pp. 55-68
    • Paw, U.K.T.1    Brunet, Y.2    Collineau, S.3
  • 44
    • 84957790817 scopus 로고
    • Natural evaporation from open water, bare soil and grass
    • Penman H.L. Natural evaporation from open water, bare soil and grass. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A. 193:1948;120-145.
    • (1948) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. a , vol.193 , pp. 120-145
    • Penman, H.L.1
  • 45
    • 0001653320 scopus 로고
    • Evaporation and moisture and heat fiels in soil
    • Philip J.R. Evaporation and moisture and heat fiels in soil. J. Meteorol. 14:1957;354-366.
    • (1957) J. Meteorol. , vol.14 , pp. 354-366
    • Philip, J.R.1
  • 46
    • 84944836456 scopus 로고
    • Model for predicting evaporation from a row crop with incomplete cover
    • Ritchie J.T. Model for predicting evaporation from a row crop with incomplete cover. Water Resources Res. 8:1972;1204-1213.
    • (1972) Water Resources Res. , vol.8 , pp. 1204-1213
    • Ritchie, J.T.1
  • 47
    • 0002740661 scopus 로고
    • Radiative transfer in plant communities
    • In: Monteith, J.L. (Ed.), Academic Press, London
    • Ross, J., 1976. Radiative transfer in plant communities. In: Monteith, J.L. (Ed.), Vegetation and the Atmosphere, 2. Academic Press, London, pp. 13-55.
    • (1976) Vegetation and the Atmosphere , vol.2 , pp. 13-55
    • Ross, J.1
  • 48
    • 0028066639 scopus 로고
    • Environmental limits on net primary production and light-use efficiency across the Oregon transect
    • Runyon J., Waring R.H., Goward S.N., Welles J.M. Environmental limits on net primary production and light-use efficiency across the Oregon transect. Ecol. Applications. 4:1994;226-237.
    • (1994) Ecol. Applications , vol.4 , pp. 226-237
    • Runyon, J.1    Waring, R.H.2    Goward, S.N.3    Welles, J.M.4
  • 49
    • 0028994008 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of heat and vapor transfer coefficients at the soil surface beneath a maize canopy using source plates
    • Sauer T.J., Norman J.M., Tanner C.B., Wilson T.B. Measurement of heat and vapor transfer coefficients at the soil surface beneath a maize canopy using source plates. Agric. For. Meteorol. 75:1995;161-190.
    • (1995) Agric. For. Meteorol. , vol.75 , pp. 161-190
    • Sauer, T.J.1    Norman, J.M.2    Tanner, C.B.3    Wilson, T.B.4
  • 50
    • 0030883040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transpiration of a boreal pine forest, measured by branch bags, sapflow and micrometeorological methods
    • Saugier B., Granier A., Pontailler J.Y., Dufrene E., Baldocchi D.D. Transpiration of a boreal pine forest, measured by branch bags, sapflow and micrometeorological methods. Tree Physiol. 17:1997;511-520.
    • (1997) Tree Physiol. , vol.17 , pp. 511-520
    • Saugier, B.1    Granier, A.2    Pontailler, J.Y.3    Dufrene, E.4    Baldocchi, D.D.5
  • 51
    • 0031573178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental design for flux measurements: Matching scales of observations and fluxes
    • Schmid H.P. Experimental design for flux measurements: matching scales of observations and fluxes. Agric. For. Meteorol. 87:1997;179-200.
    • (1997) Agric. For. Meteorol. , vol.87 , pp. 179-200
    • Schmid, H.P.1
  • 52
    • 0030616449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling the exchanges of energy, water, and carbon between continents and the atmosphere
    • Sellers, P.J., Dickinson, R.E., Randall, D.A., et al., 1997. Modeling the exchanges of energy, water, and carbon between continents and the atmosphere. Science 275, 502-509.
    • (1997) Science , vol.275 , pp. 502-509
    • Sellers, P.J.1    Dickinson, R.E.2    Randall, D.A.3
  • 53
  • 54
    • 0022167707 scopus 로고
    • Evaporation from sparse crops - an energy combination theory
    • Shuttleworth W.J., Wallace J.S. Evaporation from sparse crops - an energy combination theory. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 111:1985;839-855.
    • (1985) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.111 , pp. 839-855
    • Shuttleworth, W.J.1    Wallace, J.S.2
  • 55
    • 0002419531 scopus 로고
    • Western montane forests
    • In: Chabot, B.F., Mooney, H.A. (Eds.) Chapman & Hall, New York
    • Smith, W.K., 1985. Western montane forests. In: Chabot, B.F., Mooney, H.A. (Eds.), Physiological Ecology of North American Plant Communities. Chapman & Hall, New York, pp. 95-121.
    • (1985) Physiological Ecology of North American Plant Communities , pp. 95-121
    • Smith, W.K.1
  • 56
    • 0001049334 scopus 로고
    • Accuracy of moments of velocity and scalar fluctuations in the atmospheric surface layer
    • Sreenivasan K.R., Chambers A.J., Antonia R.A. Accuracy of moments of velocity and scalar fluctuations in the atmospheric surface layer. Boundary Layer Meteorol. 14:1978;341-359.
    • (1978) Boundary Layer Meteorol. , vol.14 , pp. 341-359
    • Sreenivasan, K.R.1    Chambers, A.J.2    Antonia, R.A.3
  • 57
    • 0001343894 scopus 로고
    • Evaporation measurements beneath corn, cotton and sunflower canopies
    • Villalobos F.J., Fereres E. Evaporation measurements beneath corn, cotton and sunflower canopies. Agron. J. 82:1990;1153-1159.
    • (1990) Agron. J. , vol.82 , pp. 1153-1159
    • Villalobos, F.J.1    Fereres, E.2
  • 58
    • 0027388522 scopus 로고
    • Measurements of soil, plant and total evaporation from millet in Niger
    • Wallace J.S., Lloyd C.R., Sivakumar M.V.K. Measurements of soil, plant and total evaporation from millet in Niger. Agric. For. Meteorol. 63:1993;149-169.
    • (1993) Agric. For. Meteorol. , vol.63 , pp. 149-169
    • Wallace, J.S.1    Lloyd, C.R.2    Sivakumar, M.V.K.3
  • 59
    • 0021039075 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of evaporation from soil beneath crop canopies
    • Walker G.K. Measurement of evaporation from soil beneath crop canopies. Can. J. Soil Sci. 63:1983;137-141.
    • (1983) Can. J. Soil Sci. , vol.63 , pp. 137-141
    • Walker, G.K.1
  • 60
    • 0008766431 scopus 로고
    • Leaf wetness: Measurements and models
    • Weiss A. Leaf wetness: measurements and models. Remote Sensing Rev. 5:1990;215-224.
    • (1990) Remote Sensing Rev. , vol.5 , pp. 215-224
    • Weiss, A.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.