Stable RNA/DNA hybrids in the mammalian genome: Inducible intermediates in immunoglobulin class switch recombination

Science

Volumn 288, Issue 5468, 2000, Pages 1058-1061

  Tracy, Robert B ^a   Hsieh, Chih Lin ^b   Lieber, Michael R ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DNA HYBRID; IMMUNOGLOBULIN CLASS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; RIBONUCLEASE H; RNA;

ANIMAL CELL; ARTICLE; B LYMPHOCYTE; DNA RNA HYBRIDIZATION; GENE EXPRESSION; GENE SWITCHING; GENETIC RECOMBINATION; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION; GENOME; IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENE; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SPLEEN CELL;

ANIMALS; B-LYMPHOCYTES; BLOTTING, NORTHERN; DNA; IMMUNOGLOBULIN CLASS SWITCHING; IMMUNOGLOBULIN SWITCH REGION; IMMUNOGLOBULINS; INTERLEUKIN-10; INTERLEUKIN-4; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES; LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION; MICE; MICE, INBRED C57BL; MICE, TRANSGENIC; MODELS, GENETIC; NUCLEIC ACID HYBRIDIZATION; RECOMBINATION, GENETIC; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; RIBONUCLEASE H, CALF THYMUS; RIBONUCLEASE, PANCREATIC; RNA; RNA SPLICING; TRANSCRIPTION, GENETIC;

EID: 0034640234     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.288.5468.1058     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. S. D. Fugmann et al., Annu. Rev. Immunol. 18, 495 (2000).
2. M. Matsuoka et al., Cell 62, 135 (1990); U. Schwedler, H.-M. Jack, M. Wabl, Nature 345, 452 (1990); T. Iwasato et al., Cell 62, 143 (1990).
3. M. Matsuoka et al., Cell 62, 135 (1990); U. Schwedler, H.-M. Jack, M. Wabl, Nature 345, 452 (1990); T. Iwasato et al., Cell 62, 143 (1990).
4. M. Matsuoka et al., Cell 62, 135 (1990); U. Schwedler, H.-M. Jack, M. Wabl, Nature 345, 452 (1990); T. Iwasato et al., Cell 62, 143 (1990).
5. J. Stavnezer, Adv. Immunol. 61, 79 (1996).
6. C. M. Snapper and F. D. Finkelman, in Fundamental Immunology, W. E. Paul, Ed. (Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, 1999), pp. 831-861.
7. J. Zhang, F. W. Alt, T. Honjo, in Immunoglobulin Genes, T. Honjo and F. W. Alt, Eds. (Academic Press, London, 1995), pp. 235-265.
8. W. Dunnick, T. H. Rabbitts, C. Milstein, Nature 286, 669 (1980); M. M. Davis, S. K. Kim, L. E. Hood, Science 209, 1360 (1980); T. Kataoka, T. Miyata, T. Honjo, Cell 23, 357 (1981).
9. W. Dunnick, T. H. Rabbitts, C. Milstein, Nature 286, 669 (1980); M. M. Davis, S. K. Kim, L. E. Hood, Science 209, 1360 (1980); T. Kataoka, T. Miyata, T. Honjo, Cell 23, 357 (1981).
10. W. Dunnick, T. H. Rabbitts, C. Milstein, Nature 286, 669 (1980); M. M. Davis, S. K. Kim, L. E. Hood, Science 209, 1360 (1980); T. Kataoka, T. Miyata, T. Honjo, Cell 23, 357 (1981).
11. G. D. Yancopoulos et al., EMBO J. 5, 3259 (1986); J. Stavnezer-Nordgren and S. Sirlin, EMBO J. 5, 95 (1986).
12. G. D. Yancopoulos et al., EMBO J. 5, 3259 (1986); J. Stavnezer-Nordgren and S. Sirlin, EMBO J. 5, 95 (1986).
13. R. L. Coffman, D. A. Lebman, P. Rothman, Adv. Immunol. 54, 229 (1993).
14. F. D. Finkelman et al., Annu. Rev. Immunol. 8, 303 (1990).
15. A. Bottaro et al., EMBO J. 13, 665 (1994).
16. M. Lorenz, S. Jung, A. Radbruch, Science 267, 1825 (1995).
17. H. Leung and N. Maizels, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89, 4154 (1992).
18. G. A. Daniels and M. R. Lieber, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92, 5625 (1995).
19. M. E. Reaban and J. A. Griffin, Nature 348, 342 (1990); M. E. Reaban, J. Lebowitz, J. A. Griffin, J. Biol. Chem. 269, 21850 (1994).
20. M. E. Reaban and J. A. Griffin, Nature 348, 342 (1990); M. E. Reaban, J. Lebowitz, J. A. Griffin, J. Biol. Chem. 269, 21850 (1994).
21. G. A. Daniels and M. R. Lieber, Nucleic Acids Res. 23, 5006 (1995).
22. Supplemental Web material is available at www. sciencemag.org/feature/data/1049221.shl.
23. RT-PCR was performed as described (33). See (16) for reaction conditions.
24. Northern blot analysis was performed as described (33). See (16) for a detailed summary of probes used.
25. Isolation and analysis of germ line transcripts. Total RNA was prepared from the cells as previously described (34). See (16) for experimental details.
26. R. B. Tracy and M. R. Lieber, data not shown.
27. T. Nikaido, S. Nakai, T. Honjo, Nature 292, 845 (1981); L. W. Stanton and K. B. Marcu, Nucleic Acids Res. 10, 5993 (1982); P. Szurek, J. Petrini, W. Dunnick, J. Immunol. 135, 620 (1985).
28. T. Nikaido, S. Nakai, T. Honjo, Nature 292, 845 (1981); L. W. Stanton and K. B. Marcu, Nucleic Acids Res. 10, 5993 (1982); P. Szurek, J. Petrini, W. Dunnick, J. Immunol. 135, 620 (1985).
29. T. Nikaido, S. Nakai, T. Honjo, Nature 292, 845 (1981); L. W. Stanton and K. B. Marcu, Nucleic Acids Res. 10, 5993 (1982); P. Szurek, J. Petrini, W. Dunnick, J. Immunol. 135, 620 (1985).
30. M. Libonati and S. Sorrentino, Mol. Cell. Biochem. 117, 139 (1992).
31. ELISA assays were performed as described (35). See (16) for a summary of the reagents used for B cell stimulation and the antibodies used.
32. Splenic B cells were cultured for 4 days and stimulated as described in the ELISA assays (23). See (76) for assay details.
33. C. C. Chu, W. E. Paul, E. E. Max, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89, 6978 (1992).
34. K. Hein et al., J. Exp. Med. 188, 2369 (1998).
35. R. A. Wuerffel et al., J. Immunol. 159, 4139 (1997).
36. J. P. Manis et al., J. Exp. Med. 187, 2081 (1998); R. Casellas et al., EMBO J. 17, 2404 (1998); A. Rolink, F. Melchers, J. Andersson, Immunity 5, 319 (1996).
37. J. P. Manis et al., J. Exp. Med. 187, 2081 (1998); R. Casellas et al., EMBO J. 17, 2404 (1998); A. Rolink, F. Melchers, J. Andersson, Immunity 5, 319 (1996).
38. J. P. Manis et al., J. Exp. Med. 187, 2081 (1998); R. Casellas et al., EMBO J. 17, 2404 (1998); A. Rolink, F. Melchers, J. Andersson, Immunity 5, 319 (1996).
39. R. W. Roberts and D. M. Crothers, Science 258, 1463 (1992); L. Ratmeyer, R. Vinayak, Y. Zhong, G. Zon, W. D. Wilson, Biochemistry 33, 5298 (1994).
40. R. W. Roberts and D. M. Crothers, Science 258, 1463 (1992); L. Ratmeyer, R. Vinayak, Y. Zhong, G. Zon, W. D. Wilson, Biochemistry 33, 5298 (1994).
41. R. B. Tracy and M. R. Lieber, EMBO J. 19, 1055 (2000).
42. C. L. Lepse, R. Kumar, D. Ganea, DNA Cell Biol. 13, 1151 (1994).
43. F. C. Mills, J. Brooker, R. D. Camerini-Otero, Nucleic Acids Res. 18, 7305 (1990).
44. F. M. Ausubel et al., Eds., Current Protocols in Molecular Biology (Wiley, New York, 1996).
45. J. Sambrook, E. F. Fritsch, T. Maniatis, Molecular Cloning (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 1989).
46. J. E. Coligan et al., Eds., Current Protocols in Immunology (Wiley, New York, 1994).
47. This work was supported by NIH grants to M.R.L. and C.-L.H. and by a Bank of America-Giannini fellowship and an ARCS Foundation fellowship to R.B.T. M.R.L. is the Rita and Edward Polusky Basic Cancer Research Professor. See (76) for all other acknowledgments.