Aftershocks of the March 9, 1994, Tonga earthquake: The strongest known deep aftershock sequence

Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth

Volumn 105, Issue B8, 2000, Pages 19067-19083

  Wiens, Douglas A ^a   McGuire, Jeffrey J ^b  

^a WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AFTERSHOCK; EARTHQUAKE; SOURCE PARAMETERS;

TONGA;

EID: 0034632577     PISSN: 21699313     EISSN: 21699356     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2000jb900097     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Davis, S.D., and C. Frohlich, Single-link cluster analysis of earthquake aftershocks: Decay laws and regional variations, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 6335-6350, 1991.
2. Dieterich, J., A constitutive law for rate of earthquake production and its application to earthquake clustering, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 2601-2618, 1994.
3. Dreger, D., The large aftershocks of the Northridge earthquake and their relationship to mainshock slip and fault-zone complexity, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 87, 1259-1266, 1997.
4. Dziewonski, A. M., T.-A. Chou, and J. H. Woodhouse, Determination of earthquake source parameters from waveform data for studies of global and regional seismicity, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 2825-2852, 1981.
5. Frohlich, C., Aftershocks and temporal clustering of deep earthquakes, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 13,944-13,956, 1987.
6. Frohlich, C., The nature of deep-focus earthquakes, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 17, 227-254, 1989.
7. Frohlich, C., and S.D. Davis, Teleseismic b values: Or, much ado about 1.0, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 631-644, 1993.
8. Giardini, D., Space-time distribution of deep seismic deformation in Tonga, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 74, 75-88, 1992.
9. Giardini, D., and P. Lundgren, The June 9 Bolivia and March 9 Fiji deep earthquakes of 1994: Geodynamic implications, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 2281-2284, 1995.
10. Giardini, D., and J.H. Woodhouse, Deep seismicity and modes of deformation in Tonga subduction zone. Nature, 307, 505-509, 1984.
11. Goes, S., and J. Ritsema, A broadband P wave analysis of the large deep Fiji Island and Bolivia earthquakes of 1994, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 2249-2252, 1995.
12. Gomberg, J., M.L. Blanpied, and N.M. Beeler, Transient triggering of near and distant earthquakes, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 87, 294-309, 1997.
13. Green, H. W. I., and P. C. Birnley, A new self-organizing mechanism for deep focus earthquakes, Nature, 341, 733-737, 1989.
14. Green, H.W.I., and H. Houston, The mechanics of deep earthquakes, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet Sci., 24, 169-213, 1995.
15. Hill, D. P., et al., Seismicity remotely triggered by the magnitude 7.3 Landers, California earthquake, Science, 260, 1617-1623, 1993.
16. Hobbs, B.E., and A. Ord, Plastic instabilities: Implications for the origin of intermediate and deep focus earthquakes, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 10,521-10,540, 1988.
17. Jordan, T.H., and K.A. Sverdrup, Teleseismic location techniques and their application to earthquake clusters in the South-Central Pacific, Bull Seismol. Soc. Am., 71, 1105-1130, 1981.
18. Kanamori, H., D.L. Anderson, and T.H. Heaton, Frictional melting during faulting, Science, 279, 839, 1998.
19. Kennett, B.L.N., Seismic wave propagation in stratified media, 339 pp., Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 1983.
20. King, G.C.P., R.S. Stein, and J. Lin, Static stress changes and the triggering of earthquakes, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 84, 935-953, 1994.
21. Kirby, S.H., Localized polymorphic phase transformations in high-pressure faults and applications to the physical mechanism of deep earthquakes, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 13,789-13,800, 1987.
22. Kirby, S.H., S. Stein, E.A. Okal, and D. Rubie, Deep earthquakes and metastable mantle phase transformations in subducting oceanic lithosphere, Rev. Geophys., 34, 261-306, 1996.
23. Kisslinger, C., Aftershocks and fault-zone properties. Adv. Geophys., 38, 1-36, 1996.
24. Kisslinger, C., and A. Hasegawa, Seismotectonics of intermediate-depth earthquakes from properties of aftershock sequences, Tectonophysics, 197, 27-40, 1991.
25. Kisslinger, C., and L.M. Jones, Properties of aftershock sequences in Southern California, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 11,947-11,958, 1991.
26. Koper, K.D., D.A. Wiens, L.M. Dorman, J.A. Hildebrand, and S.C. Webb, Modeling the Tonga slab: Can travel time data resolve a metastable olivine wedge?, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 30,079-30,100, 1998.
27. Langston, C.A., and D.V. Helmberger, A procedure for modelling shallow dislocation sources, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 42, 117-130, 1975.
28. Lundgren, P., and D. Giardini, The June 9 Bolivia and March 9 Fiji deep earthquakes of 1994: I. Source processes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 2241-2244, 1995.
29. McGuire, J.J., D.A. Wiens, P.J. Shore, and M.G. Bevis, The March 9, 1994 deep Tonga earthquake: Rupture outside the seismically active slab, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 15,163-15,182, 1997.
30. Meade, C., and R. Jeanloz, Deep-focus earthquakes and recyling of water into the Earth's mantle, Science, 252, 68-72, 1991.
31. Mendoza, C., and S. Hartzell, Aftershock patterns and mainshock faulting, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 79, 655-669, 1988.
32. Mikumo, T., and T. Miyatake, Earthquake sequences on a frictional fault model with non-uniform frictions and near-field seismic waves, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 59, 497-522, 1979.
33. Myers, S.C., T.C. Wallace, S.L. Beck, P.G. Silver, G. Zandt, J. Vandecar, and E. Minaya, Implications of spatial and temporal development of the aftershock sequence for the Mw 8.3 June 9, 1994 deep Bolivian earthquake, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 2269-2272, 1995.
34. Nothard, S., J. Haines, J. Jackson, and B. Holt, Distributed deformation in the subducting lithosphere, Geophys. J. Int., 127, 328-338, 1996.
35. Nyffenegger, P., and C. Frohlich, Aftershock occurrence rate decay properties for intermediate and deep earthquake sequences, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 1221-1224, 2000.
36. Ogata, Y., Estimation of the parameters in the modified Omori formula for aftershock frequencies by the maximum likelihood procedure, J. Phys. Earth, 31, 115-124, 1983.
37. Ogawa, M., Shear instability in a visco-elastic material as the cause of deep focus earthquakes, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 13,801-13,810, 1987.
38. Okal, E. A., A reassessment of the deep Fiji earthquake of 26 May 1932, Tectonophysics, 275, 313-330, 1997.
39. Okal, E. A., and B. A. Romanowicz, On the variation of b-values with earthquake size, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 87, 55-76, 1994.
40. Page, R., Focal depths of aftershocks, J. Geophys. Res., 73, 3897-3903, 1968.
41. Pavlis, G.L., and M.W. Hamburger, Aftershock sequences of intermediate-depth earthquakes in the Pamir-Hindu Rush seismic zone, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 18107-18117, 1991.
42. Rubie, D.C., and C.R. Ross II, Kinetics of the olivine-spinel transformation in subducting lithosphere: Experimental constraints and implications for deep slab processes, Phys. Earth Planet Inter., 86, 223-241, 1994.
43. Rundle, J.B., Derivation of the complete Gutenberg-Richter magnitude-frequency relation using the principle of scale invariance, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 12,337-12,342, 1989.
44. Silver, P., S. Beck, T. Wallace, C. Meade, S. Myers, D. James, and R. Kuehnel, Rupture characteristics of the deep Bolivian earthquake of 9 June 1994 and the mechanism of deep-focus earthquakes, Science, 268, 69-73, 1995.
45. Tajima, F., and H. Kanamori, Global survey of aftershock area expansion patterns, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 40, 77-134, 1985.
46. Tibi, R., C.H. Estabrook, and G. Bock, The 1996 June 17 Flores Sea and 1994 March 9 Tonga-Fiji earthquakes: source processes and deep earthquake mechanisms, Geophys. J. Int., 138, 625-642, 1999.
47. Utsu, T., A statistical study on the occurrence of aftershocks, Geophys. Mag., 30, 521-605, 1961.
48. Wiens, D.A., and H.J. Gilbert, Effect of slab temperature on deep-earthquake aftershock productivity and magnitude-frequency relations, Nature, 384, 153-156, 1996.
49. Wiens, D.A., J.J. McGuire, P.J. Shore, M.G. Bevis, K. Draunidalo, G. Prasad, and S. Helu, A deep earthquake aftershock sequence and implications for the rupture mechanism of deep earthquakes, Nature, 372, 540-543, 1994.
50. Wiens, D.A., H.J. Gilbert, B. Hicks, M.E. Wysession, and P.J. Shore, Aftershock sequences of moderate-sized intermediate and deep earthquakes in the Tonga subduction zone, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 2059-2062, 1997.
51. Wu, L -R., and W.-P. Chen, Anomalous aftershocks of deep earthquakes in Mariana, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 1977-1980, 1999
52. Willemann, R.J., and C. Frohlich, Spatial patterns of aftershocks of deep focus earthquakes, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 13927-13943, 1987.