Effects of protease inhibitors on hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and lipodystrophy: A 5-year cohort study

Archives of Internal Medicine

Volumn 160, Issue 13, 2000, Pages 2050-2056

  Tsiodras, Sotirios ^a,b,d   Mantzoros, Christos ^a,c   Hammer, Scott ^a   Samore, Matthew ^a  

^a HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^b Lilian Voudouri Inst Scholarship   (Greece)

^c NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH   (United States)

^d BETH ISRAEL DEACONESS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PROTEINASE INHIBITOR;

ADULT; ARTICLE; DRUG EFFECT; FEMALE; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; HYPERLIPIDEMIA; LIPID BLOOD LEVEL; LIPODYSTROPHY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

EID: 0034631873     PISSN: 00039926     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1001/archinte.160.13.2050     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Hammer SM, Squires KE, Hughes MD, et al. A controlled trial of two nucleoside analogues plus indinavir in persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection and CD4 cell counts of 200 per cubic millimeter or less. N Engl J Med. 1997; 337:725-733.
2. Gulick RM, Mellors JW, Havlir D, et al. Treatment with indinavir, zidovudine and lamivudine in adults with human immunodeficiency virus infection and prior antiretroviral therapy. N Engl J Med. 1997;337:734-739.
3. Palella FJ Jr, Delaney KM, Moorman AC, et al. Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:853-860.
4. Murray M, Lumpkin MD. FDA Public Health Advisory: Reports of Diabetes and Hyperglycemia in Patients Receiving Protease Inhibitors for the Treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Bethesda, Md: Food and Drug Administration; 1997.
5. Carr A, Samaras K, Burton S, et al. A syndrome of peripheral lipodystrophy, hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance in patients receiving HIV protease inhibitors. AIDS. 1998;12:F51-F58.
6. Carr A, Samaras K, Thorisdottir A, Kaufmann GR, Chisholm DJ, Cooper DA. Diagnosis, prediction, and natural course of HIV-1 protease-inhibitor-associated lipodystrophy, hyperlipidaemia, and diabetes mellitus: a cohort study. Lancet. 1999;353:2093-2099.
7. Viraben R, Aquilina C. Indinavir-associated lipodystrophy. AIDS. 1998;12:F37-F39.
8. Miller KD, Jones E, Yanovski JA, Shankar R, Feuerstein I, Falloon J. Visceral abdominal fat accumulation associated with use of indinavir. Lancet. 1998;351: 871-875.
9. DeFronzo R. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. In: Defronzo R, ed. Current Therapy of Diabetes Mellitus. St Louis, Mo: Mosby-Yearbook Inc; 1998:1-5.
10. The Expert Panel. Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Arch Intern Med. 1988;148:36-69.
11. Mason AL, Lau JY, Hoang N, et al. Association of diabetes mellitus and chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Hepatology. 1999;29:328-333.
12. Hadziyannis S, Karamanos B. Diabetes mellitus and chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Hepatology. 1999;29:604-605.
13. Dong BJ, Gruta C, Legg J, Balano K, Goldschmit RH. Diabetes and use of protease inhibitors. In: Program and Abstracts of the Fifth Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Chicago, III, February 1-5, 1998. Alexandria, Va: Foundation for Retrovirology and Human Health; 1998:157. Abstract 416.
14. Vancouwenberghe C, King JH, Gordon J, McNulty J, Smith B, Mojica M. Clinical investigation of the incidence and severity of elevated cholesterol (CH) and triglycerides (TG) in AIDS patients receiving protease inhibitor (PI) therapy. In: Abstracts of the 38th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, San Diego, Calif, September 24-27, 1998. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology; 1998:384. Abstract 1-87.
15. Nelson MR, Moyle G, Newell A, Feher BG, Gazzard BG. The incidence of hyperlipidemia with protease inhibitors. In: Abstracts of the 38th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, San Diego, Calif, September 24-27, 1998. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology; 1998:389. Abstract 1-87.
16. Danner SA, Carr A, Leonard JM, et al. A short-term study of the safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of ritonavir, an inhibitor of HIV-1 protease. N Engl J Med. 1995;333:1528-1533.
17. Markowitz M, Saag M, Powderly WG, et al. A preliminary study of ritonavir, an inhibitor of HIV-1 protease to treat HIV-1 infection. N Engl J Med. 1995;333: 1534-1539.
18. Cameron DW, Heath-Chiozzi M, Danner S. et al. Randomized placebo-controlled trial of ritonavir in advanced HIV-1 disease. Lancet. 1998;351:543-549.
19. Kotler DP, Rosenblaum KB, Wang J, Pierson RN Jr. Alterations in body fat distribution in HIV-infected men and women. In: 12th World AIDS Conference, Geneva, Conference Record. Northfield, Minn: Marathon Multimedia; 1998:554-555. Abstract 32173.
20. Henry K, Melroe H, Huebsch J, et al. Severe premature coronary artery disease with protease inhibitors [letter]. Lancet. 1998;351:1328.
21. Bjorntorp P. Abdominal obesity and the development of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Rev. 1988;4:615-622.
22. Martin MJ, Hulley SB, Browner WS, Kuller LH, Wentworth D. Serum cholesterol, blood pressure, and mortality: implications from a cohort of 361662 men. Lancet. 1986;2:933-939.
23. Klag MJ, Ford DE, Mead LA, et al. Serum cholesterol in young men and subsequent cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med. 1993;328:313-318.
24. Isles CG, Hole DJ, Gillis CR, Hawthorne VM, Lever AF. Plasma cholesterol, coronary heart disease, and cancer in the Renfrew and Paisley survey. BMJ. 1989; 298:920-924.
25. Neaton JD, Kuller LH, Wentworth D, Borhani NO. Total and cardiovascular mortality in relation to cigarette smoking, serum cholesterol concentrations and diastolic blood pressure among black and white males followed up for five years. Am Heart J. 1984;108:759-769.
26. Consensus conference: lowering blood cholesterol to prevent heart disease. JAMA. 1985;253:2080-2086.
27. Study Group EAS. Strategies for the prevention of coronary artery disease: a policy statement of the European Atherosclerosis Society. Eur Heart J. 1987;8:77-88.
28. Carr A, Samaras K, Chisholm JD, Cooper AD. Pathogenesis of HIV-1-protease inhibitor-associated peripheral lipodystrophy, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance. Lancet. 1998;352:1881-1883.
29. Ruderman NB, Toews CJ, Shafrir E. Role of free fatty acids in glucose homeostasis. Arch Intern Med. 1969;123:299-313.