Presence of 2',5'-bis-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-3'-spiro-5''(4''- amino-1'',2''-oxathiole-2'',2''-dioxide) (TSAO)-resistant virus strains in TSAO-inexperienced HIV patients

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

Volumn 16, Issue 9, 2000, Pages 825-833

  Van Laethem, K ^a   Schmit, J C ^a   Pelemans, H ^a   Balzarini, J ^a   Witvrouw, M ^a   Perez Perez M J ^b   Camarasa, M J ^b   Esnouf, R M ^a   Aquaro, S ^c   Cenci, A ^c   Perno, C F ^c   Hermans, P ^d   Sprecher, S ^d   Ruiz, L ^e   Clotet, B ^e   Van Wijngaerden, E ^a   Van Ranst, M ^a   Desmyter, J ^a   De Clercq, E ^a   Vandamme, A M ^a,f  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS LEUVEN   (Belgium)

^b INSTITUTO DE QUÍMICA MÉDICA   (Spain)

^c SAPIENZA UNIVERSITY OF ROME   (Italy)

^d SAINT PIERRE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Belgium)

^e HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARI GERMANS TRIAS I PUJOL   (Spain)

^f REGA INSTITUTE FOR MEDICAL RESEARCH   (Belgium)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DIDANOSINE; PURINE DERIVATIVE; RNA DIRECTED RNA POLYMERASE; STAVUDINE; THIOL DERIVATIVE; ZALCITABINE; ZIDOVUDINE;

AMINO ACID SUBSTITUTION; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG POTENCY; GENE FREQUENCY; GENE MUTATION; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; NONHUMAN; PHENOTYPE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; VIRUS ISOLATION; VIRUS REPLICATION; VIRUS RESISTANCE;

ANTI-HIV AGENTS; BASE SEQUENCE; DNA PRIMERS; DRUG RESISTANCE, MICROBIAL; GENES, VIRAL; HIV INFECTIONS; HIV-1; HIV-1 REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE; HUMANS; MODELS, MOLECULAR; PHENOTYPE; POINT MUTATION; PROTEIN CONFORMATION; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS; SPIRO COMPOUNDS; THYMIDINE; VARIATION (GENETICS);

EID: 0034631508     PISSN: 08892229     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/08892220050042765     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. 1. Baizarini J, Pérez-Pérez MJ, San-Félix A, et al.: 2′,5′-Bis-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-3′-spiro-5″-(4″-amino-1″,2″-oxathiole-2″,2′-dioxide) pyrimidine (TSAO) nucleoside analogues: Highly selective inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 that are targeted at the viral reverse transcriptase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1992;89:4392-4396.
2. 2. Aquaro S, Perno CF, Balestra E, et al.: Inhibition of replication of HIV in primary monocyte/macrophages by different antiviral drugs and comparitive efficacy in lymphocytes. J Leukocyte Biol 1997; 62:138-143.
3. 3. Balzarini J, Karlsson A, Vandamme A-M, et al.: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains selected for resistance against the HIV-1-specific (2′,5′-bis-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-3′-spiro-5″-(4″-amino-2″,2″-oxathiole-2 ″,2″-dioxide))-β-D-pentofuranosyl (TSAO) nucleoside analogues retain sensitivity to HIV-1-specific nonnucleoside inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993;90:6952-6956.
4. 4. Vandamme A-M, Van Laethem K, and De Clercq E: Managing resistance to anti-HIV drugs. Drugs 1999;57:337-361.
5. 5. Schinazi RF, Larder BA, and Mellors JW: Mutations in retroviral genes associated with drug resistance. Int Antiviral News 1999;7: 46-69.
6. 138 → Lys on the p51 subunit. J Biol Chem 1994;41:25255-25258.
7. 7. Balzarini J, Pelemans H, Pérez-Pérez M-J, et al.: Marked inhibitory activity of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 when combined with (-)2′,3′-dideoxy-3′thiacytidine. Mol Pharmacol 1996;49:882-890.
8. 8. Balzarini J, Karlsson A, Pérez-Pérez M-J, et al: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors show differential activity against HIV-1 mutant strains containing different amino acid substitutions in the reverse transcriptase. Virology 1993;192:246-253.
9. 9. Balzarini J, Jonckheere H, Harrison WA, et al.: Oxathiin carboxanilide derivatives: A class of non-nucleoside HIV-1 specific reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) that are active against mutant HIV-1 strains resistant to other NNRTIs. Antiviral Chem Chemother 1995;6:169-178.
10. 10. Vandamme A-M, Debyser Z, Pauwels R, et al.: Characterization of HIV-1 strains isolated from patients treated with TIBO R82913. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1994;10:39-46.
11. 11. Perno CF, Yarchoan R, Cooney DA, et al.: Replication of human immunodeficiency virus in monocytes: Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor potentiates viral production yet enhances the antiviral effect mediated by AZT and other dideoxynucleoside congeners of thymidine. J Exp Med 1989;169:933-951.
12. 12. Vandamme A-M: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as a diagnositc tool in HIV infection. Verhandelingen van de Koninklijke Academie voor Geneeskunde van België, 1994, LVI no. 3, pp. 231-265.
13. 13. Van Laethem K, Beuselinck K, Van Dooren S, De Clercq E, Desmyter J, and Vandamme A-M: Diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus infection by a polymerase chain reaction assay evaluated in patients harbouring strains of diverse geographical origin. J Virol Methods 1998;70:153-166.
14. 14. Vandamme A-M, Witvrouw M, Pannecouque C, et al.: Evaluating clinical isolates for their phenotypic and genotypic resistance against anti-HIV drugs. In: Methods in Molecular Medicine: Antiviral Methods and Protocols (Kinchington D and Schinazi RF, eds.) Humana Press, Totowa, New Jersey, 1999.
15. 15. Cenci A, Perno C-F, Menzo S, et al.: Selected nucleotide sequence of the pol gene of the monocytotropic strain HIV type 1 BaL. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1997;13:629-632.
16. 16. Schmit J-C, Cogniaux J, Hermans P, et al.: Multiple drug resistance to nucleoside analogues and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in an efficiently replicating human immunodeficiency virus type 1 patient strain. J Infect Dis 1996;174:962-968.
17. 17. D'Aquila RT and Summers WC: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H: High level expression in Escherichia coli from a plasmid constructed using the polymerase chain reaction. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 1989;2:579-587.
18. 18. Kellam P and Larder BA: Recombinant virus assay: A rapid, phenotypic assay for assessment of drug susceptibility of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1994;38:23-30.
19. 19. Reed LJ and Muench H: A simple method of estimating fifty percent endpoints. Am J Hygiene 1938;27:493-497.
20. 20. Pauwels R, Balzarini J, Baba M, et al.: Rapid and automated tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay for the detection of anti-HIV compounds. J Virol Methods 1988;20:309-321.
21. 21. Horwitz JP, Chua J, and Noel M: Nucleosides. V. The monomesylates of 1-(2′-deoxy-β-D-lyxofuranosyl)thymidine. J Org Chem 1964;29:2076-2078.
22. 22. Pérez-Pérez MJ, San-Félix A, Balzarini J, De Clercq E, and Camarasa M-J: TSAO analogues. Stereospecific synthesis and anti-HIV-1 activity of 1-(2′,5′-bis-O-(ferf-butyldimethylsilyl)-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-3′-spiro-5″-(4″-amino-1″,2″-oxathiole-2″,2″-dioxide)pyrimidine and pyrimidine-modified nucleosides. J Med Chem 1992;35:2988-2995.
23. 23. Pérez-Pérez MJ, San-Félix A, Camarasa M-J, Balzarini J, and De Clercq E: Synthesis of (1-(2′,5′-bis-O-(t-butyldimethylsilyl)-(β-D-xylo-and β-D-ribofuranosyl)thymine)-3′-spiro-5″-(4″-amino-1″,2″-oxathiole-2 ″,2″-dioxide)) (TSAO). A novel type of specific anti-HIV agents. Tetrahedron Lett 1992;33:3029-3032.
24. 24. Camarasa M-J, Pérez-Pérez MJ, San-Félix A, Balzarini J, and De Clercq E: 3′-Spiro nucleosides, a new class of specific human immunodeficiency virus type 1 inhibitors: Synthesis and antiviral activity of (2′,5′-bis-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-β-D-xylo-and ribofuranose)-3′-spiro-5″-(4″-amino-1″,2″oxathiole 2″,2″-dioxide) (TSAO) pyrimidine nucleosides. J Med Chem 1992;35:2721-2727.
25. 25. Schmit J-C, Martinez-Picado J, Ruiz L, et al: Evolution of HIV drug resistance in zidovudine/zalcitab ine-and zidovudine/didanosine-experienced patients receiving lamivudine-containing combination therapy. Antiviral Ther 1998;3:81-88.
26. 26. Mellors JW, Bazmi HZ, Schinazi RF, et al.: Novel mutations in reverse transcriptase of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reduce susceptibility to foscarnet in laboratory and clinical isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1995;39:1087-1092.
27. 27. Menéndez-Arias L and Domingo E: Resistances tables for anti-retroviral drugs. AIDS Cyber J 1998;1:95-127.
28. 27a. Hopkins AL, Ren J, Esnouf RM, et al.: Complexes of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase with inhibitors of the HEPT series reveal conformational changes relevant to the design of potent non-nucleoside inhibitors. J Med Chem 1996;39:1589-1600.
29. 27b. Esnouf RM: An extensively modified version of MolScript that includes greatly enhanced coloring capabilities. J Mol Graphics Model 1997;15:132-134.
30. 28. Ho DD, Neumann AU, Perelson AS, Chen W, Leonard JM, and Marcowitz M: Rapid turnover of plasma virions and CD4 lymphocytes in HIV-1 infection. Nature (London) 1995;373:123-126.
31. 29. Wei X, Ghosh SK, Taylor ME, et al: Viral dynamics in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Nature (London) 1995; 373:117-121.
32. 30. Domingo E, Menéndez-Arias L, and Holand JJ: RNA virus fitness. Rev Med Virol 1997;7:87-96.
33. 31. Nájera I, Holguín A, Quiñones-Mateau ME, et al.: pol gene quasi species of human immunodeficiency virus: mutations associated with drug resistance in virus from patients undergoing no drug therapy. J Virol 1995;69:23-31.
34. 32. Lech WJ, Wang G, Yang YL, et al.: In vivo sequence diversity of the protease immunodeficiency virus type 1: Presence of protease inhibitor-resistant variants in untreated subjects. J Virol 1996;70: 2038-2043.
35. 33. Van Laethem K, Van Vaerenbergh K, Schmit JC, et al: Phenotypic assays and sequencing are less sensitive than point mutation assays for the detection of resistance in mixed HIV-1 genotypic populations. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 1999;22:107-118.
36. 34. Meyers G, Hahn BH, Mellors JW, et al.: Human Retroviruses and AIDS (Database and Analysis Staff, eds.). Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 1995.