Excited state energy distribution and redistribution and chemical reactivity; mechanistic and exploratory organic photochemistry [2]

Journal of the American Chemical Society

Volumn 122, Issue 5, 2000, Pages 952-953

  Zimmerman, Howard E ^a   Alabugin, I V ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MADISON   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHEMOREACTIVITY; ENERGY TRANSFER; EXCITATION; LETTER; ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; REACTION ANALYSIS;

EID: 0034624422     PISSN: 00027863     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ja9933801     Document Type: Letter

References (51)

1. This is Paper 256 of our general series.
2. For Paper 255, see: Zimmerman, H. E.; Alabugin, I. V.; Chen, W.-C.; Zhu, Z. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 11930-11931.
3. (a) Zimmerman, H. E. Abstracts, Seventeenth National Organic Symposium of the American Chemical Society, Bloomington, IN, 1961; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1961; pp 31-41.
4. (b) Zimmerman, H. E.; Schuster, D. I. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1962, 84, 4527-4540.
5. (c) Zimmerman, H. E. Advances in Photochemistry. In Interscience Vol. 1; Noyes, A., Jr., Hammond, G. S., Pitts, J. N., Jr., Eds.; 1963; pp 183-208.
6. The publications in ref 3 outlined for the first time the reaction mechanisms of most of the photochemical reactions known at that time; these mechanisms were based on the three-dimensional electronic structures of the reactants. Theory was provided which was based on control of excited-state reactions by energetics. In the intervening years there has been a myriad of publications, including our own, dealing with the treatment of individual reactions as well as general theory regarding what controls organic photochemistry.
7. (a) Zimmerman, H. E.; Gruenbaum, W. T.; Klun, R. T.; Steinmetz, M. G.; Welter, T. R. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1978, 228-230.
8. (b) Zimmerman, H. E.; Welter, T. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 4131-4145.
9. (c) Zimmerman, H. E. Acc. Chem. Res. 1982, 10, 312-317, and references cited therein.
10. (a) Foster, J. P.; Weinhold, F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 7211-7218.
11. (b) Reed, A.; Curtiss, L. A.; Weinhold, F. Chem. Rev. 1988, 88, 899-926.
12. Gaussian98, revision A.6; Gaussian, Inc.: Pittsburgh, PA, 1998. Note that the NBO analysis is also available in earlier versions (e.g., Gaussian92 and Gaussian94).
13. 1 and thus a nonequilibrium bond geometry.
14. Computational detail and numerical results are given in Supporting Information.
15. For example, note: Head-Gordon, M.; Grafia, A. M.; Maurice, D.; White, C. A. J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 14261-14270.
16. The following lists original references as well as subsequent reviews: (a) Ciamician, G. P.; Silber, P. Chem. Ber. 1908, 41, 1071. Also see rets 3(a) and 3(b). For a review, note: Gilbert, A., Baggott, J., Eds.; Essentials of Molecular Photochemistry; Blackwell Scientific Publications: Cambridge, MA, 1991; pp 288-301. (b) Yates, P. Pure Appl. Chem. 1968, 16, 93-113. Morton, D. R.; Lee-Ruff, E.; Southam, R. M.; Turro, N. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 4349-4357. (c) Zimmerman, H. E.; Hixson, S. S.; McBride, E. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 2000-2015. (d) See ref 3(a); Wagner, P. J.; Keiso, P. A.; Kemppainen, A. E.; Zepp, R. G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 7500-7506. Wagner, P. J. Top. Curr. Chem. 1976, 66, 1-52. (e) The Conservation of Orbital Symmetry; Woodward, R. B., Hoffmann, R.; Verlag Chemie: Weinheim (Germany), 1970. Woodward, R. B.; Hoffmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 395-396. Zimmerman, H. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 1564-1565. (f) Zimmerman, H. E.; Grunewald, J. O. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 3354-3356. Zimmerman, H. E.; Nasielski, J.; Keese, R.; Swenton, J. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 4895-4903. Zimmerman, H. E.; Sebek, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 3677-3690. (g) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Kasha, M. In Light and Life; McElroy, W. D., Glass, B., Eds.; Johns Hopkins Press: Baltimore, MD, 1961; p 31. Wagner, P. J.; Park, B. Org. Photochem. 1991, 11, 227-336. (h) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Iwasaki, S.; Schaffner, K. Helv. Chim. Acta 1968, 51, 557-561. Zimmerman, H. E. Tetrahedron 1963, Suppl. 2, 19, 393-401. (i) Zimmerman, H. E.; Sandel, V. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 915-922. Zimmerman, H. E. J. Phys. Chem. A 1998, 102, 5616-5621. (j) Zimmerman, H. E.; Crumrine, D. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 498-506. (k) Zimmerman, H. E.; Binkley, R. W.; Givens, R. W.; Sherwin, M. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 3932-3933. Zimmerman, H. E. Org. Photochem.; Padwa, A., Ed.; Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1991; pp 1-36. (1) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Zimmerman, H. E. Some Theoretical Applications to Organic Chemistry. In Modern Electronic Structure Theory and Applications in Organic Chemistry; Davidson, E., Ed.; World Scientific Publishing Co.: 1998.
17. The following lists original references as well as subsequent reviews: (a) Ciamician, G. P.; Silber, P. Chem. Ber. 1908, 41, 1071. Also see rets 3(a) and 3(b). For a review, note: Gilbert, A., Baggott, J., Eds.; Essentials of Molecular Photochemistry; Blackwell Scientific Publications: Cambridge, MA, 1991; pp 288-301. (b) Yates, P. Pure Appl. Chem. 1968, 16, 93-113. Morton, D. R.; Lee-Ruff, E.; Southam, R. M.; Turro, N. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 4349-4357. (c) Zimmerman, H. E.; Hixson, S. S.; McBride, E. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 2000-2015. (d) See ref 3(a); Wagner, P. J.; Keiso, P. A.; Kemppainen, A. E.; Zepp, R. G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 7500-7506. Wagner, P. J. Top. Curr. Chem. 1976, 66, 1-52. (e) The Conservation of Orbital Symmetry; Woodward, R. B., Hoffmann, R.; Verlag Chemie: Weinheim (Germany), 1970. Woodward, R. B.; Hoffmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 395-396. Zimmerman, H. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 1564-1565. (f) Zimmerman, H. E.; Grunewald, J. O. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 3354-3356. Zimmerman, H. E.; Nasielski, J.; Keese, R.; Swenton, J. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 4895-4903. Zimmerman, H. E.; Sebek, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 3677-3690. (g) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Kasha, M. In Light and Life; McElroy, W. D., Glass, B., Eds.; Johns Hopkins Press: Baltimore, MD, 1961; p 31. Wagner, P. J.; Park, B. Org. Photochem. 1991, 11, 227-336. (h) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Iwasaki, S.; Schaffner, K. Helv. Chim. Acta 1968, 51, 557-561. Zimmerman, H. E. Tetrahedron 1963, Suppl. 2, 19, 393-401. (i) Zimmerman, H. E.; Sandel, V. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 915-922. Zimmerman, H. E. J. Phys. Chem. A 1998, 102, 5616-5621. (j) Zimmerman, H. E.; Crumrine, D. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 498-506. (k) Zimmerman, H. E.; Binkley, R. W.; Givens, R. W.; Sherwin, M. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 3932-3933. Zimmerman, H. E. Org. Photochem.; Padwa, A., Ed.; Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1991; pp 1-36. (1) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Zimmerman, H. E. Some Theoretical Applications to Organic Chemistry. In Modern Electronic Structure Theory and Applications in Organic Chemistry; Davidson, E., Ed.; World Scientific Publishing Co.: 1998.
18. The following lists original references as well as subsequent reviews: (a) Ciamician, G. P.; Silber, P. Chem. Ber. 1908, 41, 1071. Also see rets 3(a) and 3(b). For a review, note: Gilbert, A., Baggott, J., Eds.; Essentials of Molecular Photochemistry; Blackwell Scientific Publications: Cambridge, MA, 1991; pp 288-301. (b) Yates, P. Pure Appl. Chem. 1968, 16, 93-113. Morton, D. R.; Lee-Ruff, E.; Southam, R. M.; Turro, N. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 4349-4357. (c) Zimmerman, H. E.; Hixson, S. S.; McBride, E. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 2000-2015. (d) See ref 3(a); Wagner, P. J.; Keiso, P. A.; Kemppainen, A. E.; Zepp, R. G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 7500-7506. Wagner, P. J. Top. Curr. Chem. 1976, 66, 1-52. (e) The Conservation of Orbital Symmetry; Woodward, R. B., Hoffmann, R.; Verlag Chemie: Weinheim (Germany), 1970. Woodward, R. B.; Hoffmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 395-396. Zimmerman, H. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 1564-1565. (f) Zimmerman, H. E.; Grunewald, J. O. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 3354-3356. Zimmerman, H. E.; Nasielski, J.; Keese, R.; Swenton, J. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 4895-4903. Zimmerman, H. E.; Sebek, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 3677-3690. (g) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Kasha, M. In Light and Life; McElroy, W. D., Glass, B., Eds.; Johns Hopkins Press: Baltimore, MD, 1961; p 31. Wagner, P. J.; Park, B. Org. Photochem. 1991, 11, 227-336. (h) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Iwasaki, S.; Schaffner, K. Helv. Chim. Acta 1968, 51, 557-561. Zimmerman, H. E. Tetrahedron 1963, Suppl. 2, 19, 393-401. (i) Zimmerman, H. E.; Sandel, V. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 915-922. Zimmerman, H. E. J. Phys. Chem. A 1998, 102, 5616-5621. (j) Zimmerman, H. E.; Crumrine, D. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 498-506. (k) Zimmerman, H. E.; Binkley, R. W.; Givens, R. W.; Sherwin, M. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 3932-3933. Zimmerman, H. E. Org. Photochem.; Padwa, A., Ed.; Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1991; pp 1-36. (1) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Zimmerman, H. E. Some Theoretical Applications to Organic Chemistry. In Modern Electronic Structure Theory and Applications in Organic Chemistry; Davidson, E., Ed.; World Scientific Publishing Co.: 1998.
19. The following lists original references as well as subsequent reviews: (a) Ciamician, G. P.; Silber, P. Chem. Ber. 1908, 41, 1071. Also see rets 3(a) and 3(b). For a review, note: Gilbert, A., Baggott, J., Eds.; Essentials of Molecular Photochemistry; Blackwell Scientific Publications: Cambridge, MA, 1991; pp 288-301. (b) Yates, P. Pure Appl. Chem. 1968, 16, 93-113. Morton, D. R.; Lee-Ruff, E.; Southam, R. M.; Turro, N. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 4349-4357. (c) Zimmerman, H. E.; Hixson, S. S.; McBride, E. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 2000-2015. (d) See ref 3(a); Wagner, P. J.; Keiso, P. A.; Kemppainen, A. E.; Zepp, R. G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 7500-7506. Wagner, P. J. Top. Curr. Chem. 1976, 66, 1-52. (e) The Conservation of Orbital Symmetry; Woodward, R. B., Hoffmann, R.; Verlag Chemie: Weinheim (Germany), 1970. Woodward, R. B.; Hoffmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 395-396. Zimmerman, H. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 1564-1565. (f) Zimmerman, H. E.; Grunewald, J. O. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 3354-3356. Zimmerman, H. E.; Nasielski, J.; Keese, R.; Swenton, J. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 4895-4903. Zimmerman, H. E.; Sebek, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 3677-3690. (g) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Kasha, M. In Light and Life; McElroy, W. D., Glass, B., Eds.; Johns Hopkins Press: Baltimore, MD, 1961; p 31. Wagner, P. J.; Park, B. Org. Photochem. 1991, 11, 227-336. (h) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Iwasaki, S.; Schaffner, K. Helv. Chim. Acta 1968, 51, 557-561. Zimmerman, H. E. Tetrahedron 1963, Suppl. 2, 19, 393-401. (i) Zimmerman, H. E.; Sandel, V. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 915-922. Zimmerman, H. E. J. Phys. Chem. A 1998, 102, 5616-5621. (j) Zimmerman, H. E.; Crumrine, D. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 498-506. (k) Zimmerman, H. E.; Binkley, R. W.; Givens, R. W.; Sherwin, M. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 3932-3933. Zimmerman, H. E. Org. Photochem.; Padwa, A., Ed.; Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1991; pp 1-36. (1) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Zimmerman, H. E. Some Theoretical Applications to Organic Chemistry. In Modern Electronic Structure Theory and Applications in Organic Chemistry; Davidson, E., Ed.; World Scientific Publishing Co.: 1998.
20. The following lists original references as well as subsequent reviews: (a) Ciamician, G. P.; Silber, P. Chem. Ber. 1908, 41, 1071. Also see rets 3(a) and 3(b). For a review, note: Gilbert, A., Baggott, J., Eds.; Essentials of Molecular Photochemistry; Blackwell Scientific Publications: Cambridge, MA, 1991; pp 288-301. (b) Yates, P. Pure Appl. Chem. 1968, 16, 93-113. Morton, D. R.; Lee-Ruff, E.; Southam, R. M.; Turro, N. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 4349-4357. (c) Zimmerman, H. E.; Hixson, S. S.; McBride, E. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 2000-2015. (d) See ref 3(a); Wagner, P. J.; Keiso, P. A.; Kemppainen, A. E.; Zepp, R. G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 7500-7506. Wagner, P. J. Top. Curr. Chem. 1976, 66, 1-52. (e) The Conservation of Orbital Symmetry; Woodward, R. B., Hoffmann, R.; Verlag Chemie: Weinheim (Germany), 1970. Woodward, R. B.; Hoffmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 395-396. Zimmerman, H. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 1564-1565. (f) Zimmerman, H. E.; Grunewald, J. O. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 3354-3356. Zimmerman, H. E.; Nasielski, J.; Keese, R.; Swenton, J. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 4895-4903. Zimmerman, H. E.; Sebek, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 3677-3690. (g) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Kasha, M. In Light and Life; McElroy, W. D., Glass, B., Eds.; Johns Hopkins Press: Baltimore, MD, 1961; p 31. Wagner, P. J.; Park, B. Org. Photochem. 1991, 11, 227-336. (h) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Iwasaki, S.; Schaffner, K. Helv. Chim. Acta 1968, 51, 557-561. Zimmerman, H. E. Tetrahedron 1963, Suppl. 2, 19, 393-401. (i) Zimmerman, H. E.; Sandel, V. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 915-922. Zimmerman, H. E. J. Phys. Chem. A 1998, 102, 5616-5621. (j) Zimmerman, H. E.; Crumrine, D. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 498-506. (k) Zimmerman, H. E.; Binkley, R. W.; Givens, R. W.; Sherwin, M. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 3932-3933. Zimmerman, H. E. Org. Photochem.; Padwa, A., Ed.; Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1991; pp 1-36. (1) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Zimmerman, H. E. Some Theoretical Applications to Organic Chemistry. In Modern Electronic Structure Theory and Applications in Organic Chemistry; Davidson, E., Ed.; World Scientific Publishing Co.: 1998.
21. The following lists original references as well as subsequent reviews: (a) Ciamician, G. P.; Silber, P. Chem. Ber. 1908, 41, 1071. Also see rets 3(a) and 3(b). For a review, note: Gilbert, A., Baggott, J., Eds.; Essentials of Molecular Photochemistry; Blackwell Scientific Publications: Cambridge, MA, 1991; pp 288-301. (b) Yates, P. Pure Appl. Chem. 1968, 16, 93-113. Morton, D. R.; Lee-Ruff, E.; Southam, R. M.; Turro, N. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 4349-4357. (c) Zimmerman, H. E.; Hixson, S. S.; McBride, E. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 2000-2015. (d) See ref 3(a); Wagner, P. J.; Keiso, P. A.; Kemppainen, A. E.; Zepp, R. G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 7500-7506. Wagner, P. J. Top. Curr. Chem. 1976, 66, 1-52. (e) The Conservation of Orbital Symmetry; Woodward, R. B., Hoffmann, R.; Verlag Chemie: Weinheim (Germany), 1970. Woodward, R. B.; Hoffmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 395-396. Zimmerman, H. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 1564-1565. (f) Zimmerman, H. E.; Grunewald, J. O. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 3354-3356. Zimmerman, H. E.; Nasielski, J.; Keese, R.; Swenton, J. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 4895-4903. Zimmerman, H. E.; Sebek, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 3677-3690. (g) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Kasha, M. In Light and Life; McElroy, W. D., Glass, B., Eds.; Johns Hopkins Press: Baltimore, MD, 1961; p 31. Wagner, P. J.; Park, B. Org. Photochem. 1991, 11, 227-336. (h) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Iwasaki, S.; Schaffner, K. Helv. Chim. Acta 1968, 51, 557-561. Zimmerman, H. E. Tetrahedron 1963, Suppl. 2, 19, 393-401. (i) Zimmerman, H. E.; Sandel, V. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 915-922. Zimmerman, H. E. J. Phys. Chem. A 1998, 102, 5616-5621. (j) Zimmerman, H. E.; Crumrine, D. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 498-506. (k) Zimmerman, H. E.; Binkley, R. W.; Givens, R. W.; Sherwin, M. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 3932-3933. Zimmerman, H. E. Org. Photochem.; Padwa, A., Ed.; Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1991; pp 1-36. (1) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Zimmerman, H. E. Some Theoretical Applications to Organic Chemistry. In Modern Electronic Structure Theory and Applications in Organic Chemistry; Davidson, E., Ed.; World Scientific Publishing Co.: 1998.
22. The following lists original references as well as subsequent reviews: (a) Ciamician, G. P.; Silber, P. Chem. Ber. 1908, 41, 1071. Also see rets 3(a) and 3(b). For a review, note: Gilbert, A., Baggott, J., Eds.; Essentials of Molecular Photochemistry; Blackwell Scientific Publications: Cambridge, MA, 1991; pp 288-301. (b) Yates, P. Pure Appl. Chem. 1968, 16, 93-113. Morton, D. R.; Lee-Ruff, E.; Southam, R. M.; Turro, N. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 4349-4357. (c) Zimmerman, H. E.; Hixson, S. S.; McBride, E. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 2000-2015. (d) See ref 3(a); Wagner, P. J.; Keiso, P. A.; Kemppainen, A. E.; Zepp, R. G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 7500-7506. Wagner, P. J. Top. Curr. Chem. 1976, 66, 1-52. (e) The Conservation of Orbital Symmetry; Woodward, R. B., Hoffmann, R.; Verlag Chemie: Weinheim (Germany), 1970. Woodward, R. B.; Hoffmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 395-396. Zimmerman, H. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 1564-1565. (f) Zimmerman, H. E.; Grunewald, J. O. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 3354-3356. Zimmerman, H. E.; Nasielski, J.; Keese, R.; Swenton, J. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 4895-4903. Zimmerman, H. E.; Sebek, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 3677-3690. (g) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Kasha, M. In Light and Life; McElroy, W. D., Glass, B., Eds.; Johns Hopkins Press: Baltimore, MD, 1961; p 31. Wagner, P. J.; Park, B. Org. Photochem. 1991, 11, 227-336. (h) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Iwasaki, S.; Schaffner, K. Helv. Chim. Acta 1968, 51, 557-561. Zimmerman, H. E. Tetrahedron 1963, Suppl. 2, 19, 393-401. (i) Zimmerman, H. E.; Sandel, V. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 915-922. Zimmerman, H. E. J. Phys. Chem. A 1998, 102, 5616-5621. (j) Zimmerman, H. E.; Crumrine, D. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 498-506. (k) Zimmerman, H. E.; Binkley, R. W.; Givens, R. W.; Sherwin, M. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 3932-3933. Zimmerman, H. E. Org. Photochem.; Padwa, A., Ed.; Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1991; pp 1-36. (1) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Zimmerman, H. E. Some Theoretical Applications to Organic Chemistry. In Modern Electronic Structure Theory and Applications in Organic Chemistry; Davidson, E., Ed.; World Scientific Publishing Co.: 1998.
23. The following lists original references as well as subsequent reviews: (a) Ciamician, G. P.; Silber, P. Chem. Ber. 1908, 41, 1071. Also see rets 3(a) and 3(b). For a review, note: Gilbert, A., Baggott, J., Eds.; Essentials of Molecular Photochemistry; Blackwell Scientific Publications: Cambridge, MA, 1991; pp 288-301. (b) Yates, P. Pure Appl. Chem. 1968, 16, 93-113. Morton, D. R.; Lee-Ruff, E.; Southam, R. M.; Turro, N. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 4349-4357. (c) Zimmerman, H. E.; Hixson, S. S.; McBride, E. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 2000-2015. (d) See ref 3(a); Wagner, P. J.; Keiso, P. A.; Kemppainen, A. E.; Zepp, R. G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 7500-7506. Wagner, P. J. Top. Curr. Chem. 1976, 66, 1-52. (e) The Conservation of Orbital Symmetry; Woodward, R. B., Hoffmann, R.; Verlag Chemie: Weinheim (Germany), 1970. Woodward, R. B.; Hoffmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 395-396. Zimmerman, H. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 1564-1565. (f) Zimmerman, H. E.; Grunewald, J. O. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 3354-3356. Zimmerman, H. E.; Nasielski, J.; Keese, R.; Swenton, J. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 4895-4903. Zimmerman, H. E.; Sebek, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 3677-3690. (g) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Kasha, M. In Light and Life; McElroy, W. D., Glass, B., Eds.; Johns Hopkins Press: Baltimore, MD, 1961; p 31. Wagner, P. J.; Park, B. Org. Photochem. 1991, 11, 227-336. (h) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Iwasaki, S.; Schaffner, K. Helv. Chim. Acta 1968, 51, 557-561. Zimmerman, H. E. Tetrahedron 1963, Suppl. 2, 19, 393-401. (i) Zimmerman, H. E.; Sandel, V. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 915-922. Zimmerman, H. E. J. Phys. Chem. A 1998, 102, 5616-5621. (j) Zimmerman, H. E.; Crumrine, D. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 498-506. (k) Zimmerman, H. E.; Binkley, R. W.; Givens, R. W.; Sherwin, M. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 3932-3933. Zimmerman, H. E. Org. Photochem.; Padwa, A., Ed.; Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1991; pp 1-36. (1) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Zimmerman, H. E. Some Theoretical Applications to Organic Chemistry. In Modern Electronic Structure Theory and Applications in Organic Chemistry; Davidson, E., Ed.; World Scientific Publishing Co.: 1998.
24. The following lists original references as well as subsequent reviews: (a) Ciamician, G. P.; Silber, P. Chem. Ber. 1908, 41, 1071. Also see rets 3(a) and 3(b). For a review, note: Gilbert, A., Baggott, J., Eds.; Essentials of Molecular Photochemistry; Blackwell Scientific Publications: Cambridge, MA, 1991; pp 288-301. (b) Yates, P. Pure Appl. Chem. 1968, 16, 93-113. Morton, D. R.; Lee-Ruff, E.; Southam, R. M.; Turro, N. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 4349-4357. (c) Zimmerman, H. E.; Hixson, S. S.; McBride, E. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 2000-2015. (d) See ref 3(a); Wagner, P. J.; Keiso, P. A.; Kemppainen, A. E.; Zepp, R. G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 7500-7506. Wagner, P. J. Top. Curr. Chem. 1976, 66, 1-52. (e) The Conservation of Orbital Symmetry; Woodward, R. B., Hoffmann, R.; Verlag Chemie: Weinheim (Germany), 1970. Woodward, R. B.; Hoffmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 395-396. Zimmerman, H. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 1564-1565. (f) Zimmerman, H. E.; Grunewald, J. O. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 3354-3356. Zimmerman, H. E.; Nasielski, J.; Keese, R.; Swenton, J. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 4895-4903. Zimmerman, H. E.; Sebek, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 3677-3690. (g) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Kasha, M. In Light and Life; McElroy, W. D., Glass, B., Eds.; Johns Hopkins Press: Baltimore, MD, 1961; p 31. Wagner, P. J.; Park, B. Org. Photochem. 1991, 11, 227-336. (h) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Iwasaki, S.; Schaffner, K. Helv. Chim. Acta 1968, 51, 557-561. Zimmerman, H. E. Tetrahedron 1963, Suppl. 2, 19, 393-401. (i) Zimmerman, H. E.; Sandel, V. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 915-922. Zimmerman, H. E. J. Phys. Chem. A 1998, 102, 5616-5621. (j) Zimmerman, H. E.; Crumrine, D. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 498-506. (k) Zimmerman, H. E.; Binkley, R. W.; Givens, R. W.; Sherwin, M. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 3932-3933. Zimmerman, H. E. Org. Photochem.; Padwa, A., Ed.; Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1991; pp 1-36. (1) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Zimmerman, H. E. Some Theoretical Applications to Organic Chemistry. In Modern Electronic Structure Theory and Applications in Organic Chemistry; Davidson, E., Ed.; World Scientific Publishing Co.: 1998.
25. The following lists original references as well as subsequent reviews: (a) Ciamician, G. P.; Silber, P. Chem. Ber. 1908, 41, 1071. Also see rets 3(a) and 3(b). For a review, note: Gilbert, A., Baggott, J., Eds.; Essentials of Molecular Photochemistry; Blackwell Scientific Publications: Cambridge, MA, 1991; pp 288-301. (b) Yates, P. Pure Appl. Chem. 1968, 16, 93-113. Morton, D. R.; Lee-Ruff, E.; Southam, R. M.; Turro, N. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 4349-4357. (c) Zimmerman, H. E.; Hixson, S. S.; McBride, E. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 2000-2015. (d) See ref 3(a); Wagner, P. J.; Keiso, P. A.; Kemppainen, A. E.; Zepp, R. G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 7500-7506. Wagner, P. J. Top. Curr. Chem. 1976, 66, 1-52. (e) The Conservation of Orbital Symmetry; Woodward, R. B., Hoffmann, R.; Verlag Chemie: Weinheim (Germany), 1970. Woodward, R. B.; Hoffmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 395-396. Zimmerman, H. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 1564-1565. (f) Zimmerman, H. E.; Grunewald, J. O. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 3354-3356. Zimmerman, H. E.; Nasielski, J.; Keese, R.; Swenton, J. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 4895-4903. Zimmerman, H. E.; Sebek, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 3677-3690. (g) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Kasha, M. In Light and Life; McElroy, W. D., Glass, B., Eds.; Johns Hopkins Press: Baltimore, MD, 1961; p 31. Wagner, P. J.; Park, B. Org. Photochem. 1991, 11, 227-336. (h) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Iwasaki, S.; Schaffner, K. Helv. Chim. Acta 1968, 51, 557-561. Zimmerman, H. E. Tetrahedron 1963, Suppl. 2, 19, 393-401. (i) Zimmerman, H. E.; Sandel, V. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 915-922. Zimmerman, H. E. J. Phys. Chem. A 1998, 102, 5616-5621. (j) Zimmerman, H. E.; Crumrine, D. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 498-506. (k) Zimmerman, H. E.; Binkley, R. W.; Givens, R. W.; Sherwin, M. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 3932-3933. Zimmerman, H. E. Org. Photochem.; Padwa, A., Ed.; Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1991; pp 1-36. (1) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Zimmerman, H. E. Some Theoretical Applications to Organic Chemistry. In Modern Electronic Structure Theory and Applications in Organic Chemistry; Davidson, E., Ed.; World Scientific Publishing Co.: 1998.
26. The following lists original references as well as subsequent reviews: (a) Ciamician, G. P.; Silber, P. Chem. Ber. 1908, 41, 1071. Also see rets 3(a) and 3(b). For a review, note: Gilbert, A., Baggott, J., Eds.; Essentials of Molecular Photochemistry; Blackwell Scientific Publications: Cambridge, MA, 1991; pp 288-301. (b) Yates, P. Pure Appl. Chem. 1968, 16, 93-113. Morton, D. R.; Lee-Ruff, E.; Southam, R. M.; Turro, N. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 4349-4357. (c) Zimmerman, H. E.; Hixson, S. S.; McBride, E. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 2000-2015. (d) See ref 3(a); Wagner, P. J.; Keiso, P. A.; Kemppainen, A. E.; Zepp, R. G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 7500-7506. Wagner, P. J. Top. Curr. Chem. 1976, 66, 1-52. (e) The Conservation of Orbital Symmetry; Woodward, R. B., Hoffmann, R.; Verlag Chemie: Weinheim (Germany), 1970. Woodward, R. B.; Hoffmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 395-396. Zimmerman, H. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 1564-1565. (f) Zimmerman, H. E.; Grunewald, J. O. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 3354-3356. Zimmerman, H. E.; Nasielski, J.; Keese, R.; Swenton, J. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 4895-4903. Zimmerman, H. E.; Sebek, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 3677-3690. (g) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Kasha, M. In Light and Life; McElroy, W. D., Glass, B., Eds.; Johns Hopkins Press: Baltimore, MD, 1961; p 31. Wagner, P. J.; Park, B. Org. Photochem. 1991, 11, 227-336. (h) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Iwasaki, S.; Schaffner, K. Helv. Chim. Acta 1968, 51, 557-561. Zimmerman, H. E. Tetrahedron 1963, Suppl. 2, 19, 393-401. (i) Zimmerman, H. E.; Sandel, V. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 915-922. Zimmerman, H. E. J. Phys. Chem. A 1998, 102, 5616-5621. (j) Zimmerman, H. E.; Crumrine, D. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 498-506. (k) Zimmerman, H. E.; Binkley, R. W.; Givens, R. W.; Sherwin, M. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 3932-3933. Zimmerman, H. E. Org. Photochem.; Padwa, A., Ed.; Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1991; pp 1-36. (1) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Zimmerman, H. E. Some Theoretical Applications to Organic Chemistry. In Modern Electronic Structure Theory and Applications in Organic Chemistry; Davidson, E., Ed.; World Scientific Publishing Co.: 1998.
27. The following lists original references as well as subsequent reviews: (a) Ciamician, G. P.; Silber, P. Chem. Ber. 1908, 41, 1071. Also see rets 3(a) and 3(b). For a review, note: Gilbert, A., Baggott, J., Eds.; Essentials of Molecular Photochemistry; Blackwell Scientific Publications: Cambridge, MA, 1991; pp 288-301. (b) Yates, P. Pure Appl. Chem. 1968, 16, 93-113. Morton, D. R.; Lee-Ruff, E.; Southam, R. M.; Turro, N. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 4349-4357. (c) Zimmerman, H. E.; Hixson, S. S.; McBride, E. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 2000-2015. (d) See ref 3(a); Wagner, P. J.; Keiso, P. A.; Kemppainen, A. E.; Zepp, R. G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 7500-7506. Wagner, P. J. Top. Curr. Chem. 1976, 66, 1-52. (e) The Conservation of Orbital Symmetry; Woodward, R. B., Hoffmann, R.; Verlag Chemie: Weinheim (Germany), 1970. Woodward, R. B.; Hoffmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 395-396. Zimmerman, H. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 1564-1565. (f) Zimmerman, H. E.; Grunewald, J. O. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 3354-3356. Zimmerman, H. E.; Nasielski, J.; Keese, R.; Swenton, J. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 4895-4903. Zimmerman, H. E.; Sebek, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 3677-3690. (g) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Kasha, M. In Light and Life; McElroy, W. D., Glass, B., Eds.; Johns Hopkins Press: Baltimore, MD, 1961; p 31. Wagner, P. J.; Park, B. Org. Photochem. 1991, 11, 227-336. (h) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Iwasaki, S.; Schaffner, K. Helv. Chim. Acta 1968, 51, 557-561. Zimmerman, H. E. Tetrahedron 1963, Suppl. 2, 19, 393-401. (i) Zimmerman, H. E.; Sandel, V. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 915-922. Zimmerman, H. E. J. Phys. Chem. A 1998, 102, 5616-5621. (j) Zimmerman, H. E.; Crumrine, D. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 498-506. (k) Zimmerman, H. E.; Binkley, R. W.; Givens, R. W.; Sherwin, M. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 3932-3933. Zimmerman, H. E. Org. Photochem.; Padwa, A., Ed.; Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1991; pp 1-36. (1) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Zimmerman, H. E. Some Theoretical Applications to Organic Chemistry. In Modern Electronic Structure Theory and Applications in Organic Chemistry; Davidson, E., Ed.; World Scientific Publishing Co.: 1998.
28. The following lists original references as well as subsequent reviews: (a) Ciamician, G. P.; Silber, P. Chem. Ber. 1908, 41, 1071. Also see rets 3(a) and 3(b). For a review, note: Gilbert, A., Baggott, J., Eds.; Essentials of Molecular Photochemistry; Blackwell Scientific Publications: Cambridge, MA, 1991; pp 288-301. (b) Yates, P. Pure Appl. Chem. 1968, 16, 93-113. Morton, D. R.; Lee-Ruff, E.; Southam, R. M.; Turro, N. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 4349-4357. (c) Zimmerman, H. E.; Hixson, S. S.; McBride, E. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 2000-2015. (d) See ref 3(a); Wagner, P. J.; Keiso, P. A.; Kemppainen, A. E.; Zepp, R. G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 7500-7506. Wagner, P. J. Top. Curr. Chem. 1976, 66, 1-52. (e) The Conservation of Orbital Symmetry; Woodward, R. B., Hoffmann, R.; Verlag Chemie: Weinheim (Germany), 1970. Woodward, R. B.; Hoffmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 395-396. Zimmerman, H. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 1564-1565. (f) Zimmerman, H. E.; Grunewald, J. O. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 3354-3356. Zimmerman, H. E.; Nasielski, J.; Keese, R.; Swenton, J. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 4895-4903. Zimmerman, H. E.; Sebek, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 3677-3690. (g) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Kasha, M. In Light and Life; McElroy, W. D., Glass, B., Eds.; Johns Hopkins Press: Baltimore, MD, 1961; p 31. Wagner, P. J.; Park, B. Org. Photochem. 1991, 11, 227-336. (h) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Iwasaki, S.; Schaffner, K. Helv. Chim. Acta 1968, 51, 557-561. Zimmerman, H. E. Tetrahedron 1963, Suppl. 2, 19, 393-401. (i) Zimmerman, H. E.; Sandel, V. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 915-922. Zimmerman, H. E. J. Phys. Chem. A 1998, 102, 5616-5621. (j) Zimmerman, H. E.; Crumrine, D. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 498-506. (k) Zimmerman, H. E.; Binkley, R. W.; Givens, R. W.; Sherwin, M. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 3932-3933. Zimmerman, H. E. Org. Photochem.; Padwa, A., Ed.; Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1991; pp 1-36. (1) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Zimmerman, H. E. Some Theoretical Applications to Organic Chemistry. In Modern Electronic Structure Theory and Applications in Organic Chemistry; Davidson, E., Ed.; World Scientific Publishing Co.: 1998.
29. The following lists original references as well as subsequent reviews: (a) Ciamician, G. P.; Silber, P. Chem. Ber. 1908, 41, 1071. Also see rets 3(a) and 3(b). For a review, note: Gilbert, A., Baggott, J., Eds.; Essentials of Molecular Photochemistry; Blackwell Scientific Publications: Cambridge, MA, 1991; pp 288-301. (b) Yates, P. Pure Appl. Chem. 1968, 16, 93-113. Morton, D. R.; Lee-Ruff, E.; Southam, R. M.; Turro, N. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 4349-4357. (c) Zimmerman, H. E.; Hixson, S. S.; McBride, E. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 2000-2015. (d) See ref 3(a); Wagner, P. J.; Keiso, P. A.; Kemppainen, A. E.; Zepp, R. G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 7500-7506. Wagner, P. J. Top. Curr. Chem. 1976, 66, 1-52. (e) The Conservation of Orbital Symmetry; Woodward, R. B., Hoffmann, R.; Verlag Chemie: Weinheim (Germany), 1970. Woodward, R. B.; Hoffmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 395-396. Zimmerman, H. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 1564-1565. (f) Zimmerman, H. E.; Grunewald, J. O. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 3354-3356. Zimmerman, H. E.; Nasielski, J.; Keese, R.; Swenton, J. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 4895-4903. Zimmerman, H. E.; Sebek, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 3677-3690. (g) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Kasha, M. In Light and Life; McElroy, W. D., Glass, B., Eds.; Johns Hopkins Press: Baltimore, MD, 1961; p 31. Wagner, P. J.; Park, B. Org. Photochem. 1991, 11, 227-336. (h) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Iwasaki, S.; Schaffner, K. Helv. Chim. Acta 1968, 51, 557-561. Zimmerman, H. E. Tetrahedron 1963, Suppl. 2, 19, 393-401. (i) Zimmerman, H. E.; Sandel, V. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 915-922. Zimmerman, H. E. J. Phys. Chem. A 1998, 102, 5616-5621. (j) Zimmerman, H. E.; Crumrine, D. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 498-506. (k) Zimmerman, H. E.; Binkley, R. W.; Givens, R. W.; Sherwin, M. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 3932-3933. Zimmerman, H. E. Org. Photochem.; Padwa, A., Ed.; Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1991; pp 1-36. (1) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Zimmerman, H. E. Some Theoretical Applications to Organic Chemistry. In Modern Electronic Structure Theory and Applications in Organic Chemistry; Davidson, E., Ed.; World Scientific Publishing Co.: 1998.
30. The following lists original references as well as subsequent reviews: (a) Ciamician, G. P.; Silber, P. Chem. Ber. 1908, 41, 1071. Also see rets 3(a) and 3(b). For a review, note: Gilbert, A., Baggott, J., Eds.; Essentials of Molecular Photochemistry; Blackwell Scientific Publications: Cambridge, MA, 1991; pp 288-301. (b) Yates, P. Pure Appl. Chem. 1968, 16, 93-113. Morton, D. R.; Lee-Ruff, E.; Southam, R. M.; Turro, N. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 4349-4357. (c) Zimmerman, H. E.; Hixson, S. S.; McBride, E. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 2000-2015. (d) See ref 3(a); Wagner, P. J.; Keiso, P. A.; Kemppainen, A. E.; Zepp, R. G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 7500-7506. Wagner, P. J. Top. Curr. Chem. 1976, 66, 1-52. (e) The Conservation of Orbital Symmetry; Woodward, R. B., Hoffmann, R.; Verlag Chemie: Weinheim (Germany), 1970. Woodward, R. B.; Hoffmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 395-396. Zimmerman, H. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 1564-1565. (f) Zimmerman, H. E.; Grunewald, J. O. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 3354-3356. Zimmerman, H. E.; Nasielski, J.; Keese, R.; Swenton, J. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 4895-4903. Zimmerman, H. E.; Sebek, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 3677-3690. (g) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Kasha, M. In Light and Life; McElroy, W. D., Glass, B., Eds.; Johns Hopkins Press: Baltimore, MD, 1961; p 31. Wagner, P. J.; Park, B. Org. Photochem. 1991, 11, 227-336. (h) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Iwasaki, S.; Schaffner, K. Helv. Chim. Acta 1968, 51, 557-561. Zimmerman, H. E. Tetrahedron 1963, Suppl. 2, 19, 393-401. (i) Zimmerman, H. E.; Sandel, V. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 915-922. Zimmerman, H. E. J. Phys. Chem. A 1998, 102, 5616-5621. (j) Zimmerman, H. E.; Crumrine, D. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 498-506. (k) Zimmerman, H. E.; Binkley, R. W.; Givens, R. W.; Sherwin, M. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 3932-3933. Zimmerman, H. E. Org. Photochem.; Padwa, A., Ed.; Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1991; pp 1-36. (1) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Zimmerman, H. E. Some Theoretical Applications to Organic Chemistry. In Modern Electronic Structure Theory and Applications in Organic Chemistry; Davidson, E., Ed.; World Scientific Publishing Co.: 1998.
31. The following lists original references as well as subsequent reviews: (a) Ciamician, G. P.; Silber, P. Chem. Ber. 1908, 41, 1071. Also see rets 3(a) and 3(b). For a review, note: Gilbert, A., Baggott, J., Eds.; Essentials of Molecular Photochemistry; Blackwell Scientific Publications: Cambridge, MA, 1991; pp 288-301. (b) Yates, P. Pure Appl. Chem. 1968, 16, 93-113. Morton, D. R.; Lee-Ruff, E.; Southam, R. M.; Turro, N. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 4349-4357. (c) Zimmerman, H. E.; Hixson, S. S.; McBride, E. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 2000-2015. (d) See ref 3(a); Wagner, P. J.; Keiso, P. A.; Kemppainen, A. E.; Zepp, R. G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 7500-7506. Wagner, P. J. Top. Curr. Chem. 1976, 66, 1-52. (e) The Conservation of Orbital Symmetry; Woodward, R. B., Hoffmann, R.; Verlag Chemie: Weinheim (Germany), 1970. Woodward, R. B.; Hoffmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 395-396. Zimmerman, H. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 1564-1565. (f) Zimmerman, H. E.; Grunewald, J. O. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 3354-3356. Zimmerman, H. E.; Nasielski, J.; Keese, R.; Swenton, J. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 4895-4903. Zimmerman, H. E.; Sebek, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 3677-3690. (g) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Kasha, M. In Light and Life; McElroy, W. D., Glass, B., Eds.; Johns Hopkins Press: Baltimore, MD, 1961; p 31. Wagner, P. J.; Park, B. Org. Photochem. 1991, 11, 227-336. (h) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Iwasaki, S.; Schaffner, K. Helv. Chim. Acta 1968, 51, 557-561. Zimmerman, H. E. Tetrahedron 1963, Suppl. 2, 19, 393-401. (i) Zimmerman, H. E.; Sandel, V. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 915-922. Zimmerman, H. E. J. Phys. Chem. A 1998, 102, 5616-5621. (j) Zimmerman, H. E.; Crumrine, D. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 498-506. (k) Zimmerman, H. E.; Binkley, R. W.; Givens, R. W.; Sherwin, M. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 3932-3933. Zimmerman, H. E. Org. Photochem.; Padwa, A., Ed.; Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1991; pp 1-36. (1) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Zimmerman, H. E. Some Theoretical Applications to Organic Chemistry. In Modern Electronic Structure Theory and Applications in Organic Chemistry; Davidson, E., Ed.; World Scientific Publishing Co.: 1998.
32. The following lists original references as well as subsequent reviews: (a) Ciamician, G. P.; Silber, P. Chem. Ber. 1908, 41, 1071. Also see rets 3(a) and 3(b). For a review, note: Gilbert, A., Baggott, J., Eds.; Essentials of Molecular Photochemistry; Blackwell Scientific Publications: Cambridge, MA, 1991; pp 288-301. (b) Yates, P. Pure Appl. Chem. 1968, 16, 93-113. Morton, D. R.; Lee-Ruff, E.; Southam, R. M.; Turro, N. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 4349-4357. (c) Zimmerman, H. E.; Hixson, S. S.; McBride, E. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 2000-2015. (d) See ref 3(a); Wagner, P. J.; Keiso, P. A.; Kemppainen, A. E.; Zepp, R. G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 7500-7506. Wagner, P. J. Top. Curr. Chem. 1976, 66, 1-52. (e) The Conservation of Orbital Symmetry; Woodward, R. B., Hoffmann, R.; Verlag Chemie: Weinheim (Germany), 1970. Woodward, R. B.; Hoffmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 395-396. Zimmerman, H. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 1564-1565. (f) Zimmerman, H. E.; Grunewald, J. O. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 3354-3356. Zimmerman, H. E.; Nasielski, J.; Keese, R.; Swenton, J. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 4895-4903. Zimmerman, H. E.; Sebek, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 3677-3690. (g) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Kasha, M. In Light and Life; McElroy, W. D., Glass, B., Eds.; Johns Hopkins Press: Baltimore, MD, 1961; p 31. Wagner, P. J.; Park, B. Org. Photochem. 1991, 11, 227-336. (h) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Iwasaki, S.; Schaffner, K. Helv. Chim. Acta 1968, 51, 557-561. Zimmerman, H. E. Tetrahedron 1963, Suppl. 2, 19, 393-401. (i) Zimmerman, H. E.; Sandel, V. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 915-922. Zimmerman, H. E. J. Phys. Chem. A 1998, 102, 5616-5621. (j) Zimmerman, H. E.; Crumrine, D. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 498-506. (k) Zimmerman, H. E.; Binkley, R. W.; Givens, R. W.; Sherwin, M. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 3932-3933. Zimmerman, H. E. Org. Photochem.; Padwa, A., Ed.; Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1991; pp 1-36. (1) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Zimmerman, H. E. Some Theoretical Applications to Organic Chemistry. In Modern Electronic Structure Theory and Applications in Organic Chemistry; Davidson, E., Ed.; World Scientific Publishing Co.: 1998.
33. The following lists original references as well as subsequent reviews: (a) Ciamician, G. P.; Silber, P. Chem. Ber. 1908, 41, 1071. Also see rets 3(a) and 3(b). For a review, note: Gilbert, A., Baggott, J., Eds.; Essentials of Molecular Photochemistry; Blackwell Scientific Publications: Cambridge, MA, 1991; pp 288-301. (b) Yates, P. Pure Appl. Chem. 1968, 16, 93-113. Morton, D. R.; Lee-Ruff, E.; Southam, R. M.; Turro, N. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 4349-4357. (c) Zimmerman, H. E.; Hixson, S. S.; McBride, E. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 2000-2015. (d) See ref 3(a); Wagner, P. J.; Keiso, P. A.; Kemppainen, A. E.; Zepp, R. G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 7500-7506. Wagner, P. J. Top. Curr. Chem. 1976, 66, 1-52. (e) The Conservation of Orbital Symmetry; Woodward, R. B., Hoffmann, R.; Verlag Chemie: Weinheim (Germany), 1970. Woodward, R. B.; Hoffmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 395-396. Zimmerman, H. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 1564-1565. (f) Zimmerman, H. E.; Grunewald, J. O. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 3354-3356. Zimmerman, H. E.; Nasielski, J.; Keese, R.; Swenton, J. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 4895-4903. Zimmerman, H. E.; Sebek, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 3677-3690. (g) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Kasha, M. In Light and Life; McElroy, W. D., Glass, B., Eds.; Johns Hopkins Press: Baltimore, MD, 1961; p 31. Wagner, P. J.; Park, B. Org. Photochem. 1991, 11, 227-336. (h) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Iwasaki, S.; Schaffner, K. Helv. Chim. Acta 1968, 51, 557-561. Zimmerman, H. E. Tetrahedron 1963, Suppl. 2, 19, 393-401. (i) Zimmerman, H. E.; Sandel, V. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 915-922. Zimmerman, H. E. J. Phys. Chem. A 1998, 102, 5616-5621. (j) Zimmerman, H. E.; Crumrine, D. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 498-506. (k) Zimmerman, H. E.; Binkley, R. W.; Givens, R. W.; Sherwin, M. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 3932-3933. Zimmerman, H. E. Org. Photochem.; Padwa, A., Ed.; Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1991; pp 1-36. (1) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Zimmerman, H. E. Some Theoretical Applications to Organic Chemistry. In Modern Electronic Structure Theory and Applications in Organic Chemistry; Davidson, E., Ed.; World Scientific Publishing Co.: 1998.
34. The following lists original references as well as subsequent reviews: (a) Ciamician, G. P.; Silber, P. Chem. Ber. 1908, 41, 1071. Also see rets 3(a) and 3(b). For a review, note: Gilbert, A., Baggott, J., Eds.; Essentials of Molecular Photochemistry; Blackwell Scientific Publications: Cambridge, MA, 1991; pp 288-301. (b) Yates, P. Pure Appl. Chem. 1968, 16, 93-113. Morton, D. R.; Lee-Ruff, E.; Southam, R. M.; Turro, N. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 4349-4357. (c) Zimmerman, H. E.; Hixson, S. S.; McBride, E. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 2000-2015. (d) See ref 3(a); Wagner, P. J.; Keiso, P. A.; Kemppainen, A. E.; Zepp, R. G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 7500-7506. Wagner, P. J. Top. Curr. Chem. 1976, 66, 1-52. (e) The Conservation of Orbital Symmetry; Woodward, R. B., Hoffmann, R.; Verlag Chemie: Weinheim (Germany), 1970. Woodward, R. B.; Hoffmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 395-396. Zimmerman, H. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 1564-1565. (f) Zimmerman, H. E.; Grunewald, J. O. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 3354-3356. Zimmerman, H. E.; Nasielski, J.; Keese, R.; Swenton, J. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 4895-4903. Zimmerman, H. E.; Sebek, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 3677-3690. (g) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Kasha, M. In Light and Life; McElroy, W. D., Glass, B., Eds.; Johns Hopkins Press: Baltimore, MD, 1961; p 31. Wagner, P. J.; Park, B. Org. Photochem. 1991, 11, 227-336. (h) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Iwasaki, S.; Schaffner, K. Helv. Chim. Acta 1968, 51, 557-561. Zimmerman, H. E. Tetrahedron 1963, Suppl. 2, 19, 393-401. (i) Zimmerman, H. E.; Sandel, V. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 915-922. Zimmerman, H. E. J. Phys. Chem. A 1998, 102, 5616-5621. (j) Zimmerman, H. E.; Crumrine, D. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 498-506. (k) Zimmerman, H. E.; Binkley, R. W.; Givens, R. W.; Sherwin, M. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 3932-3933. Zimmerman, H. E. Org. Photochem.; Padwa, A., Ed.; Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1991; pp 1-36. (1) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Zimmerman, H. E. Some Theoretical Applications to Organic Chemistry. In Modern Electronic Structure Theory and Applications in Organic Chemistry; Davidson, E., Ed.; World Scientific Publishing Co.: 1998.
35. The following lists original references as well as subsequent reviews: (a) Ciamician, G. P.; Silber, P. Chem. Ber. 1908, 41, 1071. Also see rets 3(a) and 3(b). For a review, note: Gilbert, A., Baggott, J., Eds.; Essentials of Molecular Photochemistry; Blackwell Scientific Publications: Cambridge, MA, 1991; pp 288-301. (b) Yates, P. Pure Appl. Chem. 1968, 16, 93-113. Morton, D. R.; Lee-Ruff, E.; Southam, R. M.; Turro, N. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 4349-4357. (c) Zimmerman, H. E.; Hixson, S. S.; McBride, E. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 2000-2015. (d) See ref 3(a); Wagner, P. J.; Keiso, P. A.; Kemppainen, A. E.; Zepp, R. G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 7500-7506. Wagner, P. J. Top. Curr. Chem. 1976, 66, 1-52. (e) The Conservation of Orbital Symmetry; Woodward, R. B., Hoffmann, R.; Verlag Chemie: Weinheim (Germany), 1970. Woodward, R. B.; Hoffmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 395-396. Zimmerman, H. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 1564-1565. (f) Zimmerman, H. E.; Grunewald, J. O. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 3354-3356. Zimmerman, H. E.; Nasielski, J.; Keese, R.; Swenton, J. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 4895-4903. Zimmerman, H. E.; Sebek, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 3677-3690. (g) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Kasha, M. In Light and Life; McElroy, W. D., Glass, B., Eds.; Johns Hopkins Press: Baltimore, MD, 1961; p 31. Wagner, P. J.; Park, B. Org. Photochem. 1991, 11, 227-336. (h) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Iwasaki, S.; Schaffner, K. Helv. Chim. Acta 1968, 51, 557-561. Zimmerman, H. E. Tetrahedron 1963, Suppl. 2, 19, 393-401. (i) Zimmerman, H. E.; Sandel, V. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 915-922. Zimmerman, H. E. J. Phys. Chem. A 1998, 102, 5616-5621. (j) Zimmerman, H. E.; Crumrine, D. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 498-506. (k) Zimmerman, H. E.; Binkley, R. W.; Givens, R. W.; Sherwin, M. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 3932-3933. Zimmerman, H. E. Org. Photochem.; Padwa, A., Ed.; Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1991; pp 1-36. (1) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Zimmerman, H. E. Some Theoretical Applications to Organic Chemistry. In Modern Electronic Structure Theory and Applications in Organic Chemistry; Davidson, E., Ed.; World Scientific Publishing Co.: 1998.
36. The following lists original references as well as subsequent reviews: (a) Ciamician, G. P.; Silber, P. Chem. Ber. 1908, 41, 1071. Also see rets 3(a) and 3(b). For a review, note: Gilbert, A., Baggott, J., Eds.; Essentials of Molecular Photochemistry; Blackwell Scientific Publications: Cambridge, MA, 1991; pp 288-301. (b) Yates, P. Pure Appl. Chem. 1968, 16, 93-113. Morton, D. R.; Lee-Ruff, E.; Southam, R. M.; Turro, N. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 4349-4357. (c) Zimmerman, H. E.; Hixson, S. S.; McBride, E. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 2000-2015. (d) See ref 3(a); Wagner, P. J.; Keiso, P. A.; Kemppainen, A. E.; Zepp, R. G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 7500-7506. Wagner, P. J. Top. Curr. Chem. 1976, 66, 1-52. (e) The Conservation of Orbital Symmetry; Woodward, R. B., Hoffmann, R.; Verlag Chemie: Weinheim (Germany), 1970. Woodward, R. B.; Hoffmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 395-396. Zimmerman, H. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 1564-1565. (f) Zimmerman, H. E.; Grunewald, J. O. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 3354-3356. Zimmerman, H. E.; Nasielski, J.; Keese, R.; Swenton, J. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 4895-4903. Zimmerman, H. E.; Sebek, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 3677-3690. (g) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Kasha, M. In Light and Life; McElroy, W. D., Glass, B., Eds.; Johns Hopkins Press: Baltimore, MD, 1961; p 31. Wagner, P. J.; Park, B. Org. Photochem. 1991, 11, 227-336. (h) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Iwasaki, S.; Schaffner, K. Helv. Chim. Acta 1968, 51, 557-561. Zimmerman, H. E. Tetrahedron 1963, Suppl. 2, 19, 393-401. (i) Zimmerman, H. E.; Sandel, V. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 915-922. Zimmerman, H. E. J. Phys. Chem. A 1998, 102, 5616-5621. (j) Zimmerman, H. E.; Crumrine, D. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 498-506. (k) Zimmerman, H. E.; Binkley, R. W.; Givens, R. W.; Sherwin, M. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 3932-3933. Zimmerman, H. E. Org. Photochem.; Padwa, A., Ed.; Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1991; pp 1-36. (1) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Zimmerman, H. E. Some Theoretical Applications to Organic Chemistry. In Modern Electronic Structure Theory and Applications in Organic Chemistry; Davidson, E., Ed.; World Scientific Publishing Co.: 1998.
37. The following lists original references as well as subsequent reviews: (a) Ciamician, G. P.; Silber, P. Chem. Ber. 1908, 41, 1071. Also see rets 3(a) and 3(b). For a review, note: Gilbert, A., Baggott, J., Eds.; Essentials of Molecular Photochemistry; Blackwell Scientific Publications: Cambridge, MA, 1991; pp 288-301. (b) Yates, P. Pure Appl. Chem. 1968, 16, 93-113. Morton, D. R.; Lee-Ruff, E.; Southam, R. M.; Turro, N. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 4349-4357. (c) Zimmerman, H. E.; Hixson, S. S.; McBride, E. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 2000-2015. (d) See ref 3(a); Wagner, P. J.; Keiso, P. A.; Kemppainen, A. E.; Zepp, R. G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 7500-7506. Wagner, P. J. Top. Curr. Chem. 1976, 66, 1-52. (e) The Conservation of Orbital Symmetry; Woodward, R. B., Hoffmann, R.; Verlag Chemie: Weinheim (Germany), 1970. Woodward, R. B.; Hoffmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 395-396. Zimmerman, H. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 1564-1565. (f) Zimmerman, H. E.; Grunewald, J. O. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 3354-3356. Zimmerman, H. E.; Nasielski, J.; Keese, R.; Swenton, J. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 4895-4903. Zimmerman, H. E.; Sebek, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 3677-3690. (g) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Kasha, M. In Light and Life; McElroy, W. D., Glass, B., Eds.; Johns Hopkins Press: Baltimore, MD, 1961; p 31. Wagner, P. J.; Park, B. Org. Photochem. 1991, 11, 227-336. (h) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Iwasaki, S.; Schaffner, K. Helv. Chim. Acta 1968, 51, 557-561. Zimmerman, H. E. Tetrahedron 1963, Suppl. 2, 19, 393-401. (i) Zimmerman, H. E.; Sandel, V. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 915-922. Zimmerman, H. E. J. Phys. Chem. A 1998, 102, 5616-5621. (j) Zimmerman, H. E.; Crumrine, D. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 498-506. (k) Zimmerman, H. E.; Binkley, R. W.; Givens, R. W.; Sherwin, M. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 3932-3933. Zimmerman, H. E. Org. Photochem.; Padwa, A., Ed.; Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1991; pp 1-36. (1) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Zimmerman, H. E. Some Theoretical Applications to Organic Chemistry. In Modern Electronic Structure Theory and Applications in Organic Chemistry; Davidson, E., Ed.; World Scientific Publishing Co.: 1998.
38. The following lists original references as well as subsequent reviews: (a) Ciamician, G. P.; Silber, P. Chem. Ber. 1908, 41, 1071. Also see rets 3(a) and 3(b). For a review, note: Gilbert, A., Baggott, J., Eds.; Essentials of Molecular Photochemistry; Blackwell Scientific Publications: Cambridge, MA, 1991; pp 288-301. (b) Yates, P. Pure Appl. Chem. 1968, 16, 93-113. Morton, D. R.; Lee-Ruff, E.; Southam, R. M.; Turro, N. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 4349-4357. (c) Zimmerman, H. E.; Hixson, S. S.; McBride, E. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 2000-2015. (d) See ref 3(a); Wagner, P. J.; Keiso, P. A.; Kemppainen, A. E.; Zepp, R. G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 7500-7506. Wagner, P. J. Top. Curr. Chem. 1976, 66, 1-52. (e) The Conservation of Orbital Symmetry; Woodward, R. B., Hoffmann, R.; Verlag Chemie: Weinheim (Germany), 1970. Woodward, R. B.; Hoffmann, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 395-396. Zimmerman, H. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 1564-1565. (f) Zimmerman, H. E.; Grunewald, J. O. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 3354-3356. Zimmerman, H. E.; Nasielski, J.; Keese, R.; Swenton, J. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 4895-4903. Zimmerman, H. E.; Sebek, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 3677-3690. (g) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Kasha, M. In Light and Life; McElroy, W. D., Glass, B., Eds.; Johns Hopkins Press: Baltimore, MD, 1961; p 31. Wagner, P. J.; Park, B. Org. Photochem. 1991, 11, 227-336. (h) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Iwasaki, S.; Schaffner, K. Helv. Chim. Acta 1968, 51, 557-561. Zimmerman, H. E. Tetrahedron 1963, Suppl. 2, 19, 393-401. (i) Zimmerman, H. E.; Sandel, V. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 915-922. Zimmerman, H. E. J. Phys. Chem. A 1998, 102, 5616-5621. (j) Zimmerman, H. E.; Crumrine, D. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 498-506. (k) Zimmerman, H. E.; Binkley, R. W.; Givens, R. W.; Sherwin, M. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 3932-3933. Zimmerman, H. E. Org. Photochem.; Padwa, A., Ed.; Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1991; pp 1-36. (1) See refs 3(a) and 3(b); Zimmerman, H. E. Some Theoretical Applications to Organic Chemistry. In Modern Electronic Structure Theory and Applications in Organic Chemistry; Davidson, E., Ed.; World Scientific Publishing Co.: 1998.
39. (a) Pitts, J. N.; Norman, I. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 4815-4819. Hess, L. D.; Jacobson, J. L.; Schaffner, K.; Pitts, J. N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 3684-3688.
40. (a) Pitts, J. N.; Norman, I. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 4815-4819. Hess, L. D.; Jacobson, J. L.; Schaffner, K.; Pitts, J. N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 3684-3688.
41. (b) Roberts, R. M.; Landott, R. G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 2281-2282.
42. (c) Huppi, G.; Eggart, G.; Iwasaki, S.; Wehrli, H.; Schaffner, K.; Jeger, O. Helv. Chim. Acta 1966, 49, 1986-2001.
43. (d) Marsch, D.; Pitts, J. N.; Schaffner, K.; Tuinman, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1971, 93, 333-338.
44. Zimmerman, H. E.; Hancock, K. G.; Licke, G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 4892-4911.
45. Agosta, W. C.; Herron, D. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 7025-7030. Meinwald, J.; Chapman, R. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 3218-3224. For a related example, see: Yates, P.; Kilmurry, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 1563-154.
46. Agosta, W. C.; Herron, D. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 7025-7030. Meinwald, J.; Chapman, R. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 3218-3224. For a related example, see: Yates, P.; Kilmurry, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 1563-154.
47. Agosta, W. C.; Herron, D. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 7025-7030. Meinwald, J.; Chapman, R. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 3218-3224. For a related example, see: Yates, P.; Kilmurry, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 1563-154.
48. (a) Zimmerman, H. E. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 1566-1567;
49. (b) Zimmerman, H. E. Accounts of Chem. Res. 1972, 5. 393-401;
50. (c) Michl, J. Mol. Photochem. 1972, 243-255, 257-2R6, 287-314;
51. (d) Reguero, M.; Bernardi, F.; Jones, H.; Olivucci, M.; Ragazos, I. N.; Robb, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc, 1993, 115, 2073-2074.