Discrepancy between CYP2D6 phenotype and genotype derived from post-mortem dextromethorphan blood level

Forensic Science International

Volumn 110, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 61-70

  Bailey, Benoit ^a   Daneman, Richard ^b   Daneman, Nick ^b   Mayer, Joel M ^c   Koren, Gideon ^b  

^a H   (Canada)

^b H   (Canada)

^c Ministry of Community Safety and Correctional Services Centre of Forensic Sciences   (Canada)

Author keywords

CYP 2D6; Dextromethorphan; Genotype; Phenotype; Post mortem blood level

Indexed keywords

CYTOCHROME P450; DEXTROMETHORPHAN; DEXTRORPHAN;

ADULT; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; AUTOPSY; CASE REPORT; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEATH; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG DISTRIBUTION; DRUG TISSUE LEVEL; GENETIC POLYMORPHISM; GENOTYPE; HUMAN; MALE; NONHUMAN; PHENOTYPE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT;

EID: 0034621284     PISSN: 03790738     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0379-0738(00)00142-0     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. Reisine T., Pasternak G. Opioid analgesics and antagonists. Hardman J.G., Limbird L.B. Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacologic Basis of Therapeutics. 1996;551 McGraw Hill, New York.
2. Bem J.L., Peck R. Dextromethorphan. An overview of safety issues. Drug Safety. 7:1992;190-199.
3. Schneider S.M., Michelson E.A., Boucek C.D., Ilkhanipour K. Dextromethorphan poisoning reversed by naloxone. Am. J. Emerg. Med. 9:1991;237-239.
4. Wolfe T.R., Caravati E.M. Massive dextromethorphan ingestion and abuse. Am. J. Emerg. Med. 13:1995;174-176.
5. Pender E.S., Parks B.R. Toxicity with dextromethorphan-containing preparations: a literature review and report of two additional cases. Pediatr. Emerg. Care. 7:1991;163-165.
6. Katona B., Wason S. Dextromethorphan danger. New Engl. J. Med. 314:1986;993.
7. Dodds A., Reval E. Toxic psychosis due to dextromethorphan. Med. J. Aust. 2:1967;231.
8. Shaul W.L., Wandell M., Robertson W.O. Dextromethorphan toxicity: reversal by naloxone. Pediatrics. 59:1977;117-119.
9. McElwee N.E., Veltri J.C. Dextromethorphan exposures reported by emergency departments to the drug abuse warning network, 1987-1990. J. Clin. Res. Pharmacoepidemiol. 5:1991;167-168.
10. Pfaff G., Briegel P., Lamprecht I. Inter-individual variation in the metabolism of dextromethorphan. Int. J. Pharm. 14:1983;173-189.
11. Silvasti M., Karttunen P., Tukiainen H., Kokkonen P., Hanninen U., Nykanen S. Pharmacokinetics of dextromethorphan and dexthorphan: a single dose comparison of three preparations in human volunteers. Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. Toxicol. 25:1987;493-497.
12. Kuffer A., Schrnid B., Pfaff G. Pharmacogenetics of dextromethorphan o-demethylation in man. Xenobiotica. 16:1986;421-433.
13. Mortimer O., Lindstrom B., Laurell H., Bergman U., Rane A. Dextromethorphan: polymorphic serum pattern of the o-demethylated and didemethylated metabolites in man. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 27:1989;223-227.
14. Daly A.K., Brockmöller J., Broly F., et al. Nomenclature for human CYP2D6 alleles. Pharmacogenetics. 6:1996;193-201.
15. Rammer L., Holmgren P., Sandler H. Fatal intoxication by dextromethorphan: a report on two cases. Forensic Sci. Int. 37:1988;233-236.
16. Kintz P., Mangin P. Toxicological findings in a death involving dextromethorphan and terfenadine. Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol. 13:1992;351-352.
17. Benson W.M., Stefko P.L., Randall L.O. Comparative pharmacology of levorphan, racemorphan and dexthorphan and related methyl ethers. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 109:1953;189-200.
18. Pounder D.J., Jones G.R. Post-mortem redistribution - a toxicological nightmare. Forensic Sci. Int. 45:1990;253-263.
19. Koren G., Klein J. Postmortem redistribution of morphine in rats. Ther. Drug Monit. 14:1992;461-463.
20. Koren G., MacLeod S.M. Postmortem redistribution of digoxin in rats. J. Forensic Sci. 1:1985;92-96.
21. Prouty R.W., Andersen W.H. The forensic science implications of site and temporal influences on postmortem blood-drug concentrations. J. Forensic Sci. 35:1990;243-270.
22. Kearns G.L. Pharmacogenetics and development: are infants and children at increased risk of adverse outcomes? Curr. Opin. Pediatr. 7:1995;220-233.
23. Sohn D.R., Shin S.G., Park C.W., Kusaka M., Chiba K., Ishizaki T. Metoprolol oxidation polymorphism in a Korean population: comparison with native Japanese and Chinese population. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 32:1991;504-507.
24. Jacqz-Aigrain E., Cresteil T. Cytochrome P450-dependent metabolism of dextromethorphan: fetal and adult studies. Dev. Pharmacol. Ther. 18:1992;161-168.
25. Larrey D., Babany G., Tinel M., et al. Effect of liver disease on dextromethorphan oxidation capacity and phenotype: a study in 107 patients. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 28:1989;297-304.
26. Druid H., Holmgren P., Carlsson B., Ahlner J. Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP 2D6) genotyping on postmortem blood as a supplementary tool for interpretation of forensic toxicological results. Forensic Sci. Int. 99:1999;25-34.