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1
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J. F. Kerridge and M. S. Matthews, Eds. Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ
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J. N. Grossman, in Meteorites and the Early Solar System, J. F. Kerridge and M. S. Matthews, Eds. (Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ, 1988), pp. 680-696.
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Grossman, J.N.1
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G. E. Lofgren, in Chondrules and the Protoplanetary Disk, R. E. Hewins, R. H. Jones, E. R. D. Scott, Eds. (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 1996), pp. 187-196.
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, pp. 187-196
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Lofgren, G.E.1
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0000963153
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-1, are the most abundant type of chondrules by far and are considered the most representative of the chondrule-forming process.
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(1997)
Meteorit. Planet. Sci
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Weinbruch, S.1
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J. F. Kerridge and M. S. Matthews, Eds. Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ
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G. J. MacPherson, D. A. Wark, J. T. Armstrong, in Meteorites and the Early Solar System, J. F. Kerridge and M. S. Matthews, Eds. (Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ, 1988), pp. 746-807.
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(1988)
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MacPherson, G.J.1
Wark, D.A.2
Armstrong, J.T.3
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9
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0342649765
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note
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-5 bar. With decreasing gas temperature, the condensing metal is inferred to have decreasing Ni (30 to 5 wt %) and Co (0.8 to 0.2 wt %) concentrations (with a solar Co/Ni ratio) and increasing Cr (0 to 0.9 wt %) and Fe (70 to 95 wt %) concentrations. However, metal grains in most types of chondrites have subsequently experienced substantial secondary processing (e.g., melting, thermal metamorphism, and/or oxidation), which caused redistribution of Fe, Ni, Co, and Cr that partially or totally erased these chemical signatures of condensation.
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14
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0000567840
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National Institute for Polar Research, Tokyo
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M. K. Weisberg and M. Prinz, in 24th Symposium on Antarctic Meteorites, NIPR, Tokyo (National Institute for Polar Research, Tokyo, 1999), pp. 187-189.
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(1999)
24th Symposium on Antarctic Meteorites, NIPR, Tokyo
, pp. 187-189
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Weisberg, M.K.1
Prinz, M.2
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15
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0343955838
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note
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An origin of the zoned Fe,Ni metal grains in CH chondrites by reduction of silicates during chondrule formation can be ruled out because (i) at igneous temperatures (>1600 K) during chondrule formation, solid-state diffusion of Fe, Ni, Co, and Cr is so rapid that zoned Fe,Ni metal grains, which typically are 100 μm in radius, would become homogenized on a time scale of tens of minutes, comparable to the cooling time scale of most chondrules, and (ii) zoned Fe,Ni metal grains have never been observed inside chondrules.
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17
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0342649763
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note
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-7 bar, only a small fraction of the partial pressure of Fe in the nebula gas. Although desorption of Fe atoms from the growing grains does take place, it happens at a relatively low rate compared with the rate of bombardment (Z) and does not substantially slow down the growth of the metal grain.
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20
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0003877758
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CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, ed.
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The diffusion coefficients of Ni, Co, and Cr in γ-Fe are essentially identical, with Ni being slightly faster [D. R. Lide, Ed., Handbook of Chemistry of Physics (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, ed. 79, 1981)].
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(1981)
Handbook of Chemistry of Physics
, vol.79
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Lide, D.R.1
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24
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0002192086
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R. E. Hewins, R. H. Jones, E. R. D. Scott, Eds. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge
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L. L. Hood and D. A. Kring, in Chondrules and the Protoplanetary Disk, R. E. Hewins, R. H. Jones, E. R. D. Scott, Eds. (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 1996), pp. 265-276.
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(1996)
Chondrules and the Protoplanetary Disk
, pp. 265-276
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Hood, L.L.1
Kring, D.A.2
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25
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0001279870
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D. C. Black and M. S. Matthews, Eds. Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ
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D. C. Lin and J. Papaloizou, in Protostars and Planets II, D. C. Black and M. S. Matthews, Eds. (Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ, 1985), pp. 981-1072.
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(1985)
Protostars and Planets II
, pp. 981-1072
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Lin, D.C.1
Papaloizou, J.2
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21744462214
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K. R. Bell, P. M. Cassen, H. H. Klahr, T. Henning, Astrophys. J. 486, 372 (1997).
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(1997)
Astrophys. J.
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, pp. 372
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Bell, K.R.1
Cassen, P.M.2
Klahr, H.H.3
Henning, T.4
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27
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0024250414
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J. F. Kerridge and M. S. Matthews, Eds. Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ
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J. W. Larimer, in Meteorites and the Early Solar System, J. F. Kerridge and M. S. Matthews, Eds. (Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ, 1988), pp. 375-389.
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(1988)
Meteorites and the Early Solar System
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Larimer, J.W.1
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30
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0001891661
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R. H. Hewins, R. H. Jones, E. R. D. Scott, Eds. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge
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J. N. Cuzzi, A. R. Dobrovolskis, R. C. Hogan, in Chondrules and the Protoplanetary Disk, R. H. Hewins, R. H. Jones, E. R. D. Scott, Eds. (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 1996), pp. 35-43.
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(1996)
Chondrules and the Protoplanetary Disk
, pp. 35-43
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Cuzzi, J.N.1
Dobrovolskis, A.R.2
Hogan, R.C.3
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31
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0343955836
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note
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This collaboration between meteoriticists and astrophysicists was spurred by the 1999 Gordon Research Conference (Origins of Solar Systems), which brought together researchers from both disciplines in a highly inspiring scientific environment. Our work was supported by NASA grants 5-4212 (K. Keil, P.I.) and NAGW 3451 (J. A. Wood, P.I.) and NASA's Origins of Solar Systems program (J. Cuzzi, P.I.). A.M. is grateful for support from the Danish Natural Science Research Council S.J.D. was supported by a National Research Council Research Associateship. We appreciate illuminating discussions with R. Bell, H. Klahr, A. Showman, A. Luntz, F. Besenbacher, T. Fagan, E. Scott, and J. Taylor.
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