Homogenization of fish faunas across the United States

Science

Volumn 288, Issue 5467, 2000, Pages 854-856

  Rahel, Frank J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WYOMING   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL INVASION; FISH; INTRODUCED SPECIES; POPULATION DYNAMICS; POPULATION STRUCTURE; TEMPORAL VARIATION;

ARTICLE; FISH; FISHING; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SPECIES DIFFERENCE; UNITED STATES;

ANIMALS; ECOSYSTEM; FISHERIES; FISHES; SPECIES SPECIFICITY; UNITED STATES;

UNITED STATES;

PISCES;

EID: 0034607720     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.288.5467.854     Document Type: Article

References (19)

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10. For most states, data came from post-1985 textbooks about the fishes of that state or from compilations in peer-reviewed journals. For states where species lists predated 1985, I contacted state agency biologists or academic ichthyologists for a current fish species list. Although the loss and addition of species to a region's fish fauna is an ongoing process, the species lists I used are a good representation of the status of fish faunas across the United States in the late 20th century. A list of data sources can be found at www.sciencemag.org/feature/data/ 1047612.shl. Analyses were done by comparing across states rather than drainage basins because data on extirpated, extant, and introduced species that had become established were most reliable and available for a continental-scale comparison through state fishery management agencies or state fish books.
11. Similarity was calculated as follows: percent similarity = [a/(a + b + c)] × 100 where a = number of species present in both states, b = number of species present only in the first state, and c = number of species present only in the second state [C. J. Krebs, Ecological Methodology (Harper & Row, New York, 1989)].
12. An introduction event refers to a single species being introduced and establishing a reproducing population in a state. Thus, the total number of introduction events was the sum of introductions across all 48 states. Likewise, the total number of extirpation events was the sum of extirpations across all 48 states.
13. D. S. Lee et al., Atlas of North American Freshwater Fishes (Publication No. 1980-12, North Carolina Biological Survey Raleigh, NC, 1980), p. 407.
14. P. B. Moyle and T. Light, Biol. Cons. 78, 149 (1996).
15. W. L. Minckley and G. K. Mefee, in Community and Evolutionary Ecology of North American Stream Fishes, W. J. Matthews and D. C. Heins, Eds. (Univ. of Oklahoma Press, Norman, OK, 1987), pp. 93-104.
16. F. J. Rahel, Fisheries 22, 8 (August 1997).
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18. P. M. Fuller, L. G. Nico, J. D. Williams, Nonindigenous Fishes Introduced into Inland Waters of the United States (Special Publication 27, American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD, 1999).
19. Supported by the University of Wyoming. W. A. Hubert, P. B. Moyle, D. C. Novinger, and N. L. Stanton provided helpful comments. R. Cashner, D. Cincotta, B. Burr, T. Coon, J. DeVivo, D. Facey, B. Fisher, J. Graham, J. Lyons, D. Markle, S. Ross, C. Shackelford, S. Shipman, and P. Walker provided fish species lists.