Genetic testing, adverse selection, and the demand for life insurance

American Journal of Medical Genetics

Volumn 93, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 29-39

  Zick, Cathleen D ^a   Smith, Ken R ^a   Mayer, Robert N ^a   Botkin, Jeffery R ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF UTAH   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF UTAH SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Adverse selection; BRCA1 testing; Genetic test results; Life insurance

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; GENE MUTATION; GENETIC SCREENING; HEALTH ECONOMICS; INSURANCE; ONCOGENE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK ASSESSMENT;

EMPIRICAL APPROACH; GENETICS AND REPRODUCTION;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; BREAST NEOPLASMS; DEMOGRAPHY; FEMALE; GENES, BRCA1; GENETIC SCREENING; HEALTH STATUS INDICATORS; HUMANS; INSURANCE, LIFE; MIDDLE AGED; MUTATION; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS;

EID: 0034601195     PISSN: 01487299     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/1096-8628(20000703)93:1<29::AID-AJMG6>3.0.CO;2-K     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. American Council of Life Insurance. 1994. The need for genetic information in risk classification. Washington, DC.
2. Berk RA. 1983. An introduction to sample selection bias in sociological data. Am Soc Rev 48:386-398.
3. Bezzant EM, Chadwick BA. 1996. Education. In: TB Heaton, TA Hirschl, BA Chadwick, editors. Utah in the 1990s - A demographic perspective. Salt Lake City: Signature Books. p 119-138.
4. Botkin JR, Croyle RT, Smith KR, Baty BJ, Lerman C, Goldgar DE, Ward JW, Flick BJ, Nash JE. 1996. A model protocol for evaluating the behavioral and psychosocial effects of BRCA1 testing. J Natl Canc Inst 88:872-882.
5. Browne MJ. 1992. Evidence of adverse selection in the individual health insurance market. J Risk Ins 59:13-33.
6. Council for Responsible Genetics. 1995. Testimony to the National Association of Insurance Commissioners' Genetic Testing Working Group. March 12th.
7. Council of State Governments. 1993. Advances in genetic information - A guide for state policy makers. Lexington, KY: Iron Works Pike.
8. Croyle R, Smith KR, Botkin J, Baty B, Nash JE. 1997. Psychological responses to BRCA1 mutation testing: preliminary findings. Health Psychol 16:63-72.
9. Frank RG, McGuire TG. 1986. Adverse selection in insurance markets: a selective survey. In: Dionne G, editor. Contributions to insurance economics. Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers. p 97-140.
10. Glantz SA, Slinker BK. 1990. Primer of applied regression and analysis of variance. San Francisco: McGraw-Hill, Inc.
11. Hall MA, Rich SS. 2000. Laws restricting health insurers' use of genetic information: impact on genetic discrimination. Am J Hum Genet 66: 293-307.
12. Haney DQ. 1997. Double mastectomy radical, effective. Wisconsin State Journal. April 14, p 1A.
13. Hartmann LC, Schaid DJ, Woods JE, Crotty TP, Myers JL, Arnold PG, Petty PM, Sellers TA, Johnson JL, McDonnell SK, Frost MH, Jenkins RB. 1999. Efficacy of bilateral prophylactic mastectomy in women with a family history of breast cancer. New Eng J Med 340:77-84.
14. Heckman JJ. 1979. Sample selection bias as a specification error. Econometrica 45:153-161.
15. Lapham EV, Kozma C, Weiss JO. 1996. Genetic discrimination: perspectives of consumers. Science 274:621-624.
16. Lynch HT, Watson P, Tinley S, Snyder C, Durham C, Lynch J, Kirnarsky Y, Serova O, Lenoir G, Lerman C, Narod SA. 1999. An update on DNA-based BRCA1/BRCA2 genetic counseling in hereditary breast cancer. Can Gen Cytogen 109:91-98.
17. Marquis MS. Phelps CE. 1987. Price elasticity and adverse selection in the demand for supplementary health insurance. Econ Inq 25:299-313.
18. McGoodwin W. 1997. Biotechnology and the consumer. Esther Peterson Consumer Policy Forum Speech at the American Council on Consumer Interests' annual conference, April 5, National Association of Insurance Commissioners. 1996. Report of the Genetic Testing Working Group to the Life Insurance (A) Committee.
19. National Cancer Institute. 1993. Life-time probability of breast cancer in American women. Cancer Facts [Online], Available: http:// www.acor.org/nci/cancernet/6/600056.html.
20. Ovarian cancer: screening, treatment, and followup. 1994. NIH Consensus Statement 12:1-30 [Online]. Available: http://text.nlm.nih.gov/nih/cdc/ www/96txt.html.
21. Pauly MV. 1986. Taxation, health insurance, and market failure in the medical economy. J Econ Lit 24:629-675.
22. Pokorski RJ. 1997. Insurance underwriting in the genetic era. Am J Hum Genet 60:205-216.
23. Pudney S. 1989. Modelling individual choice - The econometrics of corners, kinks and holes. New York: Basil Blackwell, Ltd.
24. Quaid KA, Wesson MK. 1995. Exploration of the effects of predictive testing for Huntington disease on intimate relationships. Am J Med Genet 57:46-51.
25. Tabarrok A. 1993. Genetic testing: an economic and contractarian analysis. J Health Econ 13:75-91.
26. US Bureau of the Census. 1998. Statistical abstract of the United States. (118th edition). Washington, DC.
27. US Congressional Office of Technology Assessment. 1988. Mapping our genes: how big, how fast? OTA-BA-373. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
28. US Department of Energy. 1999. Frequently asked questions. In: Human Genome Project Information (Online). Available: http://www.ornl.gov/ hgmis/faq/faqsl.html.
29. Utah State Department of Health. 1936. Utah's 1996 health status survey codebook. Bureau of Surveillance and Analysis, Salt Lake City, UT.
30. Waite LJ. 1995. Does marriage matter? Demography 32:483-507.
31. Wahlin TB, Lundin A, Backman L, Almqvist E, Haegermark A, Winblad B, Anvret M. 1997. Reactions to predictive testing in Huntington disease: case reports of coping with a new genetic status. Am J Med Genet 73:356-365.
32. Wiggins SP, Whyte M, Huggins S, Adam J, Theilmann M, Bloch SB, Sheps MT, Schechter ??, Hayden MR. 1992. The psychological consequences of predictive testing for Huntington disease. New Eng J Med 327:1449-1451.
33. Wingrove KJ, Norris J, Barton PL, Hagerman R. 1996. Experiences and attitudes concerning genetic testing and insurance in a Colorado population: a survey of families diagnosed with fragile X syndrome. Am J Med Genet 64:378-81.
34. Zick CD, Smith KR. 1991. Marital transitions, poverty, and gender differences in mortality. J Mar Fam 53:459-487.
35. Zick CD, Mayer RN. 1996. Consumption in the land of milk and (homebaked) cookies. In: Heaton TB, Hirschl TA, Chadwick B, editors. Utah in the 1990's - A demographic perspective. Salt Lake City: Signature Books. p 139-154.