메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 6, Issue 4, 2000, Pages 463-491

Observation procedures characterizing occupational physical activities: Critical review

Author keywords

Observation procedures; Observer training; Physical work; Reliability; Validity

Indexed keywords

BODY POSTURE; CANADA; COMPARATIVE STUDY; EXERCISE; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; METALLURGY; METHODOLOGY; OBSERVATION; OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH; PHYSIOLOGY; REPRODUCIBILITY; REVIEW; TASK PERFORMANCE; WORKLOAD;

EID: 0034573547     PISSN: 10803548     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2000.11076467     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (38)

References (110)
  • 1
    • 84911583066 scopus 로고
    • The mechanical properties of lumbar iniervertebraljoints with special reference to the causes of low back pain
    • Polytechnic of Central London, UK
    • Adams, M.A. (1980). The mechanical properties of lumbar iniervertebraljoints with special reference to the causes of low back pain. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Polytechnic of Central London, UK.
    • (1980) Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation
    • Adams, M.A.1
  • 2
    • 0029902989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomechanics of low back pain
    • Adams, M.A. (1996). Biomechanics of low back pain. Pain Reviews, 3, 15–30.
    • (1996) Pain Reviews , vol.3 , pp. 15-30
    • Adams, M.A.1
  • 3
    • 0019722388 scopus 로고
    • The relevance of torsion to the mechanical derangement of the lumbar spine
    • Adams, M.A., & Hutton, W.C. (1981). The relevance of torsion to the mechanical derangement of the lumbar spine. Spine, 6, 241–248.
    • (1981) Spine , vol.6 , pp. 241-248
    • Adams, M.A.1    Hutton, W.C.2
  • 4
    • 0020602990 scopus 로고
    • The mechanical function of the lumbar apophyscal joints
    • Adams, M.A., & Hutton, W.C. (1983). The mechanical function of the lumbar apophyscal joints. Spine. 8, 327–330.
    • (1983) Spine , vol.8 , pp. 327-330
    • Adams, M.A.1    Hutton, W.C.2
  • 6
    • 0022568971 scopus 로고
    • A biomachanical evaluation of five lifting techniques
    • Anderson, C.K., & Chaffin, D.B. (1986). A biomachanical evaluation of five lifting techniques. Applied Ergonomics, 17, 2–8.
    • (1986) Applied Ergonomics , vol.17 , pp. 2-8
    • Anderson, C.K.1    Chaffin, D.B.2
  • 7
    • 0031170904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The accuracy of self-report and trained observer methods for obtaining estimates of peak load information during industrial work
    • Andrews, D.M., Norman, R.W., Wells, R.P., & Neumann, P. (1997). The accuracy of self-report and trained observer methods for obtaining estimates of peak load information during industrial work. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 19, 445–455.
    • (1997) International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics , vol.19 , pp. 445-455
    • Andrews, D.M.1    Norman, R.W.2    Wells, R.P.3    Neumann, P.4
  • 10
    • 0028926894 scopus 로고
    • The handling of objects other than boxes: Univariate analysis of handling techniques in a large transport company
    • Baril-Gingras, G., & Lortie, M. (1995). The handling of objects other than boxes: Univariate analysis of handling techniques in a large transport company. Ergonomics, 38, 905–925.
    • (1995) Ergonomics , vol.38 , pp. 905-925
    • Baril-Gingras, G.1    Lortie, M.2
  • 11
    • 0003421550 scopus 로고
    • 3rd ed.). New York, NY, USA: Chapman & Hall
    • Barnes, M.M. (1950). Motion and time study (3rd ed.). New York, NY, USA: Chapman & Hall.
    • (1950) Motion and Time Study
    • Barnes, M.M.1
  • 13
    • 0029892524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PATH: A work sampling-based approach to ergonomic job analysis for construction and other non-repetitive work
    • Buchholz, B., Paquet, V., Punnett, L., Lee, D., & Moir, S. (1996). PATH: A work sampling-based approach to ergonomic job analysis for construction and other non-repetitive work. Applied Ergonomics, 27, 177–187.
    • (1996) Applied Ergonomics , vol.27 , pp. 177-187
    • Buchholz, B.1    Paquet, V.2    Punnett, L.3    Lee, D.4    Moir, S.5
  • 14
    • 0026613931 scopus 로고
    • Exposure assessment of risk factors for disorders of the back in occupational epidemiology. Scandinavian Journal of Work
    • Burdorf, A. (1992a). Exposure assessment of risk factors for disorders of the back in occupational epidemiology. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 18, 1–9.
    • (1992) Environment and Health , vol.18 , pp. 1-9
    • Burdorf, A.1
  • 15
    • 0027101903 scopus 로고
    • Sources of variance in exposure to postural load on the back in occupational groups. Scandinavian Journal of Work
    • Burdorf, A. (1992b). Sources of variance in exposure to postural load on the back in occupational groups. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 18, 361–367.
    • (1992) Environment and Health , vol.18 , pp. 361-367
    • Burdorf, A.1
  • 16
    • 0028934223 scopus 로고
    • Reducing random measurement error in assessing postural load on the back in epidcmiologic surveys. Scandinavian Journal of Work
    • Burdorf, A. (1995). Reducing random measurement error in assessing postural load on the back in epidcmiologic surveys. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 21. 15–23.
    • (1995) Environment and Health , vol.21 , pp. 15-23
    • Burdorf, A.1
  • 17
    • 0026668528 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of trunk bending during work by direct observation and continuous measurement
    • Burdorf, A., Derksen, J., Naaktgcboren, B., & Van Riel, M. (1992). Measurement of trunk bending during work by direct observation and continuous measurement. Applied Ergonomics, 23, 263–267.
    • (1992) Appliedergonomics , vol.23 , pp. 263-267
    • Burdorf, A.1    Derksen, J.2    Naaktgcboren, B.3    Van Riel, M.4
  • 18
    • 0026186304 scopus 로고
    • Postural load and back pain of workers in the
    • Burdorf, A., Govaert, G., & Elders, L. (1991). Postural load and back pain of workers in the manufacturing of prefabricated concrete elements. Ergonomics, 34, 909–918.
    • (1991) Ergonomics , vol.34 , pp. 909-918
    • Burdorf, A.1    Govaert, G.2    Elders, L.3
  • 19
    • 0028068639 scopus 로고
    • Estimation of spinal loads in overhead work
    • Burton, A.K., Tillotson, K.M., & Boocock, M.G. (1994). Estimation of spinal loads in overhead work. Ergonomics, 37, 1311–1321.
    • (1994) Ergonomics , vol.37 , pp. 1311-1321
    • Burton, A.K.1    Tillotson, K.M.2    Boocock, M.G.3
  • 20
  • 21
    • 0029278618 scopus 로고
    • Packing products for customers: An ergonomics evaluation of three supermarket checkouts
    • Carrasco, C, Colcman, N., Healey, S., &. Lusted, M. (1995). Packing products for customers: An ergonomics evaluation of three supermarket checkouts. Applied Ergonomics, 26, 101–108.
    • (1995) Applied Ergonomics , vol.26 , pp. 101-108
    • Carrasco, C.1    Colcman, N.2    Healey, S.3    Lusted, M.4
  • 22
    • 0027828436 scopus 로고
    • Ergonomics method for prevention of the musculoskeletal discomfort among female industrial workers: Physical characteristics and work factors
    • Chavalitsakulchai, P., & Shahnavaz, H. (1993). Ergonomics method for prevention of the musculoskeletal discomfort among female industrial workers: Physical characteristics and work factors. Journal of Human Ergology, 22, 95–113.
    • (1993) Journal of Human Ergology , vol.22 , pp. 95-113
    • Chavalitsakulchai, P.1    Shahnavaz, H.2
  • 24
    • 0028953828 scopus 로고
    • A national cross-sectional study in the Danish wood and furniture industry on working postures and manual materials handling
    • Christcnsen, H., Pcdcrsen, M. B., & Sjogaard, G. (1995). A national cross-sectional study in the Danish wood and furniture industry on working postures and manual materials handling. Ergonomics, 38, 793–805.
    • (1995) Ergonomics , vol.38 , pp. 793-805
    • Christcnsen, H.1    Pcdcrsen, M.B.2    Sjogaard, G.3
  • 25
    • 0018452462 scopus 로고
    • Posture targeting: A technique for recording working postures
    • Corlctt, E.N., Madeley, S.J., & Manenica, I. (1979). Posture targeting: A technique for recording working postures. Ergonomics, 22, 357–366.
    • (1979) Ergonomics , vol.22 , pp. 357-366
    • Corlctt, E.N.1    Madeley, S.J.2    Manenica, I.3
  • 26
    • 0022607719 scopus 로고
    • Low back strain in Danish semi-skilled construction work
    • Damlund, M, Goth, S., & Munk, K. (1986). Low back strain in Danish semi-skilled construction work. Applied Ergonomics, 17, 31–39.
    • (1986) Applied Ergonomics , vol.17 , pp. 31-39
    • Damlund, M.1    Goth, S.2    Munk, K.3
  • 28
    • 0032189058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Knee flexion and base of support in asymmetrical handling: Effects on the worker’s dynamic stability and the moments of the L5/SI and knee joints
    • Delisle, A., Gagnon, M., & Desjardins, P. (1998). Knee flexion and base of support in asymmetrical handling: Effects on the worker’s dynamic stability and the moments of the L5/SI and knee joints. Clinical Biomechanics, 13, 506–514.
    • (1998) Clinical Biomechanics , vol.13 , pp. 506-514
    • Delisle, A.1    Gagnon, M.2    Desjardins, P.3
  • 29
    • 0028122284 scopus 로고
    • The validity of visual observation to assess posture in a laboratory-simulated, manual material handling task
    • de Looze, M.P., Toussaint, H.M., Ensink, J., & Mangnus, C. (1994). The validity of visual observation to assess posture in a laboratory-simulated, manual material handling task. Ergonomics, 37, 1335–1343.
    • (1994) Ergonomics , vol.37 , pp. 1335-1343
    • De Looze, M.P.1    Toussaint, H.M.2    Ensink, J.3    Mangnus, C.4
  • 30
    • 0040291005 scopus 로고
    • L’intelligence de la tache: Elements d’ergonomie cognitive[Task intelligence: Elements of cognitive ergonomics]
    • Switzerland: Editions Peter Lang
    • de Montmollin, M. (1984). L’intelligence de la tache: Elements d’ergonomie cognitive [Task intelligence: Elements of cognitive ergonomics]. Bcmc, Switzerland: Editions Peter Lang.
    • (1984) Bcmc
    • De Montmollin, M.1
  • 32
    • 0021914376 scopus 로고
    • Influence of restricted space on manual materials
    • Drury, C.G. (1985a). Influence of restricted space on manual materials handling. Ergonomics, 28, 167–175.
    • (1985) Ergonomics , vol.28 , pp. 167-175
    • Drury, C.G.1
  • 33
    • 0021952303 scopus 로고
    • The role of the hand in manual materials handling
    • Drury, C.G. (1985b). The role of the hand in manual materials handling. Ergonomics, 28, 213–227.
    • (1985) Ergonomics , vol.28 , pp. 213-227
    • Drury, C.G.1
  • 34
  • 35
    • 0023945412 scopus 로고
    • Hypotheses of peripheral and central mechanisms underlying occupational muscle pain and injury
    • Edwards, R.H.T. (1988). Hypotheses of peripheral and central mechanisms underlying occupational muscle pain and injury. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 57, 275–281.
    • (1988) European Journal of Applied Physiology , vol.57 , pp. 275-281
    • Edwards, R.H.T.1
  • 36
    • 0028434185 scopus 로고
    • An OWAS-bascd analysis of nurses’ working postures
    • Engels, J.A., Landcweerd, J.A., & Kant, Y. (1994a). An OWAS-bascd analysis of nurses’ working postures. Ergonomics, 37, 909–919.
    • (1994) Ergonomics , vol.37 , pp. 909-919
    • Engels, J.A.1    Landcweerd, J.A.2    Kant, Y.3
  • 38
    • 0031127233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Data collection and analysis of manual work using video recording and personal computer techniques
    • Engstrom, T., & Medbo, P. (1997). Data collection and analysis of manual work using video recording and personal computer techniques. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 19, 291–298.
    • (1997) International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics , vol.19 , pp. 291-298
    • Engstrom, T.1    Medbo, P.2
  • 40
    • 0029278582 scopus 로고
    • A portable ergonomic observation method (PEO) for computerized on-line recording of postures and manual handling
    • Fransson-Hall, C, Gloria, R., Kilbom, A., & Winkel, J. (1995). A portable ergonomic observation method (PEO) for computerized on-line recording of postures and manual handling. Applied Ergonomics, 26, 93–100.
    • (1995) Applied Ergonomics , vol.26 , pp. 93-100
    • Fransson-Hall, C.1    Gloria, R.2    Kilbom, A.3    Winkel, J.4
  • 41
    • 0028892258 scopus 로고
    • The daily work load of refuse collectors working with three different collecting methods: A field study
    • Frings-Drescn. M.H.W., Kempert. H.C.G., Stassen, A.R.A. Crolla, I.F.A.M., & Markslag. A.M.T. (1995). The daily work load of refuse collectors working with three different collecting methods: A field study. Ergonomics, 38, 2045–2055.
    • (1995) Ergonomics , vol.38 , pp. 2045-2055
    • Frings-Drescn, M.H.W.1    Kempert, H.C.G.2    Stassen, A.R.A.3    Crolla, I.F.4    Markslag, A.M.T.5
  • 42
    • 0027587884 scopus 로고
    • Can visual perception be used to estimate body part angles’?
    • Genaidy, A.M., Simmons, R.J., Guo, L., & Hidalgo, J.A. (1993). Can visual perception be used to estimate body part angles’? Ergonomics, 36, 323–329.
    • (1993) Ergonomics , vol.36 , pp. 323-329
    • Genaidy, A.M.1    Simmons, R.J.2    Guo, L.3    Hidalgo, J.A.4
  • 43
    • 0023942543 scopus 로고
    • Response of the ligamentous lumbar spine to cyclic bending loads
    • Goel, V.K., Voo, L.M., Weinstein, J.N., Liu, Y.K., Okuma, T., & Hjus, G.O. (1986). Response of the ligamentous lumbar spine to cyclic bending loads. Spine, 13, 294–300.
    • (1986) Spine , vol.13 , pp. 294-300
    • Goel, V.K.1    Voo, L.M.2    Weinstein, J.N.3    Liu, Y.K.4    Okuma, T.5    Hjus, G.O.6
  • 44
    • 0028866024 scopus 로고
    • An analysis of scanning postures among grocery cashiers and its relationship to checkstand design
    • Grant, K.A., & Habes, D.J. (1995). An analysis of scanning postures among grocery cashiers and its relationship to checkstand design. Ergonomics, 38, 2078–2090.
    • (1995) Ergonomics , vol.38 , pp. 2078-2090
    • Grant, K.A.1    Habes, D.J.2
  • 45
    • 0029559426 scopus 로고
    • Work activities and musculoskclelal complaints among preschool workers
    • Grant, K.A., Habes, D.J., & Tepper, A.L. (1995). Work activities and musculoskclelal complaints among preschool workers. Applied Ergonomics, 26, 405–410.
    • (1995) Applied Ergonomics , vol.26 , pp. 405-410
    • Grant, K.A.1    Habes, D.J.2    Tepper, A.L.3
  • 48
    • 17044456229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forearm muscular load and wrist angle among automobile assembly line workers in relation to symptoms
    • Hagg, G.M., Osier, J., & Byslrom, S. (1997). Forearm muscular load and wrist angle among automobile assembly line workers in relation to symptoms. Applied Ergonomics, 28, 41–47.
    • (1997) Applied Ergonomics , vol.28 , pp. 41-47
    • Hagg, G.M.1    Osier, J.2    Byslrom, S.3
  • 49
    • 0023722358 scopus 로고
    • Occupational back pain of nurses: Special problems and prevention
    • Harber, P., Billet, E., Shimozaki, S., & Vojteeky, M. (1988). Occupational back pain of nurses: Special problems and prevention. Applied Ergonomics, 19, 219–224.
    • (1988) Applied Ergonomics , vol.19 , pp. 219-224
    • Harber, P.1    Billet, E.2    Shimozaki, S.3    Vojteeky, M.4
  • 51
    • 0023554299 scopus 로고
    • Importance of non-patient transfer activities in nursing-related back pain: II. Observational study and implications
    • Harber, P., Shimozaki, S., Gardner, G., Billet, E., Vojtccky, M., & Kanim, L. (1987). Importance of non-patient transfer activities in nursing-related back pain: II. Observational study and implications. Journal of Occupational Medicine, 29, 971–974.
    • (1987) Journal of Occupational Medicine , vol.29 , pp. 971-974
    • Harber, P.1    Shimozaki, S.2    Gardner, G.3    Billet, E.4    Vojtccky, M.5    Kanim, L.6
  • 52
    • 0029903034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postural analysis of nursing work
    • Hignett S. (1996). Postural analysis of nursing work. Applied Ergonomics, 27, 171–175.
    • (1996) Applied Ergonomics , vol.27 , pp. 171-175
    • Hignett, S.1
  • 56
    • 0025388851 scopus 로고
    • Observations of working postures in garages using the Ovako Working Posture Analysing System (OWAS) and consequent workload reduction recommendations
    • Kant, I., Notermans, J.H.V., & Bonn, P.J.A. (1990). Observations of working postures in garages using the Ovako Working Posture Analysing System (OWAS) and consequent workload reduction recommendations. Ergonomics, 33, 209–220.
    • (1990) Ergonomics , vol.33 , pp. 209-220
    • Kant, I.1    Notermans, J.H.V.2    Bonn, P.J.A.3
  • 57
    • 0019543367 scopus 로고
    • Observing working postures in industry: Examples of OWAS application
    • Karhu, O., Harkonen, R., Sorvali, P., & Vepsalainen, P. (1981). Observing working postures in industry: Examples of OWAS application. Applied Ergonomics, 12, 13–17.
    • (1981) Applied Ergonomics , vol.12 , pp. 13-17
    • Karhu, O.1    Harkonen, R.2    Sorvali, P.3    Vepsalainen, P.4
  • 59
    • 0028518735 scopus 로고
    • Direct measurements and systematic observations of physical workload among medical secretaries, furniture removers and male and female reference populations
    • Karlqvist, L., Winkel, J., & Wiklorin, C. (1994). Direct measurements and systematic observations of physical workload among medical secretaries, furniture removers and male and female reference populations. Applied Ergonomics, 25, 319–326.
    • (1994) Applied Ergonomics , vol.25 , pp. 319-326
    • Karlqvist, L.1    Winkel, J.2    Wiklorin, C.3
  • 60
    • 0022702464 scopus 로고
    • Postural analysis of the trunk and shoulders in simulated real time
    • Keyserling, W.M. (1986). Postural analysis of the trunk and shoulders in simulated real time. Ergonomics, 29, 569–583.
    • (1986) Ergonomics , vol.29 , pp. 569-583
    • Keyserling, W.M.1
  • 61
    • 0002227341 scopus 로고
    • Computer-aided posture analysis of the trunk, neck, shoulders and lower extremities
    • W. Karwowski, A.M. Genaidy, &. S.S. Asfour (Eds.), London, U.K.: Taylor & Francis
    • Keyserling, W.M. (1990). Computer-aided posture analysis of the trunk, neck, shoulders and lower extremities. In W. Karwowski, A.M. Genaidy, &. S.S. Asfour (Eds.), Computer-aided ergonomic (pp. 261–272). London, U.K.: Taylor & Francis.
    • (1990) Computer-Aided Ergonomic , pp. 261-272
    • Keyserling, W.M.1
  • 62
    • 0027261643 scopus 로고
    • The effectiveness of a joint labor-management program in controlling awkward postures of the trunk, neck, and shoulders: Results of a field study
    • Keyserling, W.M., Brouwder, M., & Silverstein, B.A. (1993). The effectiveness of a joint labor-management program in controlling awkward postures of the trunk, neck, and shoulders: Results of a field study. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, II, 51–65.
    • (1993) International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics , vol.2 , pp. 51-65
    • Keyserling, W.M.1    Brouwder, M.2    Silverstein, B.A.3
  • 64
    • 0028148777 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of physical exposure in relation to work-related musculoskeletal disorders: What information can be obtained from systematic observation? Scandinavian Journal of Work
    • Kilbom, A. (1994). Assessment of physical exposure in relation to work-related musculoskeletal disorders: What information can be obtained from systematic observation? Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 20, 30–15.
    • (1994) Environment and Health , vol.20 , pp. 30-15
    • Kilbom, A.1
  • 65
    • 0026016601 scopus 로고
    • Analysis and improvement of work postures in the building industry: Application of the computerised OWAS method
    • Kivi, P., & Manila, M. (1991). Analysis and improvement of work postures in the building industry: Application of the computerised OWAS method. Applied Ergonomics, 22, 43–48.
    • (1991) Applied Ergonomics , vol.22 , pp. 43-48
    • Kivi, P.1    Manila, M.2
  • 67
    • 0028419620 scopus 로고
    • Manual handling in warehouses: The illusion of correct working postures
    • Kuorinka, I., Lortie, M., & Gautreau, M. (1994). Manual handling in warehouses: The illusion of correct working postures. Ergonomics, 37, 655–661.
    • (1994) Ergonomics , vol.37 , pp. 655-661
    • Kuorinka, I.1    Lortie, M.2    Gautreau, M.3
  • 68
    • 0024524359 scopus 로고
    • The effects of preview and task symmetry on trunk muscle response to sudden loading
    • Lavender, S.A., Mirka, G.A., Schoenmarklin, R.W., Sommerich, CM., Sudhakar, L.R., & Marras. W.S. (1989). The effects of preview and task symmetry on trunk muscle response to sudden loading. Human Factors, 31. 101–115.
    • (1989) Human Factors , vol.31 , pp. 101-115
    • Lavender, S.1    Mirka, A.2    Schoenmarklin, G.A.3    Sommerich, C.M.4    Sudhakar, L.R.5
  • 71
    • 0024548643 scopus 로고
    • Occupational lifting by nursing aides and warehouse workers
    • Ljungberg, A-S., Kilbom, A., & Hagg, G.M. (1989). Occupational lifting by nursing aides and warehouse workers. Ergonomics, 32, 59–78.
    • (1989) Ergonomics , vol.32 , pp. 59-78
    • Ljungberg, A.-S.1    Kilbom, A.2    Hagg, G.M.3
  • 72
    • 0010407297 scopus 로고
    • Analyse du travail de manutenlion de patients des aides-soignants dans un hopital pour soins prolonges [Task analysis of patient handling by orderlies in a geriatric hospital]
    • Lortie, M. (1986). Analyse du travail de manutenlion de patients des aides-soignants dans un hopital pour soins prolonges [Task analysis of patient handling by orderlies in a geriatric hospital]. Le Travail humain, 49, 315–332.
    • (1986) Le Travail Humain , vol.49 , pp. 315-332
    • Lortie, M.1
  • 73
    • 0025483645 scopus 로고
    • Physical work and strain involved in manual sorting of postal parcels
    • Louhevaara, V., Hakola, T., & Ollila, H. (1990). Physical work and strain involved in manual sorting of postal parcels. Ergonomics, 33, 1115–1130.
    • (1990) Ergonomics , vol.33 , pp. 1115-1130
    • Louhevaara, V.1    Hakola, T.2    Ollila, H.3
  • 74
    • 0023194679 scopus 로고
    • Investigation of optimal table height and surface angle in meateutting
    • Magnusson, M., & Ortengren, R. (1987). Investigation of optimal table height and surface angle in meateutting. Applied Ergonomics, 18, 146–152.
    • (1987) Applied Ergonomics , vol.18 , pp. 146-152
    • Magnusson, M.1    Ortengren, R.2
  • 75
    • 0026089639 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the physical work load of bricklayers in the steel industry. Scandinavian Journal of Work
    • Malchaire, J.B., & Rezk-Kallah, B. (1991). Evaluation of the physical work load of bricklayers in the steel industry. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 17, 110–116.
    • (1991) Environment and Health , vol.17 , pp. 110-116
    • Malchaire, J.B.1    Rezk-Kallah, B.2
  • 76
    • 0024059866 scopus 로고
    • The incidence of underfoot accidents during 1985 in a working population of 10,000 Meyerside people
    • Manning, D.P., Ayers, I., Jones, C, Bruce, M., & Cohen, K. (1988). The incidence of underfoot accidents during 1985 in a working population of 10,000 Meyerside people. Journal of Occupational Accident, 10. 121–130.
    • (1988) Journal of Occupational Accident , vol.10 , pp. 121-130
    • Manning, D.P.1    Ayers, I.2    Jones, C.3    Bruce, M.4    Cohen, K.5
  • 77
    • 0024954804 scopus 로고
    • Trunk strength during asymmetric trunk motion
    • Marras, W.S. & Mirka, G.A. (1989). Trunk strength during asymmetric trunk motion. Human Factors, 31, 667–677.
    • (1989) Human Factors , vol.31 , pp. 667-677
    • Marras, W.S.1    Mirka, G.A.2
  • 78
    • 0027756148 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of working postures in hammering tasks on building construction sites using the computerized OWAS method
    • Mattila, M., Karwowski, W., & Vilkki, M. (1993). Analysis of working postures in hammering tasks on building construction sites using the computerized OWAS method. Ajjplied Ergonomics, 24, 405–412.
    • (1993) Ajjplied Ergonomics , vol.24 , pp. 405-412
    • Mattila, M.1    Karwowski, W.2    Vilkki, M.3
  • 79
    • 0027575121 scopus 로고
    • RULA: A survey method for the investigation of work-related upper limb disorders
    • McAtamney, L., & Corlett, E.N. (1993). RULA: A survey method for the investigation of work-related upper limb disorders. Applied Ergonomics, 24, 91–99.
    • (1993) Applied Ergonomics , vol.24 , pp. 91-99
    • McAtamney, L.1    Corlett, E.N.2
  • 80
    • 0022346967 scopus 로고
    • Dynamically and statically determined low back moments during lifting
    • McGill, S.M., & Norman, R.W. (1985). Dynamically and statically determined low back moments during lifting. Journal of Biomechanics, 18, 877–885.
    • (1985) Journal of Biomechanics , vol.18 , pp. 877-885
    • McGill, S.M.1    Norman, R.W.2
  • 81
    • 0029609762 scopus 로고
    • Reduction of farmers’ postural load during occupationally oriented medical rehabilitation
    • Nevala-Puranen, N. (1995). Reduction of farmers’ postural load during occupationally oriented medical rehabilitation. Applied Ergonomics, 26, 411–415.
    • (1995) Applied Ergonomics , vol.26 , pp. 411-415
    • Nevala-Puranen, N.1
  • 82
    • 0027626614 scopus 로고
    • Musculoskeletal disorders among male sewing machine operators in shoemaking
    • Nieves Serratos-Perez, J., & Mendiola-Anda, C. (1993). Musculoskeletal disorders among male sewing machine operators in shoemaking. Ergonomics, 36, 793–800.
    • (1993) Ergonomics , vol.36 , pp. 793-800
    • Nieves, J.1    Mendiola-Anda, C.2
  • 83
    • 0025144752 scopus 로고
    • Control of voluntary trunk movements in man-mechanisms for postural equilibrium during standing
    • Oddsson, L.I.E. (1990). Control of voluntary trunk movements in man-mechanisms for postural equilibrium during standing. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 140(Suppl. 595), 1–60.
    • (1990) Acta Physiologica Scandinavica , vol.140 , pp. 1-60
    • Oddsson, L.I.E.1
  • 84
    • 85008837493 scopus 로고
    • L’analyse du travail [Work analysis]
    • France: Presses Universitaires de France
    • Oinbredane, A., & Faverge, J.M. (1955). L’analyse du travail [Work analysis]. Paris, France: Presses Universitaires de France.
    • (1955) Paris
    • Oinbredane, A.1    Faverge, J.M.2
  • 85
    • 0028442392 scopus 로고
    • A computerised system for analysing working postures in agriculture
    • Pinzke, S. (1994). A computerised system for analysing working postures in agriculture. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. 13, 307–315.
    • (1994) International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics , vol.13 , pp. 307-315
    • Pinzke, S.1
  • 86
    • 0025743661 scopus 로고
    • Back disorders and nonncutral trunk postures of automobile assembly workers. Scandinavian Journal of Work
    • Punnett, L., Fine, L.J., Keyserling, W.M., Herrin, CD., & Chaffin, D.B. (1991). Back disorders and nonncutral trunk postures of automobile assembly workers. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 17, 337–346.
    • (1991) Environment and Health , vol.17 , pp. 337-346
    • Punnett, L.1    Fine, L.J.2    Keyserling, W.M.3    Herrin, C.D.4    Chaffin, D.B.5
  • 87
    • 0023373198 scopus 로고
    • Exposure to ergonomic strcssors in the garment industry: Application and critique of job-site work analysis methods
    • Punnett, L., & Keyserling, W.M. (1987). Exposure to ergonomic strcssors in the garment industry: application and critique of job-site work analysis methods. Ergonomics, 30, 1099–1116.
    • (1987) Ergonomics , vol.30 , pp. 1099-1116
    • Punnett, L.1    Keyserling, W.M.2
  • 90
    • 0024644122 scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of musculo-skeletal symptoms in supermarket workers
    • Ryan, G.A. (1989). The prevalence of musculo-skeletal symptoms in supermarket workers. Ergonomics, 32, 359–371.
    • (1989) Ergonomics , vol.32 , pp. 359-371
    • Ryan, G.A.1
  • 91
    • 0018100842 scopus 로고
    • Load on back in concrete reinforcement work. Scandinavian Journal of Work
    • Saari, J., & Wickstrom. G. (1978). Load on back in concrete reinforcement work. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 4, 13–19.
    • (1978) Environment and Health , vol.4 , pp. 13-19
    • Saari, J.1    Wickstrom, G.2
  • 94
    • 0030221839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working practices in a pcrchcry system, using the OVAKO Working posture Analysing System (OWAS)
    • Scott, G.B., & Lambe, N.R. (1996). Working practices in a pcrchcry system, using the OVAKO Working posture Analysing System (OWAS). Applied Ergonomics, 27, 281–284.
    • (1996) Applied Ergonomics , vol.27 , pp. 281-284
    • Scott, G.B.1    Lambe, N.R.2
  • 95
    • 0024579536 scopus 로고
    • Strain in fibers of a lumbar disc: Analysis of the role of lifting in producing disc prolapse
    • Shirazi-Adl, A. (1989). Strain in fibers of a lumbar disc: Analysis of the role of lifting in producing disc prolapse. Spine, 14, 96–103.
    • (1989) Spine , vol.14 , pp. 96-103
    • Shirazi-Adl, A.1
  • 96
    • 38249040758 scopus 로고
    • Postural, cpidemiological and bioinechanical analysis of luggage handling in an aircraft luggage compartement
    • Stalhammar, H.R., Leskinen, T.P.J., Kuorinka, I.A.A., Gautreau, M.H.J., & Troup, J.D.G. (1986). Postural, cpidemiological and bioinechanical analysis of luggage handling in an aircraft luggage compartement. Applied Ergonomics, 17, 177–183.
    • (1986) Applied Ergonomics , vol.17 , pp. 177-183
    • Stalhammar, H.R.1    Leskinen, T.P.J.2    Kuorinka, I.A.A.3    Gautreau, M.H.J.4    Troup, J.D.G.5
  • 97
    • 0024619422 scopus 로고
    • Training in handling: An evaluation study
    • St-Vincent, M., Tellier, C, & Lortie, M. (1989). Training in handling: An evaluation study. Ergonomics, 32, 191–210.
    • (1989) Ergonomics , vol.32 , pp. 191-210
    • St-Vincent, M.1    Tellier, C.2    Lortie, M.3
  • 98
    • 0023111302 scopus 로고
    • The handling of patients on geriatric wards: A challenge for on-the-job training
    • Takala, E.-P., & Kukkonen, R. (1987). The handling of patients on geriatric wards: A challenge for on-the-job training. Applied Ergonomics, 18, 17–22.
    • (1987) Applied Ergonomics , vol.18 , pp. 17-22
    • Takala, E.-P.1    Kukkonen, R.2
  • 101
    • 0029036732 scopus 로고
    • Physical workload of lorry drivers: A comparison of four methods of transport
    • van dcr Beek, A.J., & Frings-Dresen, M.H.W. (1995). Physical workload of lorry drivers: A comparison of four methods of transport. Ergonomics, 38, 1508–1520.
    • (1995) Ergonomics , vol.38 , pp. 1508-1520
    • Van Dcr Beek, A.J.1    Frings-Dresen, M.H.W.2
  • 102
  • 103
    • 0026441335 scopus 로고
    • Working postures and activities of lorry drivers: A reliability study of on-site observation and recording on a pocket computer
    • van der Beek, A.J., van Gaalen, L.C., & Frings-Dresen, H.W. (1992). Working postures and activities of lorry drivers: A reliability study of on-site observation and recording on a pocket computer. Applied Ergonomics, 23, 331–336.
    • (1992) Applied Ergonomics , vol.23 , pp. 331-336
    • Van Der Beek, A.J.1    Van Gaalen, L.C.2    Frings-Dresen, H.W.3
  • 104
    • 0001675630 scopus 로고
    • Mechanical behaviour and strength of the motion segment under compression: Implications for the evaluation of physical work load
    • Van Dieen, J.H., & Oude Vrielink, H.H.E. (1994). Mechanical behaviour and strength of the motion segment under compression: Implications for the evaluation of physical work load. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 14, 293–305.
    • (1994) International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics , vol.14 , pp. 293-305
    • Van Dieen, J.H.1    Oude Vrielink, H.H.E.2
  • 105
    • 0343852755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical load in ship maintenance: Hasard evaluation by means of a workplace survey
    • van Wendel de Joode, B., Burdorf, A., & Verspuy, C. (1997). Physical load in ship maintenance: Hasard evaluation by means of a workplace survey. Applied Ergonomics, 28, 213–219.
    • (1997) Applied Ergonomics , vol.28 , pp. 213-219
    • Van Wendel, A.1    De, A.2    Joode, B.3    Burdorf, A.4    Verspuy, C.5
  • 106
    • 0000911745 scopus 로고
    • Short and long-term
    • Vayrynen, S. (1991). Short and long-term effects of a training program on work postures in rehabilitees: A pilot study of loggers suffering from back troubles. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 7, 103–109.
    • (1991) International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics , vol.7 , pp. 103-109
    • Vayrynen, S.1
  • 107
    • 0030175655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A video-based method for evaluation of low-back load in long-cycle jobs
    • Wickstrom, G., Laine, M., Pentti, J., Hyytiainen, K., & Salminen, J.J. (1996). A video-based method for evaluation of low-back load in long-cycle jobs. Ergonomics, 39, 826–841.
    • (1996) Ergonomics , vol.39 , pp. 826-841
    • Wickstrom, G.1    Laine, M.2    Pentti, J.3    Hyytiainen, K.4    Salminen, J.J.5
  • 108
    • 0029561599 scopus 로고
    • HARBO, a simple computer-aided observation method for recording work postures. Scandinavian Journal of Work
    • Wiktorin, C, Mortimer, M., Ekcnvall, L., Kilbom, A., & Hjelm, E.W. (1995). HARBO, a simple computer-aided observation method for recording work postures. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 21, 440–449.
    • (1995) Environment and Health , vol.21 , pp. 440-449
    • Wiktorin, C.1    Mortimer, M.2    Ekcnvall, L.3    Kilbom, A.4    Hjelm, E.W.5
  • 109
    • 0030008297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A model for solving work related musculoskelelal problems in a profitable way
    • Winkel, J., & Westgaard, R.H. (1996). A model for solving work related musculoskelelal problems in a profitable way. Applied Ergonomics. 27, 71–77.
    • (1996) Applied Ergonomics , vol.27 , pp. 71-77
    • Winkel, J.1    Westgaard, R.H.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.