메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 21, Issue 8, 2000, Pages 555-565

New model for the avian magnetic compass

Author keywords

Bird migration; Ion cyclotron resonance; Magneto visual system; Optic tectum; oscillations

Indexed keywords

BIRDS; CYCLOTRONS; ELECTRIC FIELDS; GEOMAGNETISM;

EID: 0034571832     PISSN: 01978462     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/1521-186X(200012)21:8<555::AID-BEM1>3.0.CO;2-N     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (21)

References (67)
  • 1
    • 0001449131 scopus 로고
    • Skylight polarization patterns and the orientation of migratory birds
    • Able KP. 1989. Skylight polarization patterns and the orientation of migratory birds. J Exp Biology 141:241-256.
    • (1989) J Exp Biology , vol.141 , pp. 241-256
    • Able, K.P.1
  • 2
    • 35949014543 scopus 로고
    • Constraints on biological effects of weak extremely-low-frequency electromagnetic fields
    • Adair RK. 1991. Constraints on biological effects of weak extremely-low-frequency electromagnetic fields. Phys Rev A 43:1039-1048.
    • (1991) Phys Rev A , vol.43 , pp. 1039-1048
    • Adair, R.K.1
  • 3
    • 0028324023 scopus 로고
    • Constraints of thermal noise on the effects of weak 60-Hz magnetic fields acting on biological magnetite
    • Adair RK. 1994. Constraints of thermal noise on the effects of weak 60-Hz magnetic fields acting on biological magnetite. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 91:2925-2929.
    • (1994) Proc Nat Acad Sci USA , vol.91 , pp. 2925-2929
    • Adair, R.K.1
  • 4
    • 0016390453 scopus 로고
    • Effects of modulated VHF fields on the central nervous system
    • Bawin SM, Kazmarek LK, Adey WR. 1975. Effects of modulated VHF fields on the central nervous system. Ann NY Acad Sci 247:74-81.
    • (1975) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.247 , pp. 74-81
    • Bawin, S.M.1    Kazmarek, L.K.2    Adey, W.R.3
  • 5
    • 0023227934 scopus 로고
    • Magnetic responses of the trigeminal nervous system of the bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus)
    • Beason RC, Semm P. 1987. Magnetic responses of the trigeminal nervous system of the bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus). Neurosci Lett 80:229-234.
    • (1987) Neurosci Lett , vol.80 , pp. 229-234
    • Beason, R.C.1    Semm, P.2
  • 6
    • 0026288579 scopus 로고
    • Neuroethological aspects of avian orientation
    • Berthold P, editor. Basel: Burkhauser Verlag.
    • Beason RC, Semm P. 1991. Neuroethological aspects of avian orientation. In: Berthold P, editor. Orientation in birds. Basel: Burkhauser Verlag. p 106-127.
    • (1991) Orientation in Birds , pp. 106-127
    • Beason, R.C.1    Semm, P.2
  • 7
    • 0017174698 scopus 로고
    • Organization of the tectofugal pathway in pigeon: A retrograde transport study
    • Benowitz LI, Karten HJ. 1976. Organization of the tectofugal pathway in pigeon: a retrograde transport study. J Comp Neur 167:503-520.
    • (1976) J Comp Neur , vol.167 , pp. 503-520
    • Benowitz, L.I.1    Karten, H.J.2
  • 8
    • 0027397544 scopus 로고
    • Inositol triphosphate and calcium signaling
    • Berridge MJ. 1993. Inositol triphosphate and calcium signaling. Nature 361:315-325.
    • (1993) Nature , vol.361 , pp. 315-325
    • Berridge, M.J.1
  • 9
    • 0031526703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interference of ion quantum states within a protein explains weak magnetic field's effect on biosystems
    • Binhi VN. 1997. Interference of ion quantum states within a protein explains weak magnetic field's effect on biosystems. Electro Magnetobiol 16:203-214.
    • (1997) Electro Magnetobiol , vol.16 , pp. 203-214
    • Binhi, V.N.1
  • 11
    • 0027159604 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for direct effect of magnetic fields on neurite outgrowth
    • Blackman CF, Benane SG, House DE. 1993. Evidence for direct effect of magnetic fields on neurite outgrowth. FASEB J 7:801-806.
    • (1993) FASEB J , vol.7 , pp. 801-806
    • Blackman, C.F.1    Benane, S.G.2    House, D.E.3
  • 12
    • 0016717082 scopus 로고
    • Magnetotactic bacteria
    • Blakemore RP. 1975. Magnetotactic bacteria. Science 190:377-379.
    • (1975) Science , vol.190 , pp. 377-379
    • Blakemore, R.P.1
  • 13
    • 0028309061 scopus 로고
    • Clarification and application of an ion parametric resonance model for magnetic field interactions with biological systems
    • Blanchard JP, Blackman CF. 1994. Clarification and application of an ion parametric resonance model for magnetic field interactions with biological systems. Bioelectromagnetics 15:217-238.
    • (1994) Bioelectromagnetics , vol.15 , pp. 217-238
    • Blanchard, J.P.1    Blackman, C.F.2
  • 14
    • 0029200520 scopus 로고
    • Comparative distribution of 2[125I] Iodomelatonin binding in the brains of diurnal birds: Outgroup analysis with turtles
    • Cassone VM, Brooks DS, Kelm TA. 1995. Comparative distribution of 2[125I] Iodomelatonin binding in the brains of diurnal birds: outgroup analysis with turtles. Brain Behav Evol 45:241-256.
    • (1995) Brain Behav Evol , vol.45 , pp. 241-256
    • Cassone, V.M.1    Brooks, D.S.2    Kelm, T.A.3
  • 15
    • 0000368959 scopus 로고
    • An experimental study of the avian visual system
    • Cowan WM, Adamson L, Powell TPS. 1961. An experimental study of the avian visual system. J Anat 95:545-562.
    • (1961) J Anat , vol.95 , pp. 545-562
    • Cowan, W.M.1    Adamson, L.2    Powell, T.P.S.3
  • 16
    • 0020654848 scopus 로고
    • Influence of low magnetic-field-strength variations on the retina and pineal gland of quails and humans
    • Cremer-Bartels G, Krause K, Kuchle HK. 1983. Influence of low magnetic-field-strength variations on the retina and pineal gland of quails and humans. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Opthalmol 220:248-252.
    • (1983) Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Opthalmol , vol.220 , pp. 248-252
    • Cremer-Bartels, G.1    Krause, K.2    Kuchle, H.K.3
  • 19
    • 0029008007 scopus 로고
    • Combined magnetic fields increase insulin-like growth factor-II in human osteosarcoma bone cell cultures
    • Fitzsimmons RJ, Ryaby JT, Mohan S, Magee FP, Baylink DJ. 1995. Combined magnetic fields increase insulin-like growth factor-II in human osteosarcoma bone cell cultures. Endocrinology 136:3100-3106.
    • (1995) Endocrinology , vol.136 , pp. 3100-3106
    • Fitzsimmons, R.J.1    Ryaby, J.T.2    Mohan, S.3    Magee, F.P.4    Baylink, D.J.5
  • 20
    • 0019324705 scopus 로고
    • Hummingbirds see near ultraviolet light
    • Goldsmith RH. 1980. Hummingbirds see near ultraviolet light. Science 207:786-788.
    • (1980) Science , vol.207 , pp. 786-788
    • Goldsmith, R.H.1
  • 21
    • 0028866994 scopus 로고
    • Non-synaptic modulation of neuronal activity in the brain: Electric currents and extracellular ions
    • Jefferys JGR. 1995. Non-synaptic modulation of neuronal activity in the brain: electric currents and extracellular ions. Physiol Rev 75:689-723.
    • (1995) Physiol Rev , vol.75 , pp. 689-723
    • Jefferys, J.G.R.1
  • 22
    • 0029174117 scopus 로고
    • Weak, extremely-low-frequency magnetic fields and regeneration in the planarian Dugesia tigrina
    • Jenrow KA, Smith CH, Liboff AR. 1995. Weak, extremely-low-frequency magnetic fields and regeneration in the planarian Dugesia tigrina. Bioelectromagnetics 16:106-112.
    • (1995) Bioelectromagnetics , vol.16 , pp. 106-112
    • Jenrow, K.A.1    Smith, C.H.2    Liboff, A.R.3
  • 23
    • 0001372210 scopus 로고
    • Birds, bees and magnetism
    • Kirschvink JL. 1982. Birds, bees and magnetism. Trends Neurosci 5:160-167.
    • (1982) Trends Neurosci , vol.5 , pp. 160-167
    • Kirschvink, J.L.1
  • 24
    • 0002249695 scopus 로고
    • Evidence from strandings for geomagnetic sensitivity in cetaceans
    • Kirschvink JL, Dizon AE, Westphal JA. 1986. Evidence from strandings for geomagnetic sensitivity in cetaceans. J Exp Biol 120:1-24.
    • (1986) J Exp Biol , vol.120 , pp. 1-24
    • Kirschvink, J.L.1    Dizon, A.E.2    Westphal, J.A.3
  • 25
    • 0020459598 scopus 로고
    • Auditory and visual maps of space in the optic tectum of the owl
    • Knudsen EI. 1982. Auditory and visual maps of space in the optic tectum of the owl. J Neurosci 2:1177-1199.
    • (1982) J Neurosci , vol.2 , pp. 1177-1199
    • Knudsen, E.I.1
  • 26
    • 0017326119 scopus 로고
    • Migrating birds respond to Project Seafarer's electromagnetic field
    • Larkin RP, Sutherland PJ. 1977. Migrating birds respond to Project Seafarer's electromagnetic field. Science 195:777-779.
    • (1977) Science , vol.195 , pp. 777-779
    • Larkin, R.P.1    Sutherland, P.J.2
  • 27
    • 0001217883 scopus 로고
    • A physicochemical mechanism for homing field detection by migratory birds and homing pigeons
    • Leask MJM. 1977. A physicochemical mechanism for homing field detection by migratory birds and homing pigeons. Nature 267:144.
    • (1977) Nature , vol.267 , pp. 144
    • Leask, M.J.M.1
  • 28
    • 0025931048 scopus 로고
    • Possible mechanism for the influence of weak magnetic fields on biological systems
    • Lednev VV. 1991. Possible mechanism for the influence of weak magnetic fields on biological systems. Bioelectromagnetics 12:71-75.
    • (1991) Bioelectromagnetics , vol.12 , pp. 71-75
    • Lednev, V.V.1
  • 30
    • 0031477577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geomagnetic reversals and genome imprinting
    • Liboff AR. 1997a. Geomagnetic reversals and genome imprinting. Electro Magnetobiol 16:309-320.
    • (1997) Electro Magnetobiol , vol.16 , pp. 309-320
    • Liboff, A.R.1
  • 31
    • 0030636970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electric-field ion cyclotron resonance
    • Liboff AR. 1997b. Electric-field ion cyclotron resonance. Bioelectromagnetics 18:85-87.
    • (1997) Bioelectromagnetics , vol.18 , pp. 85-87
    • Liboff, A.R.1
  • 32
    • 34250113723 scopus 로고
    • Geomagnetic cyclotron resonance in living cells
    • Liboff AR. 1985. Geomagnetic cyclotron resonance in living cells. J Biol Phys 13:99-102.
    • (1985) J Biol Phys , vol.13 , pp. 99-102
    • Liboff, A.R.1
  • 33
    • 0023865506 scopus 로고
    • Kinetics of channelized membrane ions in magnetic fields
    • Liboff AR, McLeod BR. 1988. Kinetics of channelized membrane ions in magnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics 9:39-51.
    • (1988) Bioelectromagnetics , vol.9 , pp. 39-51
    • Liboff, A.R.1    McLeod, B.R.2
  • 34
    • 0029667741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of magnetic field intensity by sea turtles
    • Lohmann KJ, Lohmann CMF. 1996. Detection of magnetic field intensity by sea turtles. Nature 380:59-61.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.380 , pp. 59-61
    • Lohmann, K.J.1    Lohmann, C.M.F.2
  • 35
    • 0043275849 scopus 로고
    • Behavior of rats in a radial arm maze during exposure to magnetic fields: Evidence for effect of magnesium ion resonance
    • Bioelectromagnetics Society, Los Angeles, Abstract E-I-6
    • Lovely RH, Creim JA, Miller DL, Anderson LE. 1993. Behavior of rats in a radial arm maze during exposure to magnetic fields: evidence for effect of magnesium ion resonance. 15th Annual Meeting, Bioelectromagnetics Society, Los Angeles, Abstract E-I-6.
    • (1993) 15th Annual Meeting
    • Lovely, R.H.1    Creim, J.A.2    Miller, D.L.3    Anderson, L.E.4
  • 36
    • 0011633935 scopus 로고
    • Der einfluss der erdmagnetfelds und die schereorientierung der honigbiene
    • Martin H, Lindauer M. 1977. Der Einfluss der Erdmagnetfelds und die Schereorientierung der Honigbiene. J Comp Physiol 122:145-187.
    • (1977) J Comp Physiol , vol.122 , pp. 145-187
    • Martin, H.1    Lindauer, M.2
  • 38
    • 0027244660 scopus 로고
    • Visually triggered neuronal oscillations in the pigeon: An autocorrelation study of tectal activity
    • Neuenschwander S, Varela FJ. 1993. Visually triggered neuronal oscillations in the pigeon: An autocorrelation study of tectal activity. Eur J Neurosci 5:870-881.
    • (1993) Eur J Neurosci , vol.5 , pp. 870-881
    • Neuenschwander, S.1    Varela, F.J.2
  • 39
    • 18544378744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synchronization of neuronal responses in the optic tectum of awake pigeons
    • Neuenschwander S, Engel AK, Konig P, Singer W, Varela FJ. 1996. Synchronization of neuronal responses in the optic tectum of awake pigeons. Visual Neurosci 13(3):575-584.
    • (1996) Visual Neurosci , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. 575-584
    • Neuenschwander, S.1    Engel, A.K.2    Konig, P.3    Singer, W.4    Varela, F.J.5
  • 40
    • 0026655808 scopus 로고
    • Behavioural evidence for use of a light-dependent magnetoreception mechanism by a vertebrate
    • Phillips JB, Borland SC. 1992. Behavioural evidence for use of a light-dependent magnetoreception mechanism by a vertebrate. Nature 359:142-144.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.359 , pp. 142-144
    • Phillips, J.B.1    Borland, S.C.2
  • 41
    • 0030633959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Light-dependent and -independent behavioral effects of low frequency magnetic fields in a land snail are consistent with a Parametric Resonance mechanism
    • Prato FS, Kavaliers M, Cullen AP, Thomas AW. 1997. Light-dependent and -independent behavioral effects of low frequency magnetic fields in a land snail are consistent with a Parametric Resonance mechanism. Bioelectromagnetics 18:284-291.
    • (1997) Bioelectromagnetics , vol.18 , pp. 284-291
    • Prato, F.S.1    Kavaliers, M.2    Cullen, A.P.3    Thomas, A.W.4
  • 42
    • 0024994771 scopus 로고
    • Combined DC and ELF magnetic fields can alter cell proliferation
    • Ross SM. 1990. Combined DC and ELF magnetic fields can alter cell proliferation. Bioelectromagnetics 11:27-36.
    • (1990) Bioelectromagnetics , vol.11 , pp. 27-36
    • Ross, S.M.1
  • 43
    • 84889848161 scopus 로고
    • A biomagnetic sensory mechanism based on magnetic field modulated coherent electron spin motion
    • Schulten K, Swenberg CE, Weller A. 1978. A biomagnetic sensory mechanism based on magnetic field modulated coherent electron spin motion. Z fur Physikal Chemie Neue Folge 111:1-5.
    • (1978) Z fur Physikal Chemie Neue Folge , vol.111 , pp. 1-5
    • Schulten, K.1    Swenberg, C.E.2    Weller, A.3
  • 44
    • 0023672253 scopus 로고
    • The magnetic detection system of the pigeon: Involvement of pineal and retinal photoreceptors and the vestibular system
    • O'Connor ME, Lovely RH, editors. New York: Liss Academic
    • Semm P. 1988. The magnetic detection system of the pigeon: involvement of pineal and retinal photoreceptors and the vestibular system. In: O'Connor ME, Lovely RH, editors. Electromagnetic fields and neurobiological function. New York: Liss Academic, p 47-61.
    • (1988) Electromagnetic Fields and Neurobiological Function , pp. 47-61
    • Semm, P.1
  • 45
    • 0021017134 scopus 로고
    • Electrical responses to direct and indirect photic stimulation of the pineal gland in the pigeon
    • Semm P, Demaine C. 1983. Electrical responses to direct and indirect photic stimulation of the pineal gland in the pigeon. J Neural Trans 58:281-289.
    • (1983) J Neural Trans , vol.58 , pp. 281-289
    • Semm, P.1    Demaine, C.2
  • 46
    • 0022820455 scopus 로고
    • Neurophysiological properties of magnetic cells in the visual system of the pigeon
    • Semm P, Demaine C. 1986. Neurophysiological properties of magnetic cells in the visual system of the pigeon. J Comp Physiol 159:619-625.
    • (1986) J Comp Physiol , vol.159 , pp. 619-625
    • Semm, P.1    Demaine, C.2
  • 47
    • 0021162949 scopus 로고
    • Neural basis of the magnetic compass: Interactions of visual, magnetic, and vestibular inputs in the pigeon's brain
    • Semm P, Nohr D, Demaine C, Wiltschko W. 1984. Neural basis of the magnetic compass: interactions of visual, magnetic, and vestibular inputs in the pigeon's brain. J Comp Physiol 155:283.
    • (1984) J Comp Physiol , vol.155 , pp. 283
    • Semm, P.1    Nohr, D.2    Demaine, C.3    Wiltschko, W.4
  • 48
    • 0042110785 scopus 로고
    • Interaction between magnetic stimuli and annual activity in birds: Behavioral and physiological investigations
    • Semm P, Bretschneider H, Dilla HK, Wiltschko W. 1987. Interaction between magnetic stimuli and annual activity in birds: behavioral and physiological investigations. Comp Physiol 3:171-182.
    • (1987) Comp Physiol , vol.3 , pp. 171-182
    • Semm, P.1    Bretschneider, H.2    Dilla, H.K.3    Wiltschko, W.4
  • 49
    • 0029120781 scopus 로고
    • Intratelencephalic projections of the visual wulst in pigeons (Columbia livia)
    • Shimizu T, Cox K, Karten HJ. 1995. Intratelencephalic projections of the visual wulst in pigeons (Columbia livia). J Comp Neurol 359:551-572.
    • (1995) J Comp Neurol , vol.359 , pp. 551-572
    • Shimizu, T.1    Cox, K.2    Karten, H.J.3
  • 50
    • 0027481223 scopus 로고
    • Synchronization of cortical activity and its putative role in information processing and learning
    • Singer W. 1993. Synchronization of cortical activity and its putative role in information processing and learning. Ann Rev Physiol 55:349-374.
    • (1993) Ann Rev Physiol , vol.55 , pp. 349-374
    • Singer, W.1
  • 51
    • 0042611858 scopus 로고
    • Effects of ion resonance tuned magnetic fields on N-18 neuroblastoma cells
    • Allen MJ, Cleary SF, Sowers AE, Shillady DD, editors. Boston: Birkhauser
    • Smith SD, Liboff AR, McLeod BR, Barr EJ. 1992. Effects of ion resonance tuned magnetic fields on N-18 neuroblastoma cells. In: Allen MJ, Cleary SF, Sowers AE, Shillady DD, editors. Charge and field effects in biosystems. Boston: Birkhauser.
    • (1992) Charge and Field Effects in Biosystems
    • Smith, S.D.1    Liboff, A.R.2    McLeod, B.R.3    Barr, E.J.4
  • 53
    • 43949169612 scopus 로고
    • Effects of CR-tuned 60Hz magnetic fields on sprouting and early growth of Raphanus sativus
    • Smith SD, McLeod BR, Liboff AR. 1993. Effects of CR-tuned 60Hz magnetic fields on sprouting and early growth of Raphanus sativus. Bioelectrochem Bioenergetics 32:67-71.
    • (1993) Bioelectrochem Bioenergetics , vol.32 , pp. 67-71
    • Smith, S.D.1    McLeod, B.R.2    Liboff, A.R.3
  • 54
    • 0002674066 scopus 로고
    • Lateral specialization in the surgically separated hemispheres
    • Schmitt FO, Worden FG, editors. Cambridge: MIT Press.
    • Sperry RW. 1974. Lateral specialization in the surgically separated hemispheres. In: Schmitt FO, Worden FG, editors. The neurosciences: third study program. Cambridge: MIT Press. p 5-19.
    • (1974) The Neurosciences: Third Study Program , pp. 5-19
    • Sperry, R.W.1
  • 55
    • 0028114863 scopus 로고
    • Odors, oscillations, and waves: Does it all compute?
    • Tank DW, Gelperin A, Kleinfeld D. 1994. Odors, oscillations, and waves: does it all compute? Science 265:1819-1820.
    • (1994) Science , vol.265 , pp. 1819-1820
    • Tank, D.W.1    Gelperin, A.2    Kleinfeld, D.3
  • 56
    • 0021245781 scopus 로고
    • Excitation of hippocampal pyramidal cells by an electrical field
    • Taylor CP, Dudek FE. 1984. Excitation of hippocampal pyramidal cells by an electrical field. J Neurophysiol 52:126-142.
    • (1984) J Neurophysiol , vol.52 , pp. 126-142
    • Taylor, C.P.1    Dudek, F.E.2
  • 57
    • 0022988385 scopus 로고
    • Low-intensity magnetic fields alter operant behavior in rats
    • Thomas JR, Schrot J, Liboff AR. 1986. Low-intensity magnetic fields alter operant behavior in rats. Bioelectromagnetics 7:349-357.
    • (1986) Bioelectromagnetics , vol.7 , pp. 349-357
    • Thomas, J.R.1    Schrot, J.2    Liboff, A.R.3
  • 59
    • 0025020025 scopus 로고
    • The response of living cells to very weak electric fields: The thermal noise limit
    • Weaver JC, Astumian RP. 1990. The response of living cells to very weak electric fields: The thermal noise limit. Science 247:459-462.
    • (1990) Science , vol.247 , pp. 459-462
    • Weaver, J.C.1    Astumian, R.P.2
  • 60
    • 0026756591 scopus 로고
    • Hunt for the magnetoreceptor
    • Wehner R. 1992. Hunt for the magnetoreceptor. Nature 359:105-106.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.359 , pp. 105-106
    • Wehner, R.1
  • 61
    • 0003016495 scopus 로고
    • The influence of magnetic total intensity and inclination on directions preferred by migrating European robins
    • Washington DC: NASA SP-262, US GPO
    • Wiltschko W. 1972. The influence of magnetic total intensity and inclination on directions preferred by migrating European robins. In: Animal orientation and navigation. Washington DC: NASA SP-262, US GPO.
    • (1972) Animal Orientation and Navigation
    • Wiltschko, W.1
  • 62
    • 0027338348 scopus 로고
    • Red light disrupts magnetic orientation of migratory birds
    • Wiltschko W, Munro U, Ford H, Wiltschko R. 1993. Red light disrupts magnetic orientation of migratory birds. Nature 364:525-527.
    • (1993) Nature , vol.364 , pp. 525-527
    • Wiltschko, W.1    Munro, U.2    Ford, H.3    Wiltschko, R.4
  • 63
    • 0002538621 scopus 로고
    • Magnetic compass of European robins
    • Wiltschko W, Wiltschko R. 1972. Magnetic compass of European robins. Science 176:62-66.
    • (1972) Science , vol.176 , pp. 62-66
    • Wiltschko, W.1    Wiltschko, R.2
  • 64
    • 0019439190 scopus 로고
    • Disorientation of inexperienced young pigeons after transportation in total darkness
    • Wiltschko W, Wiltschko R. 1981. Disorientation of inexperienced young pigeons after transportation in total darkness. Nature 291:433-434.
    • (1981) Nature , vol.291 , pp. 433-434
    • Wiltschko, W.1    Wiltschko, R.2
  • 65
    • 0000002066 scopus 로고
    • A preliminary study of the physical basis of bird navigation II
    • Yeagley HL. 1951. A preliminary study of the physical basis of bird navigation II. J Appl Phys 22:746-760.
    • (1951) J Appl Phys , vol.22 , pp. 746-760
    • Yeagley, H.L.1
  • 66
    • 0026604877 scopus 로고
    • Time-varying and static magnetic fields act in combination to alter calcium signal transduction in the lymphocyte
    • Yost MG, Liburdy RP. 1992. Time-varying and static magnetic fields act in combination to alter calcium signal transduction in the lymphocyte. FEBS Lett 296:117.
    • (1992) FEBS Lett , vol.296 , pp. 117
    • Yost, M.G.1    Liburdy, R.P.2
  • 67
    • 0031606919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined action of static and alternating magnetic fields on ionic current in aqueous glutamic acid solution
    • Zhadin MN, Novikoff VV, Barnes FS, Pergola NF. 1998. Combined action of static and alternating magnetic fields on ionic current in aqueous glutamic acid solution. Bioelectromagnetics 19:41-45.
    • (1998) Bioelectromagnetics , vol.19 , pp. 41-45
    • Zhadin, M.N.1    Novikoff, V.V.2    Barnes, F.S.3    Pergola, N.F.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.