The ethics of xenotransplantation

Journal of Applied Philosophy

Volumn 17, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 253-262

  Reiss, Michael J ^a  

^a HOMERTON COLLEGE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

SUFFERING;

ANALYTICAL APPROACH; ANIMAL; ANIMAL RIGHTS; ANIMAL WELFARE; ARTICLE; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; ETHICS; HEALTH CARE AND PUBLIC HEALTH; HUMAN; NATURAL SCIENCE; PRIMATE; RELIGION; RISKS AND BENEFITS; SWINE; TRANSGENIC ANIMAL; XENOGRAFT;

ANALYTICAL APPROACH; HEALTH CARE AND PUBLIC HEALTH; RISKS AND BENEFITS; SUFFERING;

ANIMAL; ANIMAL RIGHTS; ANIMAL WELFARE; ANIMALS, GENETICALLY MODIFIED; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; ETHICAL ANALYSIS; HUMAN; NATURE; PRIMATES; RELIGION; SWINE; TRANSPLANTATION, HETEROLOGOUS;

EID: 0034571175     PISSN: 02643758     EISSN: 14685930     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/1468-5930.00160     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. ALAN HIKKABD and ANDREW JOHNSON (eds.) (1998) Animal Biotechnology and Ethics (London, Chapman & Hall)
2. PETER SANDØE and NILS HOLTUNG (1998) Ethical aspects of biotechnology in farm animal production, Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A, Animal Science, Supplementum, 29, 51
3. MIKE APPLEBY (1999) What Should We Do about Animal Welfare? (Oxford, Blackwell Science)
4. ANNE MACLEAN (1993) The Elimination of Morality: Reflections on utilitarianism and bioethics (London, Routledge).
5. See NUFFIELD COUNCIL ON BIOETHICS (1996) Animal-to-Human Transplants: The ethics of xenotransplantation (London, Nuffield Council on Bioethics)
6. THE ADVISORY GROUP ON THE ETHICS OF XENOTRANSPLANTATION (1996) Animal Tissue into Humans (London, Department of Health)
7. MAE-WAN HO (1998) Genetic Engineering — Dream or Nightmare? The Brave New World of bad science and big business (Bath, Gateway Books)
8. ROBERT A. WEISS (1998) Transgenic pigs and virus adaptation, Nature, 391, 327
9. EVE-MARIE ENGELS (1999) Xenotransplantation: a doubtful prospect, Biologist, 46, 73. The World Health Organisation has an active electronic discussion group on xenotransplantation to which a number of philosophers, amongst others, contribute. To subscribe to it — there is no fee — send an e-mail with the subject line blank and with ‘subscribe xenodiscussion’ in the body of the message to . An archive website is supported by the OECD at www.oecd.org./dsti/sti/s_t/ biotech/xenosite/country.htm which also provides links to policy and consultation documents produced by individual countries. In 1999 the Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly voted for an international moratorium on xenotransplantation but for further research to be undertaken.
10. UNITED KINGDOM XENOTRANSPLANTATION INTERIM REGULATORY AUTHORITY (1999) Draft Report of the Infection Surveillance Steering Group of the UKXIA (London, Department of Health). Similar stipulations are being proposed in some other countries.
11. Khazal Paradis, Gillian Langford, Zhifeng Long, Walid Heneine, Paul Sabd-Strom, William M. Switzer, Louisa E. Chapman, Chris Lockey, David Onions, THE XEN 111 STUDY GROUP and EDWARD OTTO (1999) Search for cross-species transmission of porcine endogenous retrovirus in patients treated with living pig tissue, Science, 285, 1236.
12. Novartis Imutran (1999) Animal Welfare: Xenotransplantation — helping to solve the global organ shortage (Cambridge, Imutran Ltd.).
13. ANON (1999) Online bidders’ stake in kidney, Monash Bioethics Review, 18, 39.
14. For discussion of the ethical issues raised by the sale of human organs see Andrew Kimbrell (1993) The Human Body Shop: The engineering and marketing of life (London, HarperCollins Religious)
15. Nicole Gerrand (1999) The misuse of Kant in the debate about a market for human body parts, Journal of Applied Philosophy, 16, 59.
16. Michael J. Reiss and Roger Straughan (1996) Improving Nature? The science and ethics of genetic engineering (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press).
17. Jane A. Smith and Kenneth M. Boyd (eds.) (1991) Lives in the Balance: The ethics of using animals in biomedical research — The Report of a Working Party of the Institute of Medical Ethics (Oxford, Oxford University Press).
18. Marian Stamp Dawkins (1980) Animal Suffering: The science of animal welfare (London, Chapman and Hall)
19. Pepter Singer (1993) Practical Ethics, 2nd edn (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press).
20. E. S. JENKINS and R. D. COMBES (1999) The welfare problems associated with using transgenic mice to bioassay for bovine spongiform encephalopathy, Animal Welfare, 8, 421.
21. Novartis Imutran (1999) The welfare problems associated with using transgenic mice to bioassay for bovine spongiform encephalopathy, Animal Welfare, 8, 421.
22. Gill Langley and Joyce D’silva (1998) Animal Organs in Humans: Uncalculated risks & unanswered questions (London, British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection & Petersfield, Compassion in World Farming)
23. Tim O’biren (1998) Farm Animal Genetic Engineering, 2nd edn (Petersfield, Compassion in World Farming)
24. Home Office (1999) Draft Code of Practice for the Housing and Care of Pigs Intended for Use as Xenotransplant Source Animals (London, Home Office).
25. Home Office (1999) Draft Code of Practice for the Housing and Care of Pigs Intended for Use as Xenotransplant Source Animals (London, Home Office)., p.18.
26. Novartis Imutran (1999) Draft Code of Practice for the Housing and Care of Pigs Intended for Use as Xenotransplant Source Animals (London, Home Office)., p.18
27. Martin Heidegger (1977) The Question Concerning Technology and Other Essays. Translated and with an Introduction by William Lovitt (New York, Harper Colophon).
28. Ted Peters (1997) Playing God? Genetic determinism and human freedom (New York, Routledge).
29. Reviewed by Reiss and Straughan See also Andrew Linzey and Dorothy Yamamoto (eds.) (1998) Animals on the Agenda: Questions about animals for theology and ethics (London, SCM).
30. For a recent collection of essays on human rights situated within the field of genetics see Justine Burley (ed.) (1999) The Genetic Revolution and Human Rights: The Oxford Amnesty Lectures 1998 (Oxford, Oxford University Press).
31. Mark Rowlands (1997) Contractarianism and animal rights, Journal of Applied Philosophy, 14, 235.
32. Henk Verhoog (1992), The concept of intrinsic value and transgenic animals, Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 5, 147
33. Bernard E. Rollin (1995) The Frankenstein Syndrome: Ethical and social issues in the genetic engineering of animals (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press); and Holland and Johnson.
34. Peter Singer (1981) The Expanding Circle: Ethics and sociobiology (Oxford, Clarendon Press)
35. James Rachels (1991) Created from Animals: The moral implications of Darwinism (Oxford, Oxford University Press).
36. The script is available as Lindsay Anderson and David Sheerwin (1973) O Lucky Man! (Plexus, London). The original screenplay is © 1973 by SAM.
37. Jonathan D. Moreno (1995) Deciding Together: Bioethics and moral consensus (Oxford, Oxford University Press)
38. MICHAEL Reiss (1998) Building animals to order, Biologist, 45, 161.