Economic injury levels for western flower thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on greenhouse cucumber

Journal of Economic Entomology

Volumn 93, Issue 6, 2000, Pages 1732-1740

  Shipp, J L ^a   Wang, K ^a   Binns, M R ^a  

^a AGRICULTURE AND AGRI FOOD CANADA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Economic injury level; Frankliniella occidentalis; Greenhouse cucumber

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; COST; CROP; ECONOMICS; FRUIT; INSECT; INSECT CONTROL; PLANT DISEASE; POPULATION DENSITY; SEASON;

ANIMALS; COSTS AND COST ANALYSIS; CROPS, AGRICULTURAL; FRUIT; INSECT CONTROL; INSECTS; PLANT DISEASES; POPULATION DENSITY; SEASONS;

EID: 0034566548     PISSN: 00220493     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Childers, C. C., and D. S. Achor. 1995. Thrips feeding and oviposition injuries to economic plants, subsequent damage and host response to infestation, pp. 31-50. In B. L. Parker, M. Skinner, and T. Lewis [eds.], Thrips biology and management. Plenum, New York.
2. Clarke, N. D., J. L. Shipp, W. R. Jarvis, A. P. Papadopoulos, and T. J. Jewett. 1994. Integrated management of greenhouse crops - a conceptual and potentially practical model. Hortic. Sci. 29: 846-849.
3. Higgins, J. C. 1992. Western flower thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in greenhouse population, distribution on plants, and associations with predators. J. Econ. Entomol. 85: 1891-1903.
4. Higley, L. G., and W. K. Wintersteen. 1996. Threasholds and environmental quality, pp. 249-274. In L. G. Higley and L. P. Pedigo [eds.], Economic thresholds for integrated pest management. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.
5. Hussey,N. W., and W. J. Parr. 1963. The effect of glasshouse red spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) on the yield of cucumbers. J. Hortic. Sci. 38: 255-263.
6. Hutchins, S. H. 1996. Thresholds involving plant quality and phenolofical disruption, pp. 275-290. In L. G. Higley and L. P. Pedigo [eds.], Economic thresholds for integrated pest management. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.
7. Immaraju, J. A., T. D. Paines, J. A. Bethke, K. L. Robb, and J. P. Newman. 1992. Western flower thrips (Thysan-optera: Thripidae) resistance to insecticides in coastal California greenhouse. J. Econ. Entomol. 85: 9-14.
8. Kawai, A. 1986. Studies on population ecology of Thrips palmi Karny. 12. Analysis of damage to eggplant and sweet pepper. Jpn. J. Appl. Entomol. Zool. 30: 179-187 (in Japanese).
9. Lewis, T. 1997. Thrips as crop pests. CAB, New York.
10. Malais, M., and W. J. Ravensberg. 1992. Knowing and recognizing: the biology of glasshouse pests and their natural enemies. Koppert B.V., Berkel en Rodenrijs, The Netherlands.
11. Marcelis, L.F.M. 1992. Non-destructive measurements and growth analysis of the cucumber fruit. J. Hortic. Sci. 67: 457-464.
12. Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food. 1988. Growing greenhouse vegetables. 526. Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
13. Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food. 1990. Grade mandatory for fresh fruits and vegetable products. Regulation 378. Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
14. Parrella, M. P. 1995. IPM-approaches and prospects, pp. 357-364. In B. L. Parker, M. Skinner, and T. Lewis [eds.], Thrips biology and management. Plenum, New York.
15. Pedigo, L. P. 1996. General models of economic thresholds, pp. 41-57. In L. G. Higley and L. P. Pedigo [eds.], Economic thresholds for integrated pest management. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.
16. Pedigo, L. P., F. H. Hutchins, and L. G. Higley. 1986. Economic injury levels in theory and practice. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 31: 341-368.
17. Rosenheim, J. A., S. C. Welter, M. W. Johnson, R. F. Mau and L. R. Gusukuma-minuto. 1990. Direct feeding damage on cucumber by mix-species infestations of Thrips palmi and Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 83: 1519-1525.
18. SAS Institute. 1990. SAS/STAT user's guide. SAS Institute, Cary, NC.
19. Shipp, J. L. 1995. Monitoring of western flower thrips on glasshouse and vegetable crops, pp. 547-555. In B. L. Parker, M. Skinner, and T. Lewis [eds.], Thrips biology and management. Plenum, New York.
20. Shipp, J. L., and Y. M. van Houten. 1996. Influence of temperature and water vapor pressure deficit on survival of predatory mite, Amblyseius cucumeris (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Environ. Entomol. 26: 106-113.
21. Shipp, J. L., G. J. Boland, and L. A. Shaw. 1991. Integrated pest management of disease and arthropod pests of green-house vegetable crops in Ontario: current status and future possibilities. Can. J. Plant Sci. 71: 887-914.
22. Shipp, J. L., X. Hao, A. P. Papadopoulos, and M. R. Binns. 1998a. Impact of western flower thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on growth, photosynthesis and productivity of greenhouse sweet pepper. Sci. Hort. 72: 87-102.
23. Shipp, J. L., M. R. Binns, X. Hao, and K. Wang. 1998b. Economic injury levels for western flower thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on greenhouse sweet pepper. J. Econ. Entomol. 91: 671-677.
24. Steiner M. Y., 1990. Determining population characteristics and sampling procedures for the western flower thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and the predatory mite Amblyseius cucumeris (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on greenhouse cucumber. Environ. Entomol. 19: 1605-1613.
25. Tommasini, M. G., and S. Maini. 1995. Frankliniella occidentalis and other thrips harmful to vegetable and ornamental crops in Europe, pp. 1- 42. In A.J.M. Loomans, J. C. van Lentern, M. G. Tommasini, S. Maini, J. Riudavets, [eds.], Biological control of thrips Pests. Wageningen Agric. Univ. Pap. 95-1.
26. Tommasini, M. G., and G. Nicoli. 1996. Evaluation of Orius spp. as biological control agents of thrips pests, further experiments on the existence of diapause on Orius laevigatus. International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control of Noxious Animals and Plants. West Palaeartic Reg. Sec. Bull. 19: 183-186.
27. Weller, S. C., J. A. Rosenheim, M. W. Johnson, R.F.L. Mau, and L. R. Gusukuma-Minuto. 1990. Effects of Thrips palmi and western flower thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on yield, growth, and carbon allocation patterns in cucumbers. J. Econ. Entomol. 83: 2092-2101.