Cigarette smoking in popular films: Does it increase viewers' likelihood to smoke?

Journal of Applied Social Psychology

Volumn 30, Issue 11, 2000, Pages 2246-2269

  Hines, David ^a   Saris, Renee N ^b   Throckmorton Belzer, Leslee ^b  

^a BALL STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0034562952     PISSN: 00219029     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2000.tb02435.x     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Akers, R. L., & Lee, G. (1996). A longitudinal test of social learning theory: Adolescent smoking. Journal of Drug Issues, 26, 317-343.
2. Bandura, A. (1965). Influence of models' reinforcement contingencies on the acquisition of imitative responses. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1, 589-595.
3. Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
4. Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
5. Bandura, A. (1994). Social cognitive theory of mass communication. In J. Bryant & D. Zillmann (Eds.), Media effects: Advances in theory and research (pp. 61-90). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
6. Bandura, A., Ross, D., & Ross, S. A. (1963). Imitation of film-mediated aggressive models. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 66, 3-11.
7. Barton, J., Chassin, L., Presson, C. C., & Sherman, S. J. (1982). Social image factors as motivators of smoking initiation in early and middle adolescence. Child Development, 52, 1499-1511.
8. Berkowitz, L. (1984). Some effects of thoughts on anti-and prosocial influences of media events: A cognitive-neoassociation analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 410-427.
9. Bloom, P. N., Hogan, J. E., & Blazing, J. (1997). Sports promotion and teen smoking: An exploratory study. American Journal Health Behavior, 21, 100-109.
10. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (1994). Cigarette smoking among adults - United States, 1992, and changes in definition of smoking. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Reports, 43, 342-346.
11. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (1998). Tobacco use among high school students - 1997. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Reports, 47, 229-233.
12. Chapman, S., & Davis, R. M. (1997). Smoking in movies: Is it a problem? Tobacco Control, 43, 269-271.
13. Chassin, L., Presson, C. C., Sherman, S. J., Corty, E., & Olshavsky, R. W. (1981). Self-images and cigarette smoking in adolescence. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 7, 670-676.
14. Cohen, J. (1977). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. New York, NY: Academic Press.
15. Drobes, D. J., & Tiffany, S. T. (1997). Induction of smoking urge through imaginal and in vivo procedures: Physiological and self-report manifestations. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106, 15-25.
16. Fabes, R. A., & Strouse, J. S. (1984). Youth's perceptions of models of sexuality: Implications for sexuality education. Journal of Sex Education and Therapy, 10, 33-37.
17. Fabes, R. A., & Strouse, J. S. (1987). Perceptions of responsible and irresponsible models of sexuality: A correlational study. Journal of Sex Research, 23, 70-84.
18. Gilpin, E. A., & Pierce, J. P. (1997). Trends in adolescent smoking initiation in the United States: Is tobacco marketing an influence? Tobacco Control, 6, 122-127.
19. Graham, J. W., Marks, G., & Hansen, W. B. (1991). Social influence processes affecting adolescent substance use. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76, 291-298.
20. Greenberg, B. S., Brown, J. D., & Buerkel-Rothfuss, N. (1993). Media, sex, and the adolescent. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton.
21. Hajek, P., West, R., & Wilson, J. (1995). Regular smokers, lifetime very light smokers, and reduced smokers: Comparison of psychosocial and smoking characteristics in women. Health Psychology, 14, 195-201.
22. Hays, W. L. (1988). Statistics. Fort Worth, TX: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
23. Hazan, A. R., Lipton, H. L., & Glantz, S. A. (1994). Popular films do not reflect current tobacco use. American Journal of Public Health, 84, 998-1000.
24. Hines, D., Fretz, A. C., & Nollen, N. L. (1997, August). Smoking and perceived personality characteristics: Attributions of smokers and nonsmokers. Paper presented at the annual convention of the American Psychological Association, Chicago, IL.
25. Hines, D., Nollen, N. L., & Fretz, A. C. (1996). One-year follow-up of college student occasional smokers. Tobacco Control, 5, 231.
26. Hines, D., Throckmorton-Belzer, L., & Cahoe, J. R. (1998, August). Changes in smoking status while in college: A retrospective study. Paper presented at the annual convention of the American Psychological Association, San Francisco, CA.
27. Huesmann, L. R. (1986). Psychological processes promoting the relation between exposure to media violence and aggressive behavior by the viewer. Journal of Social Issues, 42, 125-139.
28. Jackson, C., & Henriksen, L. (1997). Do as I say: Parent smoking, antismoking socialization, and smoking onset among children. Addictive Behaviors, 22, 107-114.
29. Jo, E., & Berkowitz, L. (1994). A priming effect analysis of media influences: An update. In J. Bryant & D. Zillmann (Eds.), Media effects: Advances in theory and research (pp. 43-60). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
30. Kaplan, R. M., & Simon, H. J. (1990). Compliance in medical care: Reconsideration of self-predictions. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 12, 66-71.
31. McIntosh, W. D., Bazzini, D. G., Smith, S. M., & Wayne, S. M. (1998). Who smokes in Hollywood? Characteristics of smokers in popular films from 1940 to 1989. Addictive Behaviors, 23, 395-398.
32. Ouelette, J. A., & Wood, W. (1998). Habit and intention in everyday life: The multiple processes by which past behavior predicts future behavior. Psychological Bulletin, 124, 54-74.
33. Paik, H., & Comstock, G. (1994). The effects of television violence on antisocial behavior: A meta-analysis. Communication Research, 21, 516-546.
34. Pallonen, U. E., Prochaska, J. O., Velicer, W. F., Prokhorov, A. V., & Smith, N. F. (1998). Stages of acquisition and cessation for adolescent smoking: An empirical integration. Addictive Behaviors, 23, 303-324.
35. Pollay, R. W. (1997). Jacks, flacks, and counter attacks: Cigarette advertising, sponsored research, and controversies. Journal of Social Issues, 53, 53-75.
36. Rigotti, N. A., DiFranza, J. R., Chang, Y., Tisdale, T., Kemp, B., & Singer, D. E. (1997). The effect of enforcing tobacco sales laws on adolescents' access to tobacco and smoking behavior. New England Journal of Medicine, 337, 1044-1051.
37. Sax, L. J. (1997). Health trends among college freshmen. Journal of American College Health, 45, 252-262.
38. Shiffman, S. (1989). Tobacco "chippers": Individual differences in tobacco dependence. Psychopharmacology, 97, 539-547.
39. Signorielli, N. (1993). Mass media images and impact on health: A sourcebook. Westport, CT: Greenwood.
40. Stockwell, T. F., & Glantz, S. A. (1997). Tobacco use is increasing in popular films. Tobacco Control, 6, 282-284.
41. Strasburger, V. C. (1995). Adolescents and the media: Medical and psychological impact. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
42. Terre, L., Drabman, R. S., & Speer, P. (1991). Health-relevant behaviors in the media. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 21, 1303-1319.
43. Teti, T. S., & Glantz, S. A. (1998). Smoking in movies remained high in 1997. Tobacco Control, 7, 441.
44. Throckmorton-Belzer, L. (1999). Seeing celebrities smoke in cinema: How are young people impacted? Unpublished master's thesis, Ball State University, Muncie, IN.
45. Turco, R. M. (1997). Effects of exposure to cigarette advertisements on adolescents' attitudes toward tobacco. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 27, 1115-1130.
46. Unger, R., & Crawford, M. (1996). Women and gender: A feminist perspective. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
47. Wood, W., Wong, F. Y., & Chacere, J. G. (1991). Effects of media violence on viewers' aggression in unconstrained social interaction. Psychological Bulletin, 109, 371-383.