Violence in the Name of Democracy: Justifications for Separatism on the Radical Right

Terrorism and Political Violence

Volumn 12, Issue 3-4, 2000, Pages 193-208

  Barkun, Michael ^a  

^a SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0034561914     PISSN: 09546553     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09546550008427576     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Richard Maxwell Brown, 'The American Vigilante Tradition', in Hugh Davis Graham and Ted Robert Gurr (eds), The History of Violence in America (New York: Bantam, 1969) pp.154-217.
2. In fact, there are significant overlaps among neo-Nazis, Klan members, Christian Identity believers and other right-radical styles. Hence, such terms do not refer to mutually exclusive categories.
3. 'United States Christian Posse Association', Identity 5/4, pp.1-16. The issue is undated, but the publication sequence indicates that it almost certainly appeared in 1972.
4. 'Nehemiah Township Charter and Common Law Contract', filed with the Kootenai County, Idaho, Clerk, 12 July 1982.
5. Louis Beam, 'Revolutionary Majorities', http://www.ftcnet.com/-freedom/text/ revolutionary_majority.html. The essay first appeared as 'On Revolutionary Majorities', in Inter-Klan Newsletter and Survivial Alert 4 (1984).
6. Louis Beam, 'Revolutionary Majorities', http://www.ftcnet.com/-freedom/text/ revolutionary_majority.html. The essay first appeared as 'On Revolutionary Majorities', in Inter-Klan Newsletter and Survivial Alert 4 (1984).
7. 'United States Christian Posse Association', p.3 (emphasis in original).
8. Ibid., p.6.
9. Ibid., p.9.
10. Ibid., p. 13.
11. Ibid., p.3 (emphasis in original).
12. Ibid., p.10.
13. Ibid., p.1.
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid., p.2.
16. Ibid., p.13.
17. This may have been because of a breach between Gale and followers of Gale's fellow Christian Identity pastor, Wesley Swift. For the convoluted story of these rivalries, see the discussion in Barkun, Religion and the Racist Right: The Origins of the Christian Identity Movement (rev. ed., Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press, 1997) pp.66-9.
18. 'Nehemiah Township Charter' (note 4) p.1 (emphasis in original).
19. Ibid., p.1.
20. Ibid., p.2, para. 5.
21. Ibid., p.3, paras 12 and 13.
22. Ibid., p.4, para. 22.
23. Ibid., p.5, para. 31.
24. Beam (note 5) p.1.
25. Ibid., p.2.
26. Ibid., p.1.
27. Ibid., p.4.
28. Ibid., p.4.
29. Ibid., p.6.
30. Ibid., p.6.
31. Ibid., p.5.
32. Ibid., p.6.
33. Ibid., p.5.
34. See e.g. the shootout between posse member Gordon Kahl and federal marshals in North Dakota in 1983: James Corcoran, Bitter Harvest: Gordon Kahl and the Posse Comitatus. Murder in the Heartland (New York: Viking, 1990). On 'radical localism', see Barkun (note 16) pp.217-23.
35. See e.g. the shootout between posse member Gordon Kahl and federal marshals in North Dakota in 1983: James Corcoran, Bitter Harvest: Gordon Kahl and the Posse Comitatus. Murder in the Heartland (New York: Viking, 1990). On 'radical localism', see Barkun (note 16) pp.217-23.
36. Kevin Flynn and Gary Gerhardt, The Silent Brotherhood: Inside America's Racist Underground (New York: The Free Press, 1989) p.54.
37. Louis Beam, 'Leaderless Resistance', in 'Special Report on the Meeting of Christian Men Held in Estes Park, Colorado, October 23, 24, 25, 1992, Concerning the Killing of Vickie and Samuel Weaver by the United States Government', pp.20-23. The conference was organized by Christian Identity pastor Pete Peters.
38. Brown (note 1).
39. 'Nehemiah Township Charter' (note 4) p.2 (emphasis in original).
40. Beam (note 5) p.6.
41. On the relationship among the posse, the Nehemiah Township Charter and Christian Identity, see Barkun (note 16) pp.218-22.
42. 'Beam Moves Near Aryan Nations Compound', Klanwatch Intelligence Report 70 (December 1993) p.8.
43. 'Nehemiah Township Charter' (note 4) pp.1 and 5, para. 27 (emphasis in original).
44. Barkun (note 16) pp.286-7. One of the fullest descriptions of the Freemen episode is Jean E. Rosenfeld, 'The Importance of the Analysis of Religion in Avoiding Violent Outcomes: The Justus Freemen Case', Nova Religio 1 (October 1997) pp.72-95.
45. Barkun (note 16) pp.286-7. One of the fullest descriptions of the Freemen episode is Jean E. Rosenfeld, 'The Importance of the Analysis of Religion in Avoiding Violent Outcomes: The Justus Freemen Case', Nova Religio 1 (October 1997) pp.72-95.
46. Michael Barkun, 'Millenarians and Violence: The Case of the Christian Identity Movement, in Thomas Robbins and Susan J. Palmer (eds), Millennium, Messiahs, and Mayhem: Contemporary Apocalyptic Movements (New York: Routledge, 1997) pp.247-60.