Weapons of mass disruption and terrorism

Terrorism and Political Violence

Volumn 12, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 37-46

  Bunker, Robert J ^a  

^a AUSA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 0034561241     PISSN: 09546553     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09546550008427548     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. PDD-39 is a classified governmental document. An unclassified version of this document generated as a result of a Freedom of Information Act request by the Federation of American Scientists (FAS) was accessed at their website at http://www.fas.org/irp/offdocs/pdd39.htm (on 15 February 1999).
2. See Ehud Sprinzak, 'The Great Superterrorism Scare', Foreign Policy No. 112 (Fall 1998) pp.110-124 and David C. Rapoport, 'Terrorism and Weapons of the Apocalypse', National Security Studies Quarterly 5/3 (Summer 1999) pp.49-67. Rapoport cites the best empirical studies to date; W. Seth Carus, Bioterrorism and Biocrimes Working Manuscript (Washington, DC: National Defense University, December 1998) and a CNS Monterey Institute study, Terrorism in the USA Involving Weapons of Mass Destruction (Monterey, CA: 1988).
3. See Ehud Sprinzak, 'The Great Superterrorism Scare', Foreign Policy No. 112 (Fall 1998) pp.110-124 and David C. Rapoport, 'Terrorism and Weapons of the Apocalypse', National Security Studies Quarterly 5/3 (Summer 1999) pp.49-67. Rapoport cites the best empirical studies to date; W. Seth Carus, Bioterrorism and Biocrimes Working Manuscript (Washington, DC: National Defense University, December 1998) and a CNS Monterey Institute study, Terrorism in the USA Involving Weapons of Mass Destruction (Monterey, CA: 1988).
4. See Ehud Sprinzak, 'The Great Superterrorism Scare', Foreign Policy No. 112 (Fall 1998) pp.110-124 and David C. Rapoport, 'Terrorism and Weapons of the Apocalypse', National Security Studies Quarterly 5/3 (Summer 1999) pp.49-67. Rapoport cites the best empirical studies to date; W. Seth Carus, Bioterrorism and Biocrimes Working Manuscript (Washington, DC: National Defense University, December 1998) and a CNS Monterey Institute study, Terrorism in the USA Involving Weapons of Mass Destruction (Monterey, CA: 1988).
5. See Ehud Sprinzak, 'The Great Superterrorism Scare', Foreign Policy No. 112 (Fall 1998) pp.110-124 and David C. Rapoport, 'Terrorism and Weapons of the Apocalypse', National Security Studies Quarterly 5/3 (Summer 1999) pp.49-67. Rapoport cites the best empirical studies to date; W. Seth Carus, Bioterrorism and Biocrimes Working Manuscript (Washington, DC: National Defense University, December 1998) and a CNS Monterey Institute study, Terrorism in the USA Involving Weapons of Mass Destruction (Monterey, CA: 1988).
6. In regard to the commercial incidents see National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) ID: LAX97IA056, LAX97IA161, and LAX97IA243. For the incident reports go to http://www.ntsb.gov/Aviation/LAX/. Concerning the police incidents see Capt. Dan Lindsay and Dr. Robert J. Bunker, 'The Laser Threat to Airborne Law Enforcement', Air Beat (November/December 1998 and January/February 1999) pp.26-29 and pp.14-16.
7. For a discussion of this topic see Robert J. Bunker, Terrorist Laser Employment Against Civil Aviation: Issues, Concerns, and Potential Incidents', Transit Policing 8 (Spring 1998) pp.7-8, 21-28.
8. Executive Order 13010, signed 15 July 1996, addresses the disruptive impact of RFWs and cyberattack potentials against the nation's critical infrastructure. This document can be accessed at the White House website at: www.whitehouse.gov.
9. Barnard Baruch was a close associate of President Truman; William C. Green, 'Semantics of "Weapons of Mass Destruction"', paper presented at the Western Political Science Association conference, Seattle, Washington (25 March 1999) p.5.
10. See Green (note 6) pp.5-7.
11. Term definition accessed from the Los Angeles County Emergency Operations Bureau (EOB) website at http://www.eob.org/terror/html/terminology.html (on 15 February 1999).
12. Term definition accessed from the Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) website at http:www.dtic.mil/doctrine/jel/doddict/data/w/06538.html (on 15 February 1999).
13. It should be noted that the term 'disruption' does not exist in Joint Publication 1-02, DOD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms.
14. James K. Campbell, Weapons of Mass Destruction Terrorism (Seminole, Florida: Interpact Press November 1997) pp.7-8.
15. 2. See The Report of the President's Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection, Critical Foundations: Protecting America's Infrastructures (Washington, DC: The White House October 1997) p.B-20.
16. Concerning this group see 'The L.A. County TEW: A Cooperative Intelligence and Warning Framework for Combating Terrorism', The Police Chief 66 (November 1998) p.47.
17. The same problem exists for mass destruction incidents. Any weapon creatively employed has the potential to generate systemic level destruction. For example a crude improvised explosive device (IED) attached to a chlorine tank will result in a mass hazmat incident. If the attack were timed so that the prevailing winds took the resulting cloud into a residential neighborhood in the middle of the night or into a school yard during the day, mass casualties would be expected.
18. Basic primers on conventional weaponry are Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), Anti-personnel Weapons (London: Taylor and Francis 1978) and Eric Prokosch, The Technology of Killing (London: Zed Books 1995).
19. Basic primers on conventional weaponry are Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), Anti-personnel Weapons (London: Taylor and Francis 1978) and Eric Prokosch, The Technology of Killing (London: Zed Books 1995).
20. See Rapoport (note 2) p.116.
21. For the replicative potentials of a computer virus see the recent example of the 'Melissa macro' or W97M-Melissa virus. Geof Becker, 'Rare Warning of Computer Virus Issued', Associated Press (27 March 1999).
22. At a higher dimension of bond-relationship targeting, targeting the internal relations of information within an object would become a hyperattack.
23. With regard to the bond-relationship targeting concept, see Robert J. Bunker, 'Higher Dimensional Warfighting: Bond-Relationship Targeting and Cybershielding', Paper presented at The Future of War, The Ivan Bloch Commemorative Conference, St. Petersburg, Russia (24-27 February 1999).
24. John P. Sullivan, 'Clinic Violence: Responding to Butyric Acid Attacks', The Journal of California Law Enforcement 32 (December 1998) p.13.
25. With regard to these recognized vulnerabilities, see The Report of the President's Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection (note 12).
26. 2 characteristics even though it is generally viewed as a Weapon of Mass Disruption. As such, a cyberattack against an aircraft could be termed a 'virtual' attack.