The business of health security: Employee health benefits, commercial insurers, and the reconstruction of welfare capitalism, 1945-1960

International Labor and Working-Class History

Volumn , Issue 58, 2000, Pages 293-313

  Klein, Jennifer ^a  

^a SMITH COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0034559922     PISSN: 01475479     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0147547900003732     Document Type: Article

References (11)

1. United States House of Representatives, Committee on Ways and Means, Overview of Entitlement Programs, 1994 Greenbook (Washington, 1994), 945.
2. For the conventional narrative, see Lawrence Root, Fringe Benefits: Social Insurance in the Steel Industry (Beverly Hills, CA, 1982), ch. 2; Robert Zieger, American Workers, American Unions, second edition (Baltimore, 1994); Beth Stevens, "Blurring the Boundaries: How the Federal Government Has Influenced Welfare Benefits in the Private Sector," in The Politics of Social Policy, ed. Margaret Weir, Theda Skocpol, and Ann Orloff (Princeton, 1988), 123-48. Labor relations consultants in the 1960s did publish studies of collective bargaining and health insurance as guides for other unions. See, for instance, Raymond Munts, Bargaining for Health: Labor Unions, Health Insurance, and Medical Care (Madison, 1967); and Joseph Garbarino, Health Plans and Collective Bargaining (Berkeley, 1960). More recently, historians have finally begun to probe the actual nature of labor s negotiated health plans: Ivana Krajcinovic, From Company Doctor to Managed Care: The United Mine Workers Noble Experiment (Ithaca, 1997); Rickey Hendricks, "Liberal Default, Labor Support, and Conservative Neutrality: The Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program After World War II," Journal of Policy History 1 (1989):156-80; Joshua B. Freeman, Working-Class New York (New York, 2000), ch. 7; and David Rosner and Gerald Markowitz, "Hospitals, Insurance, and the American Labor Movement," Journal of Policy History 9 (1997):74-95.
3. For the conventional narrative, see Lawrence Root, Fringe Benefits: Social Insurance in the Steel Industry (Beverly Hills, CA, 1982), ch. 2; Robert Zieger, American Workers, American Unions, second edition (Baltimore, 1994); Beth Stevens, "Blurring the Boundaries: How the Federal Government Has Influenced Welfare Benefits in the Private Sector," in The Politics of Social Policy, ed. Margaret Weir, Theda Skocpol, and Ann Orloff (Princeton, 1988), 123-48. Labor relations consultants in the 1960s did publish studies of collective bargaining and health insurance as guides for other unions. See, for instance, Raymond Munts, Bargaining for Health: Labor Unions, Health Insurance, and Medical Care (Madison, 1967); and Joseph Garbarino, Health Plans and Collective Bargaining (Berkeley, 1960). More recently, historians have finally begun to probe the actual nature of labor s negotiated health plans: Ivana Krajcinovic, From Company Doctor to Managed Care: The United Mine Workers Noble Experiment (Ithaca, 1997); Rickey Hendricks, "Liberal Default, Labor Support, and Conservative Neutrality: The Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program After World War II," Journal of Policy History 1 (1989):156-80; Joshua B. Freeman, Working-Class New York (New York, 2000), ch. 7; and David Rosner and Gerald Markowitz, "Hospitals, Insurance, and the American Labor Movement," Journal of Policy History 9 (1997):74-95.
4. For the conventional narrative, see Lawrence Root, Fringe Benefits: Social Insurance in the Steel Industry (Beverly Hills, CA, 1982), ch. 2; Robert Zieger, American Workers, American Unions, second edition (Baltimore, 1994); Beth Stevens, "Blurring the Boundaries: How the Federal Government Has Influenced Welfare Benefits in the Private Sector," in The Politics of Social Policy, ed. Margaret Weir, Theda Skocpol, and Ann Orloff (Princeton, 1988), 123-48. Labor relations consultants in the 1960s did publish studies of collective bargaining and health insurance as guides for other unions. See, for instance, Raymond Munts, Bargaining for Health: Labor Unions, Health Insurance, and Medical Care (Madison, 1967); and Joseph Garbarino, Health Plans and Collective Bargaining (Berkeley, 1960). More recently, historians have finally begun to probe the actual nature of labor s negotiated health plans: Ivana Krajcinovic, From Company Doctor to Managed Care: The United Mine Workers Noble Experiment (Ithaca, 1997); Rickey Hendricks, "Liberal Default, Labor Support, and Conservative Neutrality: The Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program After World War II," Journal of Policy History 1 (1989):156-80; Joshua B. Freeman, Working-Class New York (New York, 2000), ch. 7; and David Rosner and Gerald Markowitz, "Hospitals, Insurance, and the American Labor Movement," Journal of Policy History 9 (1997):74-95.
5. For the conventional narrative, see Lawrence Root, Fringe Benefits: Social Insurance in the Steel Industry (Beverly Hills, CA, 1982), ch. 2; Robert Zieger, American Workers, American Unions, second edition (Baltimore, 1994); Beth Stevens, "Blurring the Boundaries: How the Federal Government Has Influenced Welfare Benefits in the Private Sector," in The Politics of Social Policy, ed. Margaret Weir, Theda Skocpol, and Ann Orloff (Princeton, 1988), 123-48. Labor relations consultants in the 1960s did publish studies of collective bargaining and health insurance as guides for other unions. See, for instance, Raymond Munts, Bargaining for Health: Labor Unions, Health Insurance, and Medical Care (Madison, 1967); and Joseph Garbarino, Health Plans and Collective Bargaining (Berkeley, 1960). More recently, historians have finally begun to probe the actual nature of labor s negotiated health plans: Ivana Krajcinovic, From Company Doctor to Managed Care: The United Mine Workers Noble Experiment (Ithaca, 1997); Rickey Hendricks, "Liberal Default, Labor Support, and Conservative Neutrality: The Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program After World War II," Journal of Policy History 1 (1989):156-80; Joshua B. Freeman, Working-Class New York (New York, 2000), ch. 7; and David Rosner and Gerald Markowitz, "Hospitals, Insurance, and the American Labor Movement," Journal of Policy History 9 (1997):74-95.
6. For the conventional narrative, see Lawrence Root, Fringe Benefits: Social Insurance in the Steel Industry (Beverly Hills, CA, 1982), ch. 2; Robert Zieger, American Workers, American Unions, second edition (Baltimore, 1994); Beth Stevens, "Blurring the Boundaries: How the Federal Government Has Influenced Welfare Benefits in the Private Sector," in The Politics of Social Policy, ed. Margaret Weir, Theda Skocpol, and Ann Orloff (Princeton, 1988), 123-48. Labor relations consultants in the 1960s did publish studies of collective bargaining and health insurance as guides for other unions. See, for instance, Raymond Munts, Bargaining for Health: Labor Unions, Health Insurance, and Medical Care (Madison, 1967); and Joseph Garbarino, Health Plans and Collective Bargaining (Berkeley, 1960). More recently, historians have finally begun to probe the actual nature of labor s negotiated health plans: Ivana Krajcinovic, From Company Doctor to Managed Care: The United Mine Workers Noble Experiment (Ithaca, 1997); Rickey Hendricks, "Liberal Default, Labor Support, and Conservative Neutrality: The Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program After World War II," Journal of Policy History 1 (1989):156-80; Joshua B. Freeman, Working-Class New York (New York, 2000), ch. 7; and David Rosner and Gerald Markowitz, "Hospitals, Insurance, and the American Labor Movement," Journal of Policy History 9 (1997):74-95.
7. For the conventional narrative, see Lawrence Root, Fringe Benefits: Social Insurance in the Steel Industry (Beverly Hills, CA, 1982), ch. 2; Robert Zieger, American Workers, American Unions, second edition (Baltimore, 1994); Beth Stevens, "Blurring the Boundaries: How the Federal Government Has Influenced Welfare Benefits in the Private Sector," in The Politics of Social Policy, ed. Margaret Weir, Theda Skocpol, and Ann Orloff (Princeton, 1988), 123-48. Labor relations consultants in the 1960s did publish studies of collective bargaining and health insurance as guides for other unions. See, for instance, Raymond Munts, Bargaining for Health: Labor Unions, Health Insurance, and Medical Care (Madison, 1967); and Joseph Garbarino, Health Plans and Collective Bargaining (Berkeley, 1960). More recently, historians have finally begun to probe the actual nature of labor s negotiated health plans: Ivana Krajcinovic, From Company Doctor to Managed Care: The United Mine Workers Noble Experiment (Ithaca, 1997); Rickey Hendricks, "Liberal Default, Labor Support, and Conservative Neutrality: The Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program After World War II," Journal of Policy History 1 (1989):156-80; Joshua B. Freeman, Working-Class New York (New York, 2000), ch. 7; and David Rosner and Gerald Markowitz, "Hospitals, Insurance, and the American Labor Movement," Journal of Policy History 9 (1997):74-95.
8. For the conventional narrative, see Lawrence Root, Fringe Benefits: Social Insurance in the Steel Industry (Beverly Hills, CA, 1982), ch. 2; Robert Zieger, American Workers, American Unions, second edition (Baltimore, 1994); Beth Stevens, "Blurring the Boundaries: How the Federal Government Has Influenced Welfare Benefits in the Private Sector," in The Politics of Social Policy, ed. Margaret Weir, Theda Skocpol, and Ann Orloff (Princeton, 1988), 123-48. Labor relations consultants in the 1960s did publish studies of collective bargaining and health insurance as guides for other unions. See, for instance, Raymond Munts, Bargaining for Health: Labor Unions, Health Insurance, and Medical Care (Madison, 1967); and Joseph Garbarino, Health Plans and Collective Bargaining (Berkeley, 1960). More recently, historians have finally begun to probe the actual nature of labor s negotiated health plans: Ivana Krajcinovic, From Company Doctor to Managed Care: The United Mine Workers Noble Experiment (Ithaca, 1997); Rickey Hendricks, "Liberal Default, Labor Support, and Conservative Neutrality: The Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program After World War II," Journal of Policy History 1 (1989):156-80; Joshua B. Freeman, Working-Class New York (New York, 2000), ch. 7; and David Rosner and Gerald Markowitz, "Hospitals, Insurance, and the American Labor Movement," Journal of Policy History 9 (1997):74-95.
9. For the conventional narrative, see Lawrence Root, Fringe Benefits: Social Insurance in the Steel Industry (Beverly Hills, CA, 1982), ch. 2; Robert Zieger, American Workers, American Unions, second edition (Baltimore, 1994); Beth Stevens, "Blurring the Boundaries: How the Federal Government Has Influenced Welfare Benefits in the Private Sector," in The Politics of Social Policy, ed. Margaret Weir, Theda Skocpol, and Ann Orloff (Princeton, 1988), 123-48. Labor relations consultants in the 1960s did publish studies of collective bargaining and health insurance as guides for other unions. See, for instance, Raymond Munts, Bargaining for Health: Labor Unions, Health Insurance, and Medical Care (Madison, 1967); and Joseph Garbarino, Health Plans and Collective Bargaining (Berkeley, 1960). More recently, historians have finally begun to probe the actual nature of labor s negotiated health plans: Ivana Krajcinovic, From Company Doctor to Managed Care: The United Mine Workers Noble Experiment (Ithaca, 1997); Rickey Hendricks, "Liberal Default, Labor Support, and Conservative Neutrality: The Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program After World War II," Journal of Policy History 1 (1989):156-80; Joshua B. Freeman, Working-Class New York (New York, 2000), ch. 7; and David Rosner and Gerald Markowitz, "Hospitals, Insurance, and the American Labor Movement," Journal of Policy History 9 (1997):74-95.
10. For the conventional narrative, see Lawrence Root, Fringe Benefits: Social Insurance in the Steel Industry (Beverly Hills, CA, 1982), ch. 2; Robert Zieger, American Workers, American Unions, second edition (Baltimore, 1994); Beth Stevens, "Blurring the Boundaries: How the Federal Government Has Influenced Welfare Benefits in the Private Sector," in The Politics of Social Policy, ed. Margaret Weir, Theda Skocpol, and Ann Orloff (Princeton, 1988), 123-48. Labor relations consultants in the 1960s did publish studies of collective bargaining and health insurance as guides for other unions. See, for instance, Raymond Munts, Bargaining for Health: Labor Unions, Health Insurance, and Medical Care (Madison, 1967); and Joseph Garbarino, Health Plans and Collective Bargaining (Berkeley, 1960). More recently, historians have finally begun to probe the actual nature of labor s negotiated health plans: Ivana Krajcinovic, From Company Doctor to Managed Care: The United Mine Workers Noble Experiment (Ithaca, 1997); Rickey Hendricks, "Liberal Default, Labor Support, and Conservative Neutrality: The Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program After World War II," Journal of Policy History 1 (1989):156-80; Joshua B. Freeman, Working-Class New York (New York, 2000), ch. 7; and David Rosner and Gerald Markowitz, "Hospitals, Insurance, and the American Labor Movement," Journal of Policy History 9 (1997):74-95.
11. Annual Report of the Social Security Board (Washington, DC, 1937), foreword.