Extremism and Violence in Israeli Democracy

Terrorism and Political Violence

Volumn 12, Issue 3-4, 2000, Pages 209-236

  Sprinzak, Ehud ^a  

^a HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM   (Israel)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0034558713     PISSN: 09546553     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09546550008427577     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. E. Sprinzak, Brother against Brother: Violence and Extremism in Israeli Politics from Altalena to the Rabin Assassination (New York: The Free Press, 1999) ch.3.
2. Ibid., ch.4.
3. Ibid.
4. See reference to Menachem Begin's approach to violence in Victor T. Le Vine, this volume.
5. Shlomo Nakdimon, Altalena (Jerusalem: Efanim Publishers, 1978; in Hebrew).
6. Kathy Marton, A Death in Jerusalem (New York: Pantheon Books, 1993).
7. Isser Harel, Security and Democracy (Tel Aviv: Edanim Press, 1989; in Hebrew) pp. 179-96.
8. Michael Bar-Zohar, Ben Gurion (Tel Aviv: Am Oved, 1977; in Hebrew) Vol. II, pp.922-3.
9. No one yet has documented and measured the partisan violence exercised in Israel's early elections. But as a young school boy I still remember vividly the physical confrontations in Rehovot, my home town, between members of left-wing and right-wing youth movements. For a discussion of electoral violence see David C. Rapoport and Leonard Weinberg, this volume.
10. Tom Segev, The Seventh Million (Jerusalem: Keter, 1991; in Hebrew) ch.5.
11. Ehud Sprinzak, 'Extreme Politics in Israel', The Jerusalem Quarterly 5 (1977) pp.35-7.
12. Rael Jean Issac, Israel Divided (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1976) chs.3-4; Ehud Sprinzak, The Ascendance of Israel's Radical Right (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991) ch.2.
13. Rael Jean Issac, Israel Divided (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1976) chs.3-4; Ehud Sprinzak, The Ascendance of Israel's Radical Right (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991) ch.2.
14. Ehud Sprinzak, 'Gush Emunim: The Tip of the Iceberg', The Jerusalem Quarterly 21 (Fall 1981).
15. Ehud Sprinzak (note 12) ch.7.
16. Ibid., pp.87-93.
17. Ibid., pp.94-9.
18. Ehud Sprinzak, 'Violence and Catastrophe in the Theology of Rabbi Kahane: The Ideologization of the Mimetic Desire', Terrorism and Political Violence 3/3 (Autumn 1991).
19. Ibid., pp.54-9.
20. Ben Kaspit, Ma'ariv, 4 March 1994.
21. See Rapoport and Weinberg's discussion of the general issue (note 9).
22. Lan Greilshammer, 'The Likud', in Howard R. Penniman and Daniel J. Elazar (eds), Israel at the Polls (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1986) pp.89-91.
23. Ned Temko, To Win Or Die (New York: William Morrow, 1987) pp.257-8.
24. Ibid, p.258.
25. Meron Benvenisti, The West Bank Data Project (Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institution, 1984) pp.57-60.
26. Mordechai Bar-on, Peace Now (Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuchad, 1985; in Hebrew) p.50.
27. Ibid., p.54.
28. Ibid., pp.58-9.
29. Quoted in Bar-On (note 25) pp.62-3.
30. Leon Festinger, 'When Prophecy Fails', in Stanley Schachter and Michael Gazzaniga (eds), Extending Psychologicla Frontiers: Selected Works of Leon Festinger (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1989).
31. David C. Rapoport, 'Messianic Sanctions for Terror', Comparative Politics 20/2 (1988) pp.195-211.
32. Report of the State Investigation Committee in the Matter of the 1994 Massacre in Hebron's Cave of the Patriarchs, p.76.
33. Meir Kahane, Forty Years (Miami: Institute of the Jewish Idea, 1983).
34. Note 31, pp.76-80.
35. Report of the State Investigation Committee in the Matter of the Assassination of Prime Minister, Mr. Yitzhak Rabin (1996) pp.88-9.
36. Rabbi Dov Lior, Rabbi Daniel Shilo and Rabbi Eliezer Melamed, 'What is the Rule about this Bad Government?', in Dana Arieli-Horowitz (ed.), Religion and State in Israel, 1994-1995 (Jerusalem: Center for Jewish Pluralism, 1996; in Hebrew) pp.120-23.
37. This information is included in the undisclosed and confidential part of Amir's investigation. The author was allowed to see the document under the condition that no specific references are made.
38. Ibid.
39. Rapoport and Weinberg (note 9).
40. Adrian Guelke, this volume.
41. Anna Simons, this volume.
42. For a recent discussion of the religious complexity of Israel, as well as the debates, see 'Israel at 50: After Zionism', The Economist (a special supplement), (25 April-1 May).
43. The author conducted interviews with several Gush Emunim rabbis in December 1995 and January 1996.
44. One accusation Kahane's followers made after the Rabin assassination had to do with the 1994 outlawing of Kach (following the Hebron Massacre). The argument was that Igal Amir, who was close to Kach, acted the way he did because of the lack of legitimate avenues of political participation and protest. The party's outlawing was, according to this proposition, highly counterproductive. The issue of outlawing antidemocratic parties is discussed in John Finn's article, this volume. There is, in my opinion, not a shred of evidence to support Kach's interpretation. Amir, who never was a Kahane follower, had all the opportunities to protest and demonstrate against the Oslo accords without Kach, and he did. The legal existence of Kach would have made, in my opinion, no difference whatsoever in the events of 1994-95, and I am not familiar with any systemic damage caused by this particular proscription.