The limits of supply-side social democracy: Australian labor, 1983-96

Politics and Society

Volumn 28, Issue 4, 2000, Pages 557-587

  Phillimore, John ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 0034490161     PISSN: 00323292     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0032329200028004006     Document Type: Article

References (92)

1. Christine Wallace, "...and Keating parts a firing shot," Australian Financial Review 3 (May 1996): 1, 31.
2. From a union perspective, see G. Belchamber, "Down Under against the Tide: Mainstreaming Equity and Creating an Open Australian Economy," in W. Sengenberger and D. Campbell, eds., International Labor Standards and Economic Interdependence (Geneva, Switzerland: International Institute for Labor Studies, 1994), 231-43. Of the many positive references to the distinctive features of Australian industrial relations reform under Labor, see R. Archer, "The Unexpected Emergence of Australian Corporatism," in J. Pekkarinen et al., eds., Social Corporatism (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1992); J. Mathews, "An Australian Model of Industrial Restructuring," in J. Marceau, ed., Reworking the World: Organisations, Technologies and Cultures in Comparative Perspective (Berlin: de Gruyter, 1992); R. Kyloh, "Restructuring at the National Level," in W. Sengenberger and D. Campbell, eds., Creating Economic Opportunities: The Role of Labor Standards in Industrial Restructuring (Geneva, Switzerland: International Institute for Labor Studies, 1994), 344-69; and R. Locke, T. Kochan, and M. Piore, eds., Employment Relations in a Changing World Economy (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1995). The British Labor Party leader, Tony Blair, before he became Prime Minister, visited Australia a number of times and commented favorably on the Australian Labor Government; there were also sympathetic editorials in the U.K. press, notably in The Guardian and New Statesman and Society, following the 1996 election defeat, which emphasized the Labor Government's more socially responsible reform agenda. A number of Clinton administration officials also visited Australia during the Labor years to learn about the government's health and workplace reforms in particular.
3. From a union perspective, see G. Belchamber, "Down Under against the Tide: Mainstreaming Equity and Creating an Open Australian Economy," in W. Sengenberger and D. Campbell, eds., International Labor Standards and Economic Interdependence (Geneva, Switzerland: International Institute for Labor Studies, 1994), 231-43. Of the many positive references to the distinctive features of Australian industrial relations reform under Labor, see R. Archer, "The Unexpected Emergence of Australian Corporatism," in J. Pekkarinen et al., eds., Social Corporatism (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1992); J. Mathews, "An Australian Model of Industrial Restructuring," in J. Marceau, ed., Reworking the World: Organisations, Technologies and Cultures in Comparative Perspective (Berlin: de Gruyter, 1992); R. Kyloh, "Restructuring at the National Level," in W. Sengenberger and D. Campbell, eds., Creating Economic Opportunities: The Role of Labor Standards in Industrial Restructuring (Geneva, Switzerland: International Institute for Labor Studies, 1994), 344-69; and R. Locke, T. Kochan, and M. Piore, eds., Employment Relations in a Changing World Economy (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1995). The British Labor Party leader, Tony Blair, before he became Prime Minister, visited Australia a number of times and commented favorably on the Australian Labor Government; there were also sympathetic editorials in the U.K. press, notably in The Guardian and New Statesman and Society, following the 1996 election defeat, which emphasized the Labor Government's more socially responsible reform agenda. A number of Clinton administration officials also visited Australia during the Labor years to learn about the government's health and workplace reforms in particular.
4. From a union perspective, see G. Belchamber, "Down Under against the Tide: Mainstreaming Equity and Creating an Open Australian Economy," in W. Sengenberger and D. Campbell, eds., International Labor Standards and Economic Interdependence (Geneva, Switzerland: International Institute for Labor Studies, 1994), 231-43. Of the many positive references to the distinctive features of Australian industrial relations reform under Labor, see R. Archer, "The Unexpected Emergence of Australian Corporatism," in J. Pekkarinen et al., eds., Social Corporatism (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1992); J. Mathews, "An Australian Model of Industrial Restructuring," in J. Marceau, ed., Reworking the World: Organisations, Technologies and Cultures in Comparative Perspective (Berlin: de Gruyter, 1992); R. Kyloh, "Restructuring at the National Level," in W. Sengenberger and D. Campbell, eds., Creating Economic Opportunities: The Role of Labor Standards in Industrial Restructuring (Geneva, Switzerland: International Institute for Labor Studies, 1994), 344-69; and R. Locke, T. Kochan, and M. Piore, eds., Employment Relations in a Changing World Economy (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1995). The British Labor Party leader, Tony Blair, before he became Prime Minister, visited Australia a number of times and commented favorably on the Australian Labor Government; there were also sympathetic editorials in the U.K. press, notably in The Guardian and New Statesman and Society, following the 1996 election defeat, which emphasized the Labor Government's more socially responsible reform agenda. A number of Clinton administration officials also visited Australia during the Labor years to learn about the government's health and workplace reforms in particular.
5. From a union perspective, see G. Belchamber, "Down Under against the Tide: Mainstreaming Equity and Creating an Open Australian Economy," in W. Sengenberger and D. Campbell, eds., International Labor Standards and Economic Interdependence (Geneva, Switzerland: International Institute for Labor Studies, 1994), 231-43. Of the many positive references to the distinctive features of Australian industrial relations reform under Labor, see R. Archer, "The Unexpected Emergence of Australian Corporatism," in J. Pekkarinen et al., eds., Social Corporatism (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1992); J. Mathews, "An Australian Model of Industrial Restructuring," in J. Marceau, ed., Reworking the World: Organisations, Technologies and Cultures in Comparative Perspective (Berlin: de Gruyter, 1992); R. Kyloh, "Restructuring at the National Level," in W. Sengenberger and D. Campbell, eds., Creating Economic Opportunities: The Role of Labor Standards in Industrial Restructuring (Geneva, Switzerland: International Institute for Labor Studies, 1994), 344-69; and R. Locke, T. Kochan, and M. Piore, eds., Employment Relations in a Changing World Economy (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1995). The British Labor Party leader, Tony Blair, before he became Prime Minister, visited Australia a number of times and commented favorably on the Australian Labor Government; there were also sympathetic editorials in the U.K. press, notably in The Guardian and New Statesman and Society, following the 1996 election defeat, which emphasized the Labor Government's more socially responsible reform agenda. A number of Clinton administration officials also visited Australia during the Labor years to learn about the government's health and workplace reforms in particular.
6. From a union perspective, see G. Belchamber, "Down Under against the Tide: Mainstreaming Equity and Creating an Open Australian Economy," in W. Sengenberger and D. Campbell, eds., International Labor Standards and Economic Interdependence (Geneva, Switzerland: International Institute for Labor Studies, 1994), 231-43. Of the many positive references to the distinctive features of Australian industrial relations reform under Labor, see R. Archer, "The Unexpected Emergence of Australian Corporatism," in J. Pekkarinen et al., eds., Social Corporatism (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1992); J. Mathews, "An Australian Model of Industrial Restructuring," in J. Marceau, ed., Reworking the World: Organisations, Technologies and Cultures in Comparative Perspective (Berlin: de Gruyter, 1992); R. Kyloh, "Restructuring at the National Level," in W. Sengenberger and D. Campbell, eds., Creating Economic Opportunities: The Role of Labor Standards in Industrial Restructuring (Geneva, Switzerland: International Institute for Labor Studies, 1994), 344-69; and R. Locke, T. Kochan, and M. Piore, eds., Employment Relations in a Changing World Economy (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1995). The British Labor Party leader, Tony Blair, before he became Prime Minister, visited Australia a number of times and commented favorably on the Australian Labor Government; there were also sympathetic editorials in the U.K. press, notably in The Guardian and New Statesman and Society, following the 1996 election defeat, which emphasized the Labor Government's more socially responsible reform agenda. A number of Clinton administration officials also visited Australia during the Labor years to learn about the government's health and workplace reforms in particular.
7. B. Mahnkopf, "The 'Skill-Oriented' Strategies of German Trade Unions: Their Impact on Efficiency and Equality Objectives," British Journal of Industrial Relations 30, no. 1 (March 1992): 61-82; and H. Rainbird, British Trade Unions and the Possibility of a Skill-Oriented Modernisation Strategy in a Low Skill Economy (Berlin: Wissenschaftzentrum, 1991).
8. B. Mahnkopf, "The 'Skill-Oriented' Strategies of German Trade Unions: Their Impact on Efficiency and Equality Objectives," British Journal of Industrial Relations 30, no. 1 (March 1992): 61-82; and H. Rainbird, British Trade Unions and the Possibility of a Skill-Oriented Modernisation Strategy in a Low Skill Economy (Berlin: Wissenschaftzentrum, 1991).
9. W. Streeck, Social Institutions and Economic Performance: Studies of Industrial Relations in Advanced Capitalist Economies (London: Sage Ltd., 1992), vii.
10. W. Streeck, "On the Institutional Conditions of Diversified Quality Production," in E. Matzner and W. Streeck, eds., Beyond Keynesianism: The Socio-Economics of Full Employment (London: Edward Elgar, 1991), 23-24.
11. Ibid., 26.
12. Streeck, Social Institutions, 184.
13. Streeck, "On the Institutional Conditions of Diversified Quality Production," 41.
14. W. Streeck, "Industrial Relations and Industrial Change: The Restructuring of the World Automobile Industry in the 1970s and 1980s," Economic and Industrial Democracy 8, no. 4 (November 1987): 452.
15. W. Streeck, "The Uncertainty of Management in the Management of Uncertainty: Employers, Labor Relations and Industrial Adjustment in the 1980s," Work, Employment and Society 1, no. 3 (September 1987): 293-94.
16. Streeck, "Industrial Relations and Industrial Change," 450.
17. W. Streeck, "Training and the New Industrial Relations," in M. Regini, ed., The Future of Labor Movements (London: Sage Ltd./International Sociological Association, 1992), 264.
18. W. Streeck, "Comment on Ronald Dore, 'Rigidities in the Labor Market,'" Government and Opposition 23, no. 4 (Autumn 1988): 422.
19. Streeck, "Training and the New Industrial Relations," 97.
20. W. Streeck, "Skills and the Limits of Neo-Liberalism: The Enterprise of the Future as a Place of Learning," Work, Employment and Society 3, no. 1 (March 1989): 89-104; Streeck, "Training and the New Industrial Relations."
21. W. Streeck, "Skills and the Limits of Neo-Liberalism: The Enterprise of the Future as a Place of Learning," Work, Employment and Society 3, no. 1 (March 1989): 89-104; Streeck, "Training and the New Industrial Relations."
22. Streeck, "The Uncertainty of Management," 303.
23. Streeck, "Training and the New Industrial Relations," 267.
24. Streeck, Social Institutions, 167.
25. Streeck, "Training and the New Industrial Relations," 254.
26. A. Kleinknecht, "Is Labor Market Flexibility Harmful to Innovation?" Cambridge Journal of Economics 22, no. 3 (May 1998): 387-96.
27. Ibid., 388.
28. Ibid., 393.
29. Ibid., 394.
30. Ibid., 394.
31. Locke, Kochan, and Piore, eds., Employment Relations.
32. Streeck, "Industrial Relations and Industrial Change," 459.
33. D. Soskice, "The Stake We're In," Prospect (April 1996): 39-42.
34. S. Deery, "Trade Unions, Technological Change and Redundancy Protection in Australia," in R. Lansbury and E. Davis, eds., Technology, Work and Industrial Relations (Melbourne: Longman Cheshire, 1984).
35. R. Curtain, Emergence of Workplace Bargaining within a Centralised Wages System: The New Industrial Relations in Australia (Melbourne: Monash University, 1990).
36. Ibid.
37. E. Davis and R. Lansbury, "Worker Participation in Decisions on Technological Change in Australia," in R. Lansbury and G. Bamber, eds., New Technology: International Perspectives on Human Resources and Industrial Relations (London: Unwin Hyman, 1989).
38. R. Curtain, "Skill Formation and the Enterprise," Labor and Industry 1, no. 1 (October 1987): 8-38.
39. J. Buchanan, "Economic Inefficiencies, Enterprise Bargaining and the Need for Multi-Employer Co-ordination in the Labor Market," in EPAC, Issues in Enterprise Bargaining, Background Paper no. 22 (Canberra: AGPS, 1992), 105-21; and A. Daly and R. Gregory, "Who Gets What? Institutions, Human Capital and Black Boxes as Determinants of Relative Wages in Australia and the USA," in ACIRRT and CEPR, National Wages Policy and Workplace Wage Determination - The Critical Issues, ACIRRT Monograph no. 7 (Sydney: University of Sydney, 1992).
40. J. Buchanan, "Economic Inefficiencies, Enterprise Bargaining and the Need for Multi-Employer Co-ordination in the Labor Market," in EPAC, Issues in Enterprise Bargaining, Background Paper no. 22 (Canberra: AGPS, 1992), 105-21; and A. Daly and R. Gregory, "Who Gets What? Institutions, Human Capital and Black Boxes as Determinants of Relative Wages in Australia and the USA," in ACIRRT and CEPR, National Wages Policy and Workplace Wage Determination - The Critical Issues, ACIRRT Monograph no. 7 (Sydney: University of Sydney, 1992).
41. Daly and Gregory, "Who Gets What?"
42. ALP (Australian Labor Party) and ACTU (Australian Council of Trade Unions), Towards 2000: People and Progress - Decisions, D153/1993 (Sydney: ACTU Congress, 1983).
43. The original Accord was renegotiated several times; at the time of 1996 election, the ACTU and ALP had just agreed on Accord mark VIII, although of course it was not implemented, following the government's defeat.
44. B. Galligan and G. Singleton, eds., Business and Government under Labor (Melbourne: Longman Cheshire, 1991).
45. T. Matthews, "Employers' Associations, Corporatism and the Accord: The Politics of Industrial Relations," in S. Bell and B. Head, eds., State, Economy and Public Policy in Australia (Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1994), 194-224.
46. Curtain, Emergence of Workplace Bargaining, 4.
47. P. Berry and G. Kitchener, Can Unions Survive? (Canberra: Industrial Printing and Publicity, 1989).
48. ACTU and TDC (Trade Development Council), Australia Reconstructed (Canberra: AGPS, 1987).
49. Berry and Kitchener, Can Unions Survive?
50. See for example, Ewer et al., 1991, 150-51. The authors come from the metal workers' union.
51. Deery, "Trade Unions, Technological Change and Redundancy Protection in Australia."
52. Department of Industrial Relations, Industrial Democracy in the Australian Public Service: Report to the Prime Minister (Canberra: AGPS, 1991).
53. Department of Employment and Industrial Relations, Industrial Democracy and Employee Participation: A Policy Discussion Paper (Canberra: AGPS, 1986).
54. Davis and Lansbury, "Worker Participation in Decisions on Technological Change in Australia."
55. M. Collins, The Impact of New Office Technology on Clerical Workers in Queensland (Canberra: AGPS, 1988); S. Deery, "Determinants of Trade Union Influence over Technological Change," New Technology, Work and Employment 4, no. 2 (Autumn 1989): 117-30; and S. J. Frenkel, "The Incidence and Control of Technical Change in the Australian Printing Industry," Economic and Industrial Democracy 11, no. 1 (February 1990): 39-64.
56. M. Collins, The Impact of New Office Technology on Clerical Workers in Queensland (Canberra: AGPS, 1988); S. Deery, "Determinants of Trade Union Influence over Technological Change," New Technology, Work and Employment 4, no. 2 (Autumn 1989): 117-30; and S. J. Frenkel, "The Incidence and Control of Technical Change in the Australian Printing Industry," Economic and Industrial Democracy 11, no. 1 (February 1990): 39-64.
57. M. Collins, The Impact of New Office Technology on Clerical Workers in Queensland (Canberra: AGPS, 1988); S. Deery, "Determinants of Trade Union Influence over Technological Change," New Technology, Work and Employment 4, no. 2 (Autumn 1989): 117-30; and S. J. Frenkel, "The Incidence and Control of Technical Change in the Australian Printing Industry," Economic and Industrial Democracy 11, no. 1 (February 1990): 39-64.
58. R. Callus, A. Morehead, M. Cully, and J. Buchanan, Industrial Relations at Work: The Australian Workplace Industrial Relations Survey (Canberra: DIR/AGPS, 1991)
59. and A. Morehead et al., Changes at Work: The 1995 Australian Workplace Industrial Relations Survey (Melbourne: Longman Cheshire, 1997).
60. Deery, "Determinants of Trade Union Influence over Technological Change."
61. Australian Bureau of Statistics, catalogue no. 8123.0, Manufacturing Statistics 1991 (Canberra: ABS, 1991).
62. Morehead et al., Changes at Work, 189-94.
63. Committee on Employment Opportunities, Restoring Full Employment: A Discussion Paper (Canberra: AGPS, 1993), 38.
64. Australian Centre for Industrial Relations Research and Teaching, Agreements Database and Monitor, no. 3 (Sydney: University of Sydney, July 1994), 16.
65. Australian Financial Review (16 May 1994).
66. M. Ogden, A Review and Conclusions Regarding Workplace Change, Report to ACTU Conference (Canberra: AGPS, September 1991), 4. Before joining the ACTU in 1989, Ogden had been an industrial democracy officer with the metal workers' union where he was instrumental in the development of that union's policies on technical change, work organization, and training. He was a member of the union delegation that visited Western Europe in 1986 and wrote Australia Reconstructed, the blueprint for supply-side reform.
67. ACTU, Industry and Trade Development Policy, D216/89 (Melbourne: ACTU, 1989), 2.
68. R. Green, "Wages Policy and Wage Determination in 1993," Journal of Industrial Relations 36, no. 1 (March 1994): 99-116.
69. Ibid., 157.
70. Morehead et al., Changes at Work, 329-30.
71. B. Ellem, "The Australian Workplace Industrial Relations Survey and Trade Unionism," Journal of Industrial Relations 33, no. 4 (December 1991): 532-46; and R. Green, "Change and Involvement at the Workplace: Evidence from the Australian Workplace Industrial Relations Survey," The Economic and Labor Relations Review 2 no 1 (June 1991): 72-88.
72. B. Ellem, "The Australian Workplace Industrial Relations Survey and Trade Unionism," Journal of Industrial Relations 33, no. 4 (December 1991): 532-46; and R. Green, "Change and Involvement at the Workplace: Evidence from the Australian Workplace Industrial Relations Survey," The Economic and Labor Relations Review 2 no 1 (June 1991): 72-88.
73. D. Kelly, "Trade Unionism in 1993," Journal of Industrial Relations 36, no. 1 (March 1994): 143-44.
74. Australian Centre for Industrial Relations Research and Teaching, Australia at Work: Just Managing? (Sydney: Prentice Hall, 1999), 79.
75. R. Lambert, "State of the Union: An Assessment of Union Strategies," The Economic and Labor Relations Review 2, no. 2 (December 1991): 1-24.
76. Australian Bureau of Statistics, catalogue no. 6325.0, Trade Union Members (Canberra: AGPS).
77. Morehead et al., Changes at Work, 140.
78. J. Howard, "Industrial Relations in Australia . . . A Liberal View," Current Affairs Bulletin 68, no. 1 (January-February 1991): 12-16.
79. See, for example, the recent report of the ACTU Overseas Delegation, Unions@Work: The Challenge for Unions in Creating a Just and Fair Society, (Melbourne: ACTU, August 1999).
80. Callus et al., Industrial Relations at Work, 271.
81. Morehead et al., Changes at Work, 140.
82. Callus et al., Industrial Relations at Work, 151; and Morehead et al., Changes at Work, 329.
83. Callus et al., Industrial Relations at Work, 151; and Morehead et al., Changes at Work, 329.
84. Morehead et al., Changes at Work, 329-30.
85. Australian Centre for Industrial Relations Research and Teaching, Australia at Work, 42.
86. B. Frankel, "Picking Up the Pieces: The ACTU in the 1990s," Arena Magazine, October-November 1993, 5.
87. Mahnkopf, "The 'Skill-Oriented' Strategies of German Trade Unions," 79-80.
88. For a similar view in the U.S. context, see A. Kessler-Harris and B. Silverman, "Beyond Industrial Unionism: Into Politics, Into the Communities," Dissent Winter 1992 61-66.
89. As noted already, the Coalition Government does not have a majority in the Senate, and has had its second and third wave of industrial relations legislation rejected by Labor and some minor parties.
90. D. Soskice, "The Stake We're In."
91. Many of these programs have since been downgraded by the new conservative government (for example, the 150 percent tax deduction for R & D was reduced to 125 percent; the result has been that business R & D expenditure dropped in 1996-97 for the first time in more than a decade).
92. B. Gregory and P. Sheehan, "Unemployment Trends in Australia and the US: The Natural Rate, Wage Flexibility and Path Dependence," in P. Sheehan and G. Tegart, eds., Working for the Future: Technology and Employment in the Global Knowledge Economy (Melbourne: Victoria University Press, 1998).