Quaternary ammonium compound in gynecologic and obstetrical practice;I Sali Quaternari di ammonio in ginecologia ed ostetricia

Minerva Ginecologica

Volumn 52, Issue 11, 2000, Pages 471-484

  Battaglia, F ^a   Scambia, G ^b   Distefano, M ^b   Ronca, S ^b   Plotti, F ^b   Plotti, G ^b   Mancuso, S ^b  

^a CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY   (Italy)

^b NONE

Author keywords

Ammonium compounds; Anti infective agents; Bacterial vaginosis; Vaginitis

Indexed keywords

BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE; DIDECYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE; QUATERNARY AMMONIUM DERIVATIVE; SURFACTANT;

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; ARTICLE; CELL MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY; DRUG ACTIVITY; DRUG COST; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG SAFETY; FEMALE; GASTROINTESTINAL TOXICITY; GLYCOLYSIS; GYNECOLOGIC INFECTION; HUMAN; MUCOSA INFLAMMATION; NONHUMAN; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; PROTEIN DENATURATION; VAGINITIS;

ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS, LOCAL; BENZALKONIUM COMPOUNDS; FEMALE; HUMANS; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS, INFECTIOUS; PUERPERAL DISORDERS; QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS; RECURRENCE; VAGINOSIS, BACTERIAL;

EID: 0034470063     PISSN: 00264784     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Jacobs WA, Heidelberger M. The quaternary salts of hexamethylenetetramine. I. Substituted benzyl halides and the hexamethylenetetrammonium salts derived there from. J Biol Chem 1915;20:659-83.
2. Jacobs WA, Heidelberger M, Bull CG. The bactericidal properties of the quaternary salts of hexamethylenetetramine III. The relation between constitution and bactericidal action in the quaternary salts obtained from halogen acetyl compounds. J Exp Med 1916;23:577-99.
3. Domagk G. Eine neue Klasse von Desinfektionsmitteln. Dtsch Med Wochenschar 1935;61:829-32.
4. Shelanski HA. Toxicity of quaternaries. Soap Sanit Chem 1949;25(2):125-9, 153.
5. Finnegan, Dienna. Toxicity of quaternaries. Soap Sanit Chem 1954;30(2):147-53, 157, 173, 175.
6. Federal register (1969). Part-121-Food additives; Subpart F-Food additives resulting from contact with containers or equipment and food additives otherwise affecting food. 11/26/1969; Fed Reg 34/117, 18556. 122/13/1969; Fed Reg 34/239; 19655, 8/9 1974; Fed. Reg. 39/155; 28627.
7. Gleason MN. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1969.
8. Ausners J. Ototoxic effects of quaternary ammonium compounds. Acta Otolaryngol 1982;93:121-33.
9. Heuck HJ, Adema DMM, Weigmann JR. Bacteriostatic, fungistatic, and algistatic activity of fatty nitrogen compounds. Appl Mirobiol 1966;14(3):308-19.
10. Schneider G. Untersuchungen über das desinfektionsmittel zephirhohl. Z Immunitaetsforsch 1935;85: 194-9.
11. Lawrence CA. Surface active Quaternary ammonium germicides. New York: Academic Press, 1950.
12. Petrocci AN, Green HA, Merianos JJ. Like B. The properties of dialkildimetyl quaternary ammonium compounds. CSMA Proceedings of the 60th Mid Year Meeting 1974:87-9.
13. Klein M, Deforest A. Antiviral action of germicides. Soap Sanit 1963;39:70.
14. Quisno R, Foter MJ. Cetyl pyridinium chloride. J Bacteriol 1946;52:111-7.
15. Gershenfeld L, Perlstein D. Significance of hydrogen ion concentration in the evaluation of the bactericidal efficiency of surface tension depressant. Am J Pharm 1941;113:306-26.
16. Ordal EJ, Borg AF. Effect of surface active agents on oxidations of lactate by bacteria Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1942;50:332-6.
17. Stickland LM. The Pasteur effect in normal yeast and its inhibition by various agents. Biochem J 1956;64:503.
18. Bihiler I, Rothstein A, Bihiler L. The mechanism of stimulation of aerobic fermentation in yeast by a quaternary ammonium compound detergent. Biochem Pharmacol 1961;8:289.
19. Kuhn R, Jerchel D, Westphal O. Über Invertseifen. III Dialkyl-methyl-benzyl-ammonium Iodide. Ber Dtsch Chem Ges 1940;73:1095-100.
20. Putnan FW. The interaction of protein and synthetic detergents. Adv Protein Chem 1948;4:79.
21. Amstrong W McD. Surface active agents and cellular metabolism. I. The effects of cationic detergents on the production of acid and of carbon dioxide by bakers yeast. Arch Biochem 1957;71:137.
22. Scharff TG, with technical assistance of Maupin WC. Correlation of the metabolic effects of benzalkonium chloride with its membrane effects in yeast. Biochem. Pharmacol 1960;5:79.
23. Baker Z, Harrison RW, Miller BF. Action of synthetic detergents on the metabolism of bacteria. J Exp Med 1941;73:249-71.
24. Catalanotti P, Rossano, F, De Paolis P, Baroni, A, Buttini G, Tufano A. Effects of cetyltrimethylammonium naproxenate on the adherence of Gardnerella Vaginalis, Mobiluncus curtisii and Lactobacillus acidophilus to vaginal epithelial cells. Sexually Transmitted Dis 1994;21:228-44.
25. Hillier SL, Krohn MA, Nugent RP, Gibbs RS. Characteristics of three vaginal flora patterns assessed by Gram stain among pregnant women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992;166:938-44.
26. Wallenburg HCS, Wladmiroff JW. Recurrence of vulvovaginal candidosis during pregnancy: comparison of miconazole vs nystatin treatment. Obstet Gynecol 1976;48:491-4.
27. Odds FC. Candida and candidosis. Baltimore: University Park Press, 1976.
28. Mastrantonio P, Conforti S, Annona S, Pirozzi D, De Simone A. Vaginal candidosis and its therapy in pregnancy. The cervix and lower Female Genital Tract 1986;4:75-84.
29. Hurley R, De Louvos J. Candida vaginitis. Postgrad Med J 1976;55:645-8.
30. Lidbeck A, Nord CE. Lactobacilli and the normal human anaerobic microflora. Clin Infect Dis 1993;16(Suppl 4):s181-7.
31. Silva M, Jacobus NV, Deneki C, Gorbach SL. Antimicrobial substance from a human lactobacillus strain. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1987;31:1231-3.
32. Mardh PA, Holst E, Moeller BR. The grivel monkey as a model for study of vaginitis. Challenge with anaerobic curved rods and Gardnerella vaginalis. Scand J Urol Nephrol 1984;86(Suppl):201-6.
33. 2-generating lactobacilli. J Infect Dis 1991;164: 94-100.
34. Eschenbach DA, Davick PR, Williams BL, Klebanoff SJ, Young-Smith R, Critchlow CM et al. Prevalence of hydrogen peroxide-producing Lactobacillus species in normal women and women with bacterial vaginosis. J Clin Microbiol 1989;27:251-6.
35. 2 producing lactobacilli and bacterial vaginosis in pregnant women. Clinical Infectious Disease 1993;16(Suppl 4):s273-81.
36. Sobel JD, Candidal vulvovaginitis. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1993;36:153-65.
37. Cook RL, Lopez RV, Schmitt C, Meriwether C, Sobel JD. Clinical, microbiological, and biochemical factors in recurrent bacterial vaginosis. J Clin Microbiol 1992;30:870-7.
38. Amsel R, Totten PA, Spiegel CA, Chen KCS, Eschenbach D, Holmes KK. Nonspecific vaginitis diagnostic criteria and microbial and epidemiological associations. Am J Med 1983;74:14-22.
39. Thomason JL, Gelbart SM, Anderson RJ, Walt AK, Osypowski PJ, Broekhuizen FF. Statistical evaluation of diagnostic criteria for bacterial vaginosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990;162:155-60.
40. Eschenbach DA, Hillier S, Critchlow C, Stevens C, Derouen T, Holmes KK. Diagnosis and clinical manifestations of bacterial vaginosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1988;158:819-28.
41. Gravett MG, Hummel D, Eschenbach DA, Holmes KK. Preterm labor associated with subclinical amniotic fluid infection and with bacterial vaginosis. Obstet Gynecol 1986;67:229-37.
42. Gravett MG, Nelson HP, Derouen T, Critchlow C, Eschenbach DA, Holmes KK. Independent associations of bacterial vaginosis and Chlamydia trachomatis infection with adverse pregnancy outcome. J Am Med Assoc 1990;256:1899-903.
43. Martius J, Eschenbach DA. The role of bacterial vaginosis as a cause of amniotic fluid infection, chorioamnionitis and prematurity - a review. Arch Gynecol Obstet 1990;247:1-13.
44. Thomason JL, Schreckenberger PC, Lebeau LJ, Wilcoski LM, Spellacy WN. A selective and differential agar for anaerobic comma-shaped bacteria recovered from patients having motile rods and non-specific vaginosis. Scand J Urol Nephrol 1984;86(Suppl):125-8.
45. Blackwell A, Barlow D. Clinical diagnosis of anaerobic vaginosis (non-specific vaginitis). Br J Vener Dis 1982;58:387-93.
46. Paavonen J, Miettinen A, Stevens CE, Chen KCS, Hol-mes KK. Mycoplasma hominis in nonspecific vaginitis. Sex Transm Dis 1983;10(Suppl):271-5.
47. Pheifer TA, Forsyth PS, Durfee MA, Pollock HM, Holmes KK. Nonspecific vaginitis: role of Haemophilus vaginalis and treatment with metronidazole. N Engl J Med 1978;298:1429-34.
48. Piot P, Van Dyck E, Godts P, Vandereye J. The vaginal microbial flora in nonspecific vaginiris. Eur J Clin Microbiol 1982;1:301-6.
49. Spiegel CA, Amsel R, Eschenbach D, Schoenknecht F, Holmes KK. Anaerobic bacteria in nonspecific vaginitis. N Engl J Med 1980;303:601-7.
50. Taylor A, Owens RS. Morphological and chemical characteristics of anaerobic curved rod-shaped bacteria from the female genital tract. Scand J Urol Nephrol 1984;86(Suppl):97-106.
51. Tabaqchali S, Wilks M, Thin RN. Gardnerella vaginalis and anaerobic bacteria in genital disease. Br J Vener Dis 1983;59:111-5.
52. Fredericsson B, Hagstrom B, Evaldson G, Nord C-E. Gardnerella-associated vaginitis and anaerobic bacteria. Gynecol Obstet Invest 1984;17:236-41.
53. Lossik JG. Treatment of sexually transmitted vaginitis/vaginosis. Rev Infect Dis 1990;12(Suppl 6):S665-S681.
54. Eschenbach DA, Hillier S, Critchlow C, Stevens C, Derousen T, Holmes K. Diagnosis and clinical manifestations of bacterial vaginosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1988;58:819-28.
55. Scandinavian Society of Vaginal Bacteriosis (SSVB) report of the first meeting of the Scandinavian Society of Vaginal Bacteriosis, Gothemburg, Sweden, 4 February 1995 Acta Obst Gynecol Scand 1996;75:194-7.
56. Mc Donald HM, Jolley P. Vaginal infection and preterm labor. Br J Obstet Gynecol 1991;98:427-35.
57. Mc Gregor JA, French JI, Jones W, Parker R, Patterson E, Draper D. Association of cervical vaginal infection with increased vaginal fluid of phospholipase A activity. AmJ Obstet Gynecol 1992;167:1588.
58. Platz-Christensen J, Larsson P, Sundstrom E, Bondeson L. Detection of bacterial vaginosis in Papanicolau smears. Am. J. Obstet Gynecol 1989;160:132-3.
59. Sjoberg I, Hakansson S. Endotoxin in vaginal fluid of women with bacterial vaginosis. Obstet Gynecol 1991;77:265-6.
60. Ahmed-Jushuf IH, Shahmanesh M, Arya OP. The treatment of bacterial vaginosis with a 3 day course of 2% clindamicyn cream: results of a multicentre, double blind, placebo controlled trial. Genitourin Med 1995;71:254-6.
61. Hillier S, Krohn MA, Watts H, Wolner-Hanssen P, Eschenbach D. Microbiological efficacy of intravaginal clindamycin cream for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. Obstet Gynecol 1990;76:407-13.
62. Schimitt C, Sobel JD, Meriwether C, Bacterial vaginosis: treatment with clindamycin cream versus oral metronidazole. Obstet Gynecol 1992;79:1020-3.
63. Battaglia F, Scambia G, Benedetti Panici P, De Vincenzo R, Lopez R, Distefano M et al. Le vaginosi batteriche. Gynecoaogoi News 1996;(6)7:1-15.
64. Battaglia F, Scambia G, De Vincenzo R, Lopez R, Distefano M, Masciullo V et al. La terapia delle vaginosi batteriche:studio clinico prospettico sull'efficacia e tollerabilità dei sali quaternari di ammonio versus clindamicina. Minerva Ginecol 1998;50:109-19.
65. De Cecco, Plotti G, Carta G. Il naproxenato di cetiltrimetilammonio:topico vaginale. Profilo farmacologico e clinico. Doctor Ginec 1993;(Suppl):4-8.
66. Plotti G, Gozzi G, Giulianelli G, Il naproxenato di cetilrimetilammonio nelle vulvovaginiti aspecifiche. Studio Clinico in doppio cieco verso placebo. Agg Med Chir 1993;11:241-53.
67. Guerra B, Bianchi S, Falco P, Milano V, Calvi S, Bovicelli L. Studio sull'efficacia del didecil-dimetil- ammonio cloruro nella terapia delle vaginiti aspecifiche. Atti della Società Italiana di Ginecologia e Ostetricia 1997:266-72.
68. Margariti PA, Spreca G, Spagnolo R, Lafuenti GA, Scambia G, De Vincenzo RP et al. Trattamento delle vaginosi batteriche in gravidanza con sali quaternari di ammonio. Atti della Società Italiana di Ginecologia e Ostetricia 1999:890-2.
69. Plotti G, Battaglia F, Plotti F, Bechini F, Cozza B, Ronca S. Uso del naprossenato di cetiltrimetilammonio topico nella vaginosi in gravidanza. Atti della Società Italiana di Ginecologia e Ostetricia Napoli 2000: 776-9.