Sensitivity of Tropical Pacific Sea surface temperature to atmospheric forcing in an isopycnic coordinate ocean model

Global Atmosphere and Ocean System

Volumn 7, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 229-247

  Xie, Lian ^a   Morrison, John ^a   Liu, Xiaoming ^a  

^a NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Air sea interaction; El Nino; Flux parameterization; Isopycnic coordinate; Ocean circulation model; Sea surface temperature

Indexed keywords

AIR-SEA INTERACTION; ATMOSPHERIC FORCING; OCEANIC GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; TROPICAL REGION;

PACIFIC OCEAN;

EID: 0034448984     PISSN: 10236732     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Barnett, T. P., Latif, M., Kirk, E. and Roeckner, E. (1991) On ENSO physics. J. Clim., 4, 484-515.
2. Bleck, R. and Chassignet, E. P. (1994) Simulating the oceanic circulation with isopycnic coordinate models. In: The Oceans: Physical-Chemical Dynamics and Human Impact, pp. 17-39.
3. Bleck, R., Hanson, H. P., Hu, D. and Kraus, E. B. (1989) Mixed layer-thermocline interaction in a three-dimensional isopycnic coordinate model. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 19, 1417-1439.
4. Blumenthal, M. B. and Cane, M. A. (1980) Accounting for parameter uncertainties in model verification: An illustration with tropical sea surface temperature. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 10, 1929-1951.
5. Bradley, E. F., Coppin, P. A. and Godfrey, J. S. (1991) Measurements of sensible and latent heat flux in the western equatorial Pacific ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 3375.
6. Brydon, D., Bleck, R. and Dean, S. (1997) Miami Isopycnic Coordinate Ocean Model (MICOM) User's Manual [WWW http://www.acl.lanl.gov/CHAMMP/micom.html].
7. Chen, D., Busalacchi, A. J. and Rothstein, L. M. (1994) The roles of vertical mixing, solar radiation, and wind stress in a model simulation of sea surface temperature seasonal cycle in the tropical Pacific ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 20345-20359.
8. Gaspar, P. (1988) Modeling the seasonal cycle of the upper ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 18, 161-180.
9. Gordon, A. L. (1988) The southern ocean and global climate. Oceanus, 31(2), 39-46.
10. Gordon, C. and Corry, R. A. (1991) A model simulation of the seasonal cycle in the tropical Pacific ocean using climatological and modeled surface forcing. J. Geophys. Res., pp. 847-864.
11. Halpern, D. (1988) On the accuracy of monthly mean wind speeds over the equatorial Pacific. J. Atmos. Oceanic Techol., 5, 362-367.
12. Harrison, D. E., Kessler, W. S. and Giese, B. S. (1989) Ocean circulation model hindcasts of the 1982-1983 El Nino: Thermal variability along ship-of-opportunity tracks, J. Phys. Oceanogr., pp. 19397-194418.
13. Harrison, D. E., Cardone, V., O'Brien, J. J., Reynolds, D., Sadler, J. and Wylie, D. (1984) Report of the ad hoc committee on the surface wind and wind stress field. University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, USTOGA 2, 49 pp.
14. Hu, D. and Chao, Y. (1999) A Global Isopycnal OGCM: Validations Using Observed Upperocean Variabilities during 1992-93. Monthly Weather Review, 127(5), 706-725.
15. Kalnay, E. and Co-authors (1996) The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project. Bulletin of the American Meteorol. Soc., 77, 437-471.
16. Kirtman, B. P. and Schneider, E. K. (1996) Model-based estimates of equatorial Pacific wind stress. J. Clim., 9, 1077-1091.
17. Kitamura, Y. (1990) Simulation of the annual and interannual variation of the tropical Pacific Ocean. J. Mar. Syst., 1, 169-181.
18. Kondo, J. (1975) Air-sea bulk transfer coefficients in diabetic conditions. Bound-Layer Metero., 9, 91-112.
19. Kraus, E. B. and Businger, J. A. (1994) Atmosphere-ocean interaction. Oxford University Press, New York, 362 pp.
20. Kraus, E. B. and Turner, J. S. (1967) A one-dimensional model of the sea-sonal thermocline: II. The general theory and its consequences. Tellus, 19, 98-106.
21. Large, W. G. and Pond, S. (1981) Open ocean momentum fluxes in moderate to strong winds. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 11, 324-336.
22. Latif, M. (1987) Tropical ocean circulation experiments. J. Phys. Oceangr., 17, 246-263.
23. Levitus, S., Climatological atlas of the world ocean. NOAA professional paper, Updated 1994.
24. Liu, W. T., Katsaros, K. B. and Businger, J. A. (1979) Bulk parameterization of air-sea exchanges of heat and water vapor including the molecular constraints at the interface. J. Atm. Sci., 36, 1722-1735.
25. Mestas-Nunez, A. M., Chelton, D. B., Freilich, M. H. and Richman, J. G. (1994) An evaluation of ECMWF-Based climatological wind stress fields. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 1532-1549.
26. Miller, M., Beljaais, A. C. M. and Palmer, T. N. (1992) The sensitivity of the ECMWF model to the parameterization of evaporation from the tropical oceans. J. Clim., 5, 418-434.
27. Philander, S. G. H. (1990) El Nino, La Nina, and The Southern Oscillation. Academic Press, Inc.
28. Philander, S. G. H. and Seigel, A. D. (1985) Simulation of El Nino of 1982-1983. In: Coupled Ocean-atmosphere Models [Nihoul, J. C. J. Edited], Elsevier Oceanography Series, 40, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 517-541.
29. Rosati, A. and Miyakoda, K. (1988) A general circulation model for upper ocean simulation. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 18, 1601-1626.
30. Smolarkiewicz, P. K. and Clark, T. L. (1986) The multidimensional positive definite advection transport algorithm: Further development and applications. J. Comput. Phys., 67, 396-438.
31. Sun, S. (1997) Compressibility effect in the Miami Isopycnic Coordinate Ocean Model. Ph.D Dissertation, University of Miami.
32. Webster, P. J. and Lukas, R. (1992) TOGA COARE: The Coupled Ocean-atmosphere Response Experiment. Bull. Am. Meter. Soc., 73, 1377-1416.
33. Woodruff, S. D., Lubker, S. J., Wolter, K., Worley, S. J. and Elms, J. D. (1993) Comprehensive Ocean-atmosphere Data Set (COADS) Release 1a: 1980-92. Earth System Monitor, 4(1), 1-8.
34. Zalesak, S. (1979) Fully multidimensional flux-corrected transport algorithms for fluids. J. Comput. Phys., 31, 335-362.