Locating identity: Performativity, foreign policy and state action

Review of International Studies

Volumn 26, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 429-444

  Laffey, Mark ^a  

^a NONE

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 0034408776     PISSN: 02602105     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0260210500004290     Document Type: Article

References (144)

1. This literature is sometimes less precisely dubbed postmodern; e.g., Jim George, Discourses of Global Politics: A Critical (Re)Introduction to International Relations (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1994), ch. 8; cf. David Campbell, Writing Security: United States Foreign Policy and the Politics of Identity, revised edn. (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1998), p. 276, n.23. For the broader context, see François Dosse, History of Structuralism, 2 vols. (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1997).
2. This literature is sometimes less precisely dubbed postmodern; e.g., Jim George, Discourses of Global Politics: A Critical (Re)Introduction to International Relations (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1994), ch. 8; cf. David Campbell, Writing Security: United States Foreign Policy and the Politics of Identity, revised edn. (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1998), p. 276, n.23. For the broader context, see François Dosse, History of Structuralism, 2 vols. (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1997).
3. This literature is sometimes less precisely dubbed postmodern; e.g., Jim George, Discourses of Global Politics: A Critical (Re)Introduction to International Relations (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1994), ch. 8; cf. David Campbell, Writing Security: United States Foreign Policy and the Politics of Identity, revised edn. (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1998), p. 276, n.23. For the broader context, see François Dosse, History of Structuralism, 2 vols. (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1997).
4. Campbell, Writing Security: United States Foreign Policy and the Politics of Identity (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1992), p. 4.
5. For example, Cynthia Weber, 'Performative States,' Millennium, 27 (1998), pp. 83-90.
6. Campbell, Writing Security, pp. 4-5; George, Discourses of Global Politics, pp. 24, 216.
7. Campbell, Writing Security, pp. 4-5; George, Discourses of Global Politics, pp. 24, 216.
8. Gregor McLennan, 'Post-Marxism and the "Four Sins" of Modernist Theorizing', New Left Review, 218 (1996), p. 51.
9. Gearoid O Tuathail, 'Review Essay: Dissident IR and the Identity Politics Narrative', Political Geography Quarterly, 15 (1996), p. 647; Campbell, Writing Security, revised edn., pp. 216, n. 36; 224. See also Weber, 'Performative States', p. 90.
10. Gearoid O Tuathail, 'Review Essay: Dissident IR and the Identity Politics Narrative', Political Geography Quarterly, 15 (1996), p. 647; Campbell, Writing Security, revised edn., pp. 216, n. 36; 224. See also Weber, 'Performative States', p. 90.
11. Gearoid O Tuathail, 'Review Essay: Dissident IR and the Identity Politics Narrative', Political Geography Quarterly, 15 (1996), p. 647; Campbell, Writing Security, revised edn., pp. 216, n. 36; 224. See also Weber, 'Performative States', p. 90.
12. See Ó Tuathail, 'Review Essay: Dissident IR and the Identity Politics Narrative', and 'The Patterned Mess of History and the Writing of Critical Geopolitics: A Reply to Dalby', Political Geography Quarterly, 15 (1996), pp. 661-5.
13. Rosemary Hennessy, Materialist Feminism and the Politics of Discourse (New York and London: Routledge, 1993), p. 15. On historical materialism, see Frederic Jameson, 'Actually Existing Marxism', in Saree Makdisi, Cesare Casarino, and Rebecca E. Karl (eds.), Marxism Beyond Marxism (New York: Routledge, 1996).
14. Rosemary Hennessy, Materialist Feminism and the Politics of Discourse (New York and London: Routledge, 1993), p. 15. On historical materialism, see Frederic Jameson, 'Actually Existing Marxism', in Saree Makdisi, Cesare Casarino, and Rebecca E. Karl (eds.), Marxism Beyond Marxism (New York: Routledge, 1996).
15. Rosemary Hennessy, 'Queer Theory, Left Politics', in Makdisi, Casarino, and Karl (eds.), Marxism Beyond Marxism, p. 219. This is clear in non-European contexts; see Dipcsh Chakrabarty, 'Marx After Marxism: History, Subalternity, and Difference', in Marxism Beyond Marxism.
16. Rosemary Hennessy, 'Queer Theory, Left Politics', in Makdisi, Casarino, and Karl (eds.), Marxism Beyond Marxism, p. 219. This is clear in non-European contexts; see Dipcsh Chakrabarty, 'Marx After Marxism: History, Subalternity, and Difference', in Marxism Beyond Marxism.
17. Campbell, Writing Security, revised edn., p. x and 'Epilogue'; cf. Richard Devetak, 'Incomplete States: Theories and Practices of Statecraft', in John MacMillan and Andrew Linklater (eds.), Boundaries in Question: New Directions in International Relations (London: Pinter, 1995).
18. Campbell, Writing Security, revised edn., p. x and 'Epilogue'; cf. Richard Devetak, 'Incomplete States: Theories and Practices of Statecraft', in John MacMillan and Andrew Linklater (eds.), Boundaries in Question: New Directions in International Relations (London: Pinter, 1995).
19. Richard Ashley, 'Foreign Policy as a Political Performance', International Studies Notes, 13 (1987), pp. 51-4.
20. Campbell, Writing Security, p. 75.
21. For example, Campbell, Writing Security, revised edn., pp. 222-5; cf. Judith Butler, Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity (New York: Routledge, 1990); Bodies That Matter: On the Discursive Limits of 'Sex' (New York: Routledge, 1993); Excitable Speech: A Politics of the Performative (New York: Routledge, 1997).
22. For example, Campbell, Writing Security, revised edn., pp. 222-5; cf. Judith Butler, Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity (New York: Routledge, 1990); Bodies That Matter: On the Discursive Limits of 'Sex' (New York: Routledge, 1993); Excitable Speech: A Politics of the Performative (New York: Routledge, 1997).
23. For example, Campbell, Writing Security, revised edn., pp. 222-5; cf. Judith Butler, Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity (New York: Routledge, 1990); Bodies That Matter: On the Discursive Limits of 'Sex' (New York: Routledge, 1993); Excitable Speech: A Politics of the Performative (New York: Routledge, 1997).
24. For example, Campbell, Writing Security, revised edn., pp. 222-5; cf. Judith Butler, Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity (New York: Routledge, 1990); Bodies That Matter: On the Discursive Limits of 'Sex' (New York: Routledge, 1993); Excitable Speech: A Politics of the Performative (New York: Routledge, 1997).
25. Peter Osborne (ed.), A Critical Sense: Interviews with Intellectuals (London: Routledge, 1996), p. 110.
26. Judith Butler, 'For a Careful Reading', in Seyla Benhabib, Judith Butler, Drucilla Cornell, and Nancy Fraser, Feminist Contentions: A Philosophical Exchange (New York: Routledge, 1995), p. 134.
27. Butler, quoted in Osborne, A Critical Sense, p. 112.
28. Kathi Weeks, 'Subject for a Feminist Standpoint', in Makdisi, Casarino, and Karl (eds.), Marxism Beyond Marxism, p. 94.
29. Butler, Bodies That Matter, p. 94; emphasis added.
30. Butler, 'For a Careful Reading', p. 135.
31. For instance, Butler equates performativity with 'citationality' and illustrates her argument by reference to 'the judge who ... invariably cites the law that he applies' thereby giving the performative 'its binding or conferring power'; Bodies That Matter, pp. 21, 225.
32. Butler, 'For a Careful Reading', p. 138.
33. Campbell, Writing Security, revised edn., p. 224, quoting Butler, Bodies That Matter, p. 225. See also Writing Security, revised edn., pp. 9-10; Campbell, National Deconstruction: Violence, Identity, and Justice in Bosnia (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1998), pp. 24-5; cf. Jutta Weldes, Constructing National Interests: The United States and the Cuban Missile Crisis (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, 1999), pp. 107-9.
34. Campbell, Writing Security, revised edn., p. 224, quoting Butler, Bodies That Matter, p. 225. See also Writing Security, revised edn., pp. 9-10; Campbell, National Deconstruction: Violence, Identity, and Justice in Bosnia (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1998), pp. 24-5; cf. Jutta Weldes, Constructing National Interests: The United States and the Cuban Missile Crisis (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, 1999), pp. 107-9.
35. Campbell, Writing Security, revised edn., p. 224, quoting Butler, Bodies That Matter, p. 225. See also Writing Security, revised edn., pp. 9-10; Campbell, National Deconstruction: Violence, Identity, and Justice in Bosnia (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1998), pp. 24-5; cf. Jutta Weldes, Constructing National Interests: The United States and the Cuban Missile Crisis (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, 1999), pp. 107-9.
36. Campbell, Writing Security, revised edn., p. 224, quoting Butler, Bodies That Matter, p. 225. See also Writing Security, revised edn., pp. 9-10; Campbell, National Deconstruction: Violence, Identity, and Justice in Bosnia (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1998), pp. 24-5; cf. Jutta Weldes, Constructing National Interests: The United States and the Cuban Missile Crisis (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, 1999), pp. 107-9.
37. Campbell, Writing Security, revised edn., p. 224, quoting Butler, Bodies That Matter, p. 225. See also Writing Security, revised edn., pp. 9-10; Campbell, National Deconstruction: Violence, Identity, and Justice in Bosnia (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1998), pp. 24-5; cf. Jutta Weldes, Constructing National Interests: The United States and the Cuban Missile Crisis (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, 1999), pp. 107-9.
38. Richard Ashley, 'The Poverty of Neorealism', International Organization, 38 (1984), p. 239.
39. Campbell, Writing Security, revised edn., p. 208.
40. Campbell, Writing Security, p. 11.
41. For instance, he refers to states as imagined communities; 'Violent Performances: Identity,Sovereignty, Responsibility', in Yosef Lapid and Friedrich Kratochwil (eds.), The Return of Culture and Identity in IR Theory (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1996), p. 166.
42. Campbell, Writing Security, p. 11.
43. Teresa Ebert makes this observation of Laclau and Mouffe in her '(Untimely) Critiques for a Red Feminism', in Mas'ud Zavarzadeh, Teresa L. Ebert, and Donald Morton (eds.), Post-Ality: Marxism and Postmodernism (Washington: Maisonneuve Press, 1995). See Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe, Hegemony and Socialist Strategy: Towards a Radical Democratic Politics (London: Verso, 1985); cf. Campbell, National Deconstruction, p. 25.
44. Teresa Ebert makes this observation of Laclau and Mouffe in her '(Untimely) Critiques for a Red Feminism', in Mas'ud Zavarzadeh, Teresa L. Ebert, and Donald Morton (eds.), Post-Ality: Marxism and Postmodernism (Washington: Maisonneuve Press, 1995). See Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe, Hegemony and Socialist Strategy: Towards a Radical Democratic Politics (London: Verso, 1985); cf. Campbell, National Deconstruction, p. 25.
45. Teresa Ebert makes this observation of Laclau and Mouffe in her '(Untimely) Critiques for a Red Feminism', in Mas'ud Zavarzadeh, Teresa L. Ebert, and Donald Morton (eds.), Post-Ality: Marxism and Postmodernism (Washington: Maisonneuve Press, 1995). See Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe, Hegemony and Socialist Strategy: Towards a Radical Democratic Politics (London: Verso, 1985); cf. Campbell, National Deconstruction, p. 25.
46. David Campbell, Politics Without Principle: Sovereignty, Ethics, and the Narratives of the Gulf War (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1993); 'Violent Performances', pp. 174-5.
47. David Campbell, Politics Without Principle: Sovereignty, Ethics, and the Narratives of the Gulf War (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1993); 'Violent Performances', pp. 174-5.
48. Campbell, Writing Security, p. 77; 'Violent Performances', p. 170.
49. Campbell, Writing Security, p. 77; 'Violent Performances', p. 170.
50. Campbell, National Deconstruction, pp. 170, 249, n. 3; 'Violent Performances', p. 175.
51. Campbell, National Deconstruction, pp. 170, 249, n. 3; 'Violent Performances', p. 175.
52. Christine Sylvester, Feminist Theory and International Relations in a Postmodern Era (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), p. 14; George, Discourses of Global Politics, pp. 1-3.
53. Christine Sylvester, Feminist Theory and International Relations in a Postmodern Era (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), p. 14; George, Discourses of Global Politics, pp. 1-3.
54. David Campbell, 'Political Excess and the Limits of Imagination', Millennium 23 (1994), p. 368.
55. This claim is widespread and persistent. For example, it is also made by US state actors: see Michael Klare, Rogue States and Nuclear Outlaws: America's Search for a New Foreign Policy (New York: Hill and Wang, 1995). In 1988, Richard Ashley claimed that the rise of non-state actors, amongst other things, had led to a 'global crisis of representation'; 'Untying the Sovereign State: A Double Reading of the Anarchy Problematique', Millennium, 17 (1988), p. 225.
56. This claim is widespread and persistent. For example, it is also made by US state actors: see Michael Klare, Rogue States and Nuclear Outlaws: America's Search for a New Foreign Policy (New York: Hill and Wang, 1995). In 1988, Richard Ashley claimed that the rise of non-state actors, amongst other things, had led to a 'global crisis of representation'; 'Untying the Sovereign State: A Double Reading of the Anarchy Problematique', Millennium, 17 (1988), p. 225.
57. David Campbell, 'Political Prosaics, Transversal Politics and the Anarchical World', in Michael J. Shapiro and Hayward R. Alker (eds.), Challenging Boundaries: Global Flows, Territorial Identities (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1996), p. 9.
58. Campbell, 'Political Prosaics', pp. 23-4, 19.
59. Campbell, 'Political Prosaics', p. 9; Writing Security, revised edn., p. 209; cf. 'Cold Wars: Securing Identity, Identifying Danger', in Frederick M. Dolan and Thomas L. Dumm (eds.), Rhetorical Republic: Governing Representations in American Politics (Amherst: The University of Massachusetts Press, 1993), p. 43 on cold war as 'an orientation toward difference'.
60. Campbell, 'Political Prosaics', p. 9; Writing Security, revised edn., p. 209; cf. 'Cold Wars: Securing Identity, Identifying Danger', in Frederick M. Dolan and Thomas L. Dumm (eds.), Rhetorical Republic: Governing Representations in American Politics (Amherst: The University of Massachusetts Press, 1993), p. 43 on cold war as 'an orientation toward difference'.
61. Campbell, 'Political Prosaics', p. 9; Writing Security, revised edn., p. 209; cf. 'Cold Wars: Securing Identity, Identifying Danger', in Frederick M. Dolan and Thomas L. Dumm (eds.), Rhetorical Republic: Governing Representations in American Politics (Amherst: The University of Massachusetts Press, 1993), p. 43 on cold war as 'an orientation toward difference'.
62. Michel Foucault, 'Structuralism and Post-Structuralism: An Interview', Telos, 55 (1983), p. 206.
63. Barry Smart, Modern Conditions, Postmodern Controversies (London and New York: Routledge, 1992), p. 5.
64. Paul Smith, Millennial Dreams: Contemporary Culture and Capital in the North (London: Verso, 1997) is an extended treatment of this theme.
65. For an argument that the Cold War has not ended, see Robert Cox with Timothy J. Sinclair, Approaches to World Order (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), p. 34.
66. On the former, see Aijaz Ahmad, In Theory: Classes, Nations, Literatures (London: Verso, 1994 [1992]); on the latter, see Bruce Cumings, '"Revising Postrevisionism", or, The Poverty of Theory in Diplomatic History', Diplomatic History, 17 (1993), pp. 539-69.
67. On the former, see Aijaz Ahmad, In Theory: Classes, Nations, Literatures (London: Verso, 1994 [1992]); on the latter, see Bruce Cumings, '"Revising Postrevisionism", or, The Poverty of Theory in Diplomatic History', Diplomatic History, 17 (1993), pp. 539-69.
68. 'Political Prosaics', p. 9; Politics Without Principle, p. 84; cf. Michael Shapiro, 'Sovereignty and Exchange in the Orders of Modernity', Alternatives, 16 (1991), pp. 447-77.
69. 'Political Prosaics', p. 9; Politics Without Principle, p. 84; cf. Michael Shapiro, 'Sovereignty and Exchange in the Orders of Modernity', Alternatives, 16 (1991), pp. 447-77.
70. 'Political Prosaics', p. 9; Politics Without Principle, p. 84; cf. Michael Shapiro, 'Sovereignty and Exchange in the Orders of Modernity', Alternatives, 16 (1991), pp. 447-77.
71. The internationalization of capital is prominent in the work of those Marxist-inspired scholars such as Mike Davis, David Harvey and Frederic Jameson on whom Campbell has drawn in seeking to think through 'the condition of postmodernity' but is invisible in his own work; see 'Political Prosaics,' p. 25, n. 15.
72. Ahmad, In Theory, 'Introduction'.
73. Neil Smith, Uneven Development: Nature, Capital and the Production of Space (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1990), p. 142.
74. Rhys Jenkins, Transnational Corporations and Uneven Development: The Internationalization of Capital and the Third World (London: Methuen, 1987), pp. 34-5.
75. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 and the Communist Manifesto (New York: Prometheus Books, 1988), p. 212.
76. Campbell, 'Political Excess and the Limits of Imagination', p. 369; emphasis added. Justin Rosenberg, 'The International Imagination: IR Theory and Classic Social Analysis', Millennium, 23 (1994), pp. 85-108.
77. Campbell, 'Political Excess and the Limits of Imagination', p. 369; emphasis added. Justin Rosenberg, 'The International Imagination: IR Theory and Classic Social Analysis', Millennium, 23 (1994), pp. 85-108.
78. For two sophisticated treatments of these issues, see Aihwa Ong and Donald Nonini (eds.), Ungrounded Empires: The Cultural Politics of Modern Chinese Transnationalism (New York: Routledge, 1997), and Allan Pred and Michael John Watts, Reworking Modernity: Capitalisms and Symbolic Discontent (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1992).
79. For two sophisticated treatments of these issues, see Aihwa Ong and Donald Nonini (eds.), Ungrounded Empires: The Cultural Politics of Modern Chinese Transnationalism (New York: Routledge, 1997), and Allan Pred and Michael John Watts, Reworking Modernity: Capitalisms and Symbolic Discontent (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1992).
80. Lawrence Grossberg, We Gotta Get Out of This Place: Popular Conservatism and Postmodern Culture (New York: Routledge, 1992), p. 356.
81. Campbell, Writing Security, p. 11; 'Violent Performances', p. 169.
82. Campbell, Writing Security, p. 11; 'Violent Performances', p. 169.
83. Campbell, National Deconstruction, p. 13.
84. Ahmad, quoted in Ellen Meiksins Wood and John Bellamy Foster (eds.), In Defense of History: Marxism and the Postmodern Agenda (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1997), pp. 54, 55; but cf. Ahmad, In Theory, p. 317.
85. Ahmad, quoted in Ellen Meiksins Wood and John Bellamy Foster (eds.), In Defense of History: Marxism and the Postmodern Agenda (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1997), pp. 54, 55; but cf. Ahmad, In Theory, p. 317.
86. On the sovereignty problematic, see George, Discourses of Global Politics, p. 201.
87. Campbell, Writing Security, revised edn., pp. 210-15, esp. 214.
88. Campbell, 'Political Prosaics', p. 18;
89. Frederic Jameson, Postmodernism, or The Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism (Durham: Duke University Press, 1991).
90. Campbell, 'Political Excess and the Limits of Imagination', p. 369.
91. Campbell, 'Political Prosaics', p. 19.
92. Ibid., p. 18.
93. See, respectively, Terrell Carver, The Postmodern Marx (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1998) and Robert Paul Resch, Althusser and the Renewal of Marxist Social Theory (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992).
94. See, respectively, Terrell Carver, The Postmodern Marx (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1998) and Robert Paul Resch, Althusser and the Renewal of Marxist Social Theory (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992).
95. Hennessy, 'Queer Theory, Left Politics', p. 220. The classic statement is Louis Althusser, 'Contradiction and Overdetermination', in For Marx, translated by Ben Brewster (London: Verso, 1977 [1965]).
96. Hennessy, 'Queer Theory, Left Politics', p. 220. The classic statement is Louis Althusser, 'Contradiction and Overdetermination', in For Marx, translated by Ben Brewster (London: Verso, 1977 [1965]).
97. Campbell, 'Political Prosaics', p. 24; emphasis added.
98. John Maclean, 'The Ideology of the End of Marxism/End of Socialism Thesis: A Critical, Global Perspective', in Barbara Einhorn, Mary Kaldor, and Zdenek Kavan (eds.), Citizenship and Democratic Control in Contemporary Europe (Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 1996).
99. Campbell, 'Political Prosaics', pp. 7-9; Sebastiao Salgado, An Uncertain Grace (New York: Aperture, 1990), and Workers: An Archeology of the Industrial Age (New York: Aperture, 1993).
100. Campbell, 'Political Prosaics', pp. 7-9; Sebastiao Salgado, An Uncertain Grace (New York: Aperture, 1990), and Workers: An Archeology of the Industrial Age (New York: Aperture, 1993).
101. Campbell, 'Political Prosaics', pp. 7-9; Sebastiao Salgado, An Uncertain Grace (New York: Aperture, 1990), and Workers: An Archeology of the Industrial Age (New York: Aperture, 1993).
102. Campbell, 'Political Excess and the Limits of Imagination', p. 367; quoting Bruno Latour; see also Politics Without Principle, p. 27.
103. Campbell, 'Political Excess and the Limits of Imagination', p. 367; quoting Bruno Latour; see also Politics Without Principle, p. 27.
104. Peter Hitchcock, 'Workers of the World _!', in Makdisi, Casarino, and Karl (eds.), Marxism Beyond Marxism, p. 72.
105. For example, see 'The networked economy changes everything. Its arrival, the gurus say, should be like the transition from an agrarian economy to an industrial one', Bonus Section: Technology, USA Today, November 16, 1998, p. IE. Campbell elsewhere describes 'the global corporation' as 'a node in a complex global enterprise web' and endorses Robert Reich's liberal account of it; see Politics Without Principle, pp. 86-7, and Reich, The Work of Nations: Preparing Ourselves for 21st-Century Capitalism (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1991).
106. For example, see 'The networked economy changes everything. Its arrival, the gurus say, should be like the transition from an agrarian economy to an industrial one', Bonus Section: Technology, USA Today, November 16, 1998, p. IE. Campbell elsewhere describes 'the global corporation' as 'a node in a complex global enterprise web' and endorses Robert Reich's liberal account of it; see Politics Without Principle, pp. 86-7, and Reich, The Work of Nations: Preparing Ourselves for 21st-Century Capitalism (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1991).
107. For example, see 'The networked economy changes everything. Its arrival, the gurus say, should be like the transition from an agrarian economy to an industrial one', Bonus Section: Technology, USA Today, November 16, 1998, p. IE. Campbell elsewhere describes 'the global corporation' as 'a node in a complex global enterprise web' and endorses Robert Reich's liberal account of it; see Politics Without Principle, pp. 86-7, and Reich, The Work of Nations: Preparing Ourselves for 21st-Century Capitalism (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1991).
108. Hennessy, Materialist Feminism and the Politics of Discourse, pp. 15-16.
109. Compare Lawrence Grossberg, 'On Postmodernism and Articulation: An Interview with Stuart Hall', in David Morley and Kuan-Hsing Chen (eds.), Stuart Hall: Critical Dialogues in Cultural Studies (London: Routledge, 1996), p. 145.
110. For two quite different treatments of this theme, see Arif Dirlik, The Postcolonial Aura: Third World Criticism in the Age of Global Capitalism (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1997), and Leo Panitch, 'Rethinking the Role of the State', in James H. Mittelman (ed.), Globalization: Critical Reflections (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1996).
111. For two quite different treatments of this theme, see Arif Dirlik, The Postcolonial Aura: Third World Criticism in the Age of Global Capitalism (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1997), and Leo Panitch, 'Rethinking the Role of the State', in James H. Mittelman (ed.), Globalization: Critical Reflections (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1996).
112. Hennessy, Materialist Feminism and the Politics of Discourse, p. 9.
113. Ibid., p. 16.
114. Campbell, Writing Security, p. 76.
115. Iver B. Neumann, 'Self and Other in International Relations', European Journal of International Relations, 2 (1996), pp. 158-60.
116. Campbell, Writing Security, p. viii.
117. Specifically, Campbell locates the persistence of subjectivity over time in the logic of identity/difference itself. Because identity requires difference to be, the never-completed nature of subjectivity renders the state 'as an impelling identity'; Writing Security, p. 12; emphasis added.
118. Campbell, Writing Security, pp. 156, 251, 257.
119. Butler, Bodies That Matter, p. 10; Osborne, A Critical Sense, pp. 112-3; cf. Campbell, Writing Security, revised edn., pp. 9-11 and 217-22.
120. Butler, Bodies That Matter, p. 10; Osborne, A Critical Sense, pp. 112-3; cf. Campbell, Writing Security, revised edn., pp. 9-11 and 217-22.
121. Butler, Bodies That Matter, p. 10; Osborne, A Critical Sense, pp. 112-3; cf. Campbell, Writing Security, revised edn., pp. 9-11 and 217-22.
122. Butler, Bodies That Matter, p. 32.
123. Compare Weeks, 'Subject for a Feminist Standpoint', pp. 96-9.
124. Weeks, 'Subject for a Feminist Standpoint', pp. 95-6.
125. See Mike Davis, 'The Dead West: Ecoside in Marlboro Country', New Left Review, 200 (1993), pp. 49-73; and Joseph Masco, 'States of Insecurity: Plutonium and Post-Cold War Anxiety in New Mexico, 1992-1996', in Jutta Weldes, Mark Laffey, Hugh Gusterson, and Raymond Duvall (eds.), Cultures of Insecurity: States, Communities, and the Production of Danger (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1999).
126. See Mike Davis, 'The Dead West: Ecoside in Marlboro Country', New Left Review, 200 (1993), pp. 49-73; and Joseph Masco, 'States of Insecurity: Plutonium and Post-Cold War Anxiety in New Mexico, 1992-1996', in Jutta Weldes, Mark Laffey, Hugh Gusterson, and Raymond Duvall (eds.), Cultures of Insecurity: States, Communities, and the Production of Danger (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1999).
127. For example, Michel Foucault, 'Two Lectures', in Colin Gordon (ed.), Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings 1972-1977 (New York: Pantheon Books, 1980); cf. Nancy Fraser, 'Foucault on Modern Power: Empirical Insights and Normative Confusions', in Unruly Practices: Power, Discourse and Gender in Contemporary Social Theory (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1989).
128. For example, Michel Foucault, 'Two Lectures', in Colin Gordon (ed.), Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings 1972-1977 (New York: Pantheon Books, 1980); cf. Nancy Fraser, 'Foucault on Modern Power: Empirical Insights and Normative Confusions', in Unruly Practices: Power, Discourse and Gender in Contemporary Social Theory (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1989).
129. Campbell, Writing Security, p. viii. Compare Mike Davis, Prisoners of the American Dream: Politics and Economy in the History of the US Working Class (London: Verso, 1986).
130. Campbell, Writing Security, p. viii. Compare Mike Davis, Prisoners of the American Dream: Politics and Economy in the History of the US Working Class (London: Verso, 1986).
131. Hennessy, 'Queer Theory, Left Politics'; cf. Butler, Bodies That Matter, p. 94.
132. Hennessy, 'Queer Theory, Left Politics'; cf. Butler, Bodies That Matter, p. 94.
133. See Jameson, 'Actually Existing Marxism', and 'Notes on Globalization as a Philosophical Issue', in Frederic Jameson and Masao Miyoshi (eds.), The Cultures of Globalization (Durham: Duke University Press, 1998). See also David Harvey, The Condition of Postmodernity: An Enquiry into the Origins of Cultural Change (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1989).
134. See Jameson, 'Actually Existing Marxism', and 'Notes on Globalization as a Philosophical Issue', in Frederic Jameson and Masao Miyoshi (eds.), The Cultures of Globalization (Durham: Duke University Press, 1998). See also David Harvey, The Condition of Postmodernity: An Enquiry into the Origins of Cultural Change (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1989).
135. Campbell, Politics Without Principle, p. 82.
136. Campbell, 'Violent Performances', p. 175.
137. Campbell, Politics Without Principle, p. 79; cf. George Bush and Brent Scowcroft, A World Transformed (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1998), pp. 305ff.
138. Campbell, Politics Without Principle, p. 79; cf. George Bush and Brent Scowcroft, A World Transformed (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1998), pp. 305ff.
139. Naeem Inayatullah and David Blaney, 'Realizing Sovereignty', Review of International Studies, 21 (1995), pp. 3-20.
140. See, for example, Simon Bromley, American Hegemony and World Oil: The Industry, the State System and the World Economy (University Park: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1991); and Tarak Barkawi, 'War Inside the Free World: The US and the Cold War in the Third World', in Tarak Barkawi and Mark Laffey (eds.), Democracy, Liberalism and War: Rethinking the Democratic Peace Debate (Unpublished MS, 2000).
141. See, for example, Simon Bromley, American Hegemony and World Oil: The Industry, the State System and the World Economy (University Park: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1991); and Tarak Barkawi, 'War Inside the Free World: The US and the Cold War in the Third World', in Tarak Barkawi and Mark Laffey (eds.), Democracy, Liberalism and War: Rethinking the Democratic Peace Debate (Unpublished MS, 2000).
142. Gabriel Kolko, Confronting the Third World: United States Foreign Policy 1945-1980 (New York: Pantheon, 1988), pp. 72-7.
143. Quoted in Daniel Yergin, The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1991), p. 401.
144. See, for example, Ebert, '(Untimely) Critiques for a Red Feminism', pp. 116ff.