Why corporate demography matters: Policy implications of organizational diversity

California Management Review

Volumn , Issue 3, 2000, Pages 148-163

  Carroll, Glenn R ^a   Hannan, Michael T ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0034401827     PISSN: 00081256     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/41166046     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. AnnaLee Saxenian, Regional Advantage: Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1994); James N. Baron, M. Diane Burton, and Michael T. Hannan, "The Road Taken: Origins and Early Evolution of Employment Systems in Emerging Companies," Industrial and Corporate Change, 5 (1996): 239-276.
2. AnnaLee Saxenian, Regional Advantage: Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1994); James N. Baron, M. Diane Burton, and Michael T. Hannan, "The Road Taken: Origins and Early Evolution of Employment Systems in Emerging Companies," Industrial and Corporate Change, 5 (1996): 239-276.
3. Adam Smith, An Inquiry in the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1976 [originally published in 1776]); Emile Durkheim, The Division of Labor in Society (Glencoe, IL: Free Press, 1947 [Originally published in 1893]); Amos H. Hawley, Human Ecology: A Theory of Community Structure (New York, NY: Ronald Press, 1950).
4. Adam Smith, An Inquiry in the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1976 [originally published in 1776]); Emile Durkheim, The Division of Labor in Society (Glencoe, IL: Free Press, 1947 [Originally published in 1893]); Amos H. Hawley, Human Ecology: A Theory of Community Structure (New York, NY: Ronald Press, 1950).
5. Adam Smith, An Inquiry in the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1976 [originally published in 1776]); Emile Durkheim, The Division of Labor in Society (Glencoe, IL: Free Press, 1947 [Originally published in 1893]); Amos H. Hawley, Human Ecology: A Theory of Community Structure (New York, NY: Ronald Press, 1950).
6. Michael T. Hannan, "Uncertainty, Diversity and Organizational Change," in N. Smelser and D. Gerstein, eds., Social and Behavioral Sciences: Discoveries over Fifty Years (Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1986), pp. 73-94.
7. Along these lines, Gray and Lowery examined the relationship between the organizational diversity of political interest representation in American states and the functioning of state economy, policy, and politics. Virginia Gray and David Lowery, The Population Ecology of Interest Representation (Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 1996).
8. Gernot Grabher and David Stark, "Organizing Diversity: Evolutionary Theory, Network Analysis, and Post-Socialism," in G. Grabher and D. Stark, eds., Restructuring Networks in Post-Socialism (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1997), pp. 1-32.
9. Glenn R. Carroll, "Concentration and Specialization: Dynamics of Niche Width in Populations of Organizations," American Journal of Sociology, 90 (1985): 1262-1283; Anand Swaminathan, "The Proliferation of Specialist Organizations in the American Wine Industry, 1941-1990," Administrative Science Quarterly, 40 (1995): 653-680; Glenn R. Carroll and Anand Swaminathan, "Why the Micro Brewery Movement? Organizational Dynamics of Resource Partitioning in the American Brewing Industry after Prohibition," presented at the 14th Colloquium of the European Group on Organizational Studies, Maastricht, 1998.
10. Glenn R. Carroll, "Concentration and Specialization: Dynamics of Niche Width in Populations of Organizations," American Journal of Sociology, 90 (1985): 1262-1283; Anand Swaminathan, "The Proliferation of Specialist Organizations in the American Wine Industry, 1941-1990," Administrative Science Quarterly, 40 (1995): 653-680; Glenn R. Carroll and Anand Swaminathan, "Why the Micro Brewery Movement? Organizational Dynamics of Resource Partitioning in the American Brewing Industry after Prohibition," presented at the 14th Colloquium of the European Group on Organizational Studies, Maastricht, 1998.
11. Glenn R. Carroll, "Concentration and Specialization: Dynamics of Niche Width in Populations of Organizations," American Journal of Sociology, 90 (1985): 1262-1283; Anand Swaminathan, "The Proliferation of Specialist Organizations in the American Wine Industry, 1941-1990," Administrative Science Quarterly, 40 (1995): 653-680; Glenn R. Carroll and Anand Swaminathan, "Why the Micro Brewery Movement? Organizational Dynamics of Resource Partitioning in the American Brewing Industry after Prohibition," presented at the 14th Colloquium of the European Group on Organizational Studies, Maastricht, 1998.
12. Richard A. Peterson and David G. Berger, "Measuring Industry Concentration, Diversity and Innovation in Popular Music," American Sociological Review, 61 (1996): 175-177; Paul Lopes, "Innovation and Diversity in the Popular Music Industry, 1969-1990," American Sociological Review, 57 (1992): 56-71; Gray and Lowery, op. cit.
13. Richard A. Peterson and David G. Berger, "Measuring Industry Concentration, Diversity and Innovation in Popular Music," American Sociological Review, 61 (1996): 175-177; Paul Lopes, "Innovation and Diversity in the Popular Music Industry, 1969-1990," American Sociological Review, 57 (1992): 56-71; Gray and Lowery, op. cit.
14. Richard A. Peterson and David G. Berger, "Measuring Industry Concentration, Diversity and Innovation in Popular Music," American Sociological Review, 61 (1996): 175-177; Paul Lopes, "Innovation and Diversity in the Popular Music Industry, 1969-1990," American Sociological Review, 57 (1992): 56-71; Gray and Lowery, op. cit.
15. Lorraine T. Midanik and Robin Room, "The Epidemiology of Alcohol Consumption," Alcohol Health and Research World, 16 (1992): 183-190, 184.
16. Lorraine T. Midanik and Walter B. Clark, "Drinking-Related Problems in the United States: Description and Trends, 1984-1990," Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 56 (1995): 395-402.
17. See Jeffrey M. Paige, Coffee and Power: Revolution and the Rise of Democracy in Central America (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1997).
18. Michael T. Hannan, "Social Change, Organizational Diversity, and Individual Careers," in M. Riley, ed., Social Structures and Human Lives (Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1988), pp. 161-174.
19. Baron, Burton, and Hannan, op. cit.
20. Hannan (1988), op. cit.
21. James N. Baron and William T. Bielby, "The Organization of Work in a Segmented Economy," American Sociological Review, 49 (1984): 454-473; Glenn R. Carroll and Karl Ulrich Mayer, "Job Shift Patterns in the Federal Republic of Germany: The Effects of Social Class, Industrial Sector, and Organizational Size," American Sociological Review, 51 (1986): 323-341.
22. James N. Baron and William T. Bielby, "The Organization of Work in a Segmented Economy," American Sociological Review, 49 (1984): 454-473; Glenn R. Carroll and Karl Ulrich Mayer, "Job Shift Patterns in the Federal Republic of Germany: The Effects of Social Class, Industrial Sector, and Organizational Size," American Sociological Review, 51 (1986): 323-341.
23. Hannan (1988), op. cit.
24. Henrich R. Greve, "Industry Diversity Effects on Job Mobility," Acta Sociologica, Series A 37 (1994): 119-139.
25. Takako Fujiwara-Greve and Henrich R. Greve, "Industry Diversity, Inequality, and Reputational Effects on Wages: Evidence from Norwegian Data," presented at the Annual Meetings of the Academy of Management, 1997.
26. At least some of this association likely reflects the fact that young organizations tend to be small and small organizations have high hazards of mortality.
27. Hannan (1988), op. cit.
28. William Julius Wilson, The Declining Significance of Race (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1978).
29. Farley shows that this claim is correct if income inequality is measured as the interquartile range but not if the Gini index is used. Reynolds J. Farley, Blacks and Whites: Narrowing the Gap? (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1984).
30. Michael Hout, "Occupational Mobility of Black Men: 1962 to 1973," American Sociological Review, 49 (1985): 308-322.
31. Kenneth Wilson and W. Allen Martin, "Ethnic Enclaves: A Comparison of the Cuban and Black Communities of Miami," American Journal of Sociology, 88 (1982): 135-160; Alejandro Portes and Robert Bach, Latin Journey: Cuban and Mexican Immigrants in the United States (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1985).
32. Kenneth Wilson and W. Allen Martin, "Ethnic Enclaves: A Comparison of the Cuban and Black Communities of Miami," American Journal of Sociology, 88 (1982): 135-160; Alejandro Portes and Robert Bach, Latin Journey: Cuban and Mexican Immigrants in the United States (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1985).
33. Jimmy Sanders and Victor Nee, "Limits of Ethnic Solidarity in the Enclave Economy," American Sociological Review, 52 (1987): 745-767.
34. Arthur L. Stinchcombe, "Social Structure and Organizations," in J. March, ed., Handbook of Organizations (Chicago, IL: Rand McNally, 1965), pp. 142-193.
35. Jack W. Brittain and John Freeman, "Entrepreneurship in the Semiconductor Industry," presented at the Academy of Management Meetings, 1986.
36. Jesper B. Sørensen, "The Ecology of Organizational Demography: Managerial Tenure Distributions and Organizational Competition," Industrial and Corporate Change (in press, 2000a); Jesper B. Sørensen, "Executive Migration and Interorganizational Competition," Social Science Research (forthcoming, 2000b).
37. Jesper B. Sørensen, "The Ecology of Organizational Demography: Managerial Tenure Distributions and Organizational Competition," Industrial and Corporate Change (in press, 2000a); Jesper B. Sørensen, "Executive Migration and Interorganizational Competition," Social Science Research (forthcoming, 2000b).
38. Sørensen (2000a), op. cit.
39. Sørensen (2000b), op. cit.
40. Stinchcombe, op. cit.
41. Soørensen (2000b), op. cit.