Class and the conceptualization of citizenship in twentieth-century Britain

History of Political Thought

Volumn 21, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 114-131

  Low, Eugenia ^a  

^a ST JOHN S COLLEGE   (United Kingdom)

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EID: 0034387536     PISSN: 0143781X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (79)

1. M. Freeden, Ideologies and Political Theory: A Conceptual Approach (Oxford, 1996), p. 52.
2. Ibid., p. 4.
3. W.B. Gallie, 'Essentially-Contested Concepts', Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, LVI (1955-6), pp. 167-98. See P. Calvert, The Concept of Class: An Historical Introduction (London, 1982), pp. 209-12.
4. W.B. Gallie, 'Essentially-Contested Concepts', Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, LVI (1955-6), pp. 167-98. See P. Calvert, The Concept of Class: An Historical Introduction (London, 1982), pp. 209-12.
5. J. Harris, 'Political Thought and the State', in The Boundaries of the State, ed. R. Whiting and S. Green (Cambridge, 1996), pp. 15-28, p. 15.
6. See, for example, D.S. King and J. Waldron, 'Citizenship, Social Citizenship and the Defence of Welfare Provision', British Journal of Political Science XVIII (1988) pp. 415-43, pp. 418-22.
7. A.M. Rees, 'T.H. Marshall and the Progress of Citizenship', in Citizenship Today: The Contemporary Relevance of T.H. Marshall, ed. M. Bulmer and A.M. Rees (London 1996), pp. 1-23, p. 3.
8. T.H. Marshall, 'Social Class - A Preliminary Analysis', Sociological Review, XXVI (1934), pp. 55-76, p. 57.
9. H. Jones, Old Memories: Autobiography of Sir Henry Jones, CH, Late Professor of Moral Philosophy in the University of Glasgow, ed. T. Jones (London, 1922), pp. 45, 47-8.
10. Ibid., pp. 18, 20.
11. Ibid., pp. 37, 72.
12. H. Jones to E.H. Jones (June 1921), National Library of Wales [hereafter NLW], Thomas Jones Collection [hereafter TJC], Class U, Vol. III, f. 221.
13. Jones, Old Memories, p. 152.
14. H. Jones to S. Webb (29 March 1918), NLW, TJC, Class U, Vol. I, f. 45.
15. Ibid.
16. Jones, Old Memories, p. 48.
17. T.H. Marshall, 'A British Sociological Career', International Social Science Journal, XXV (1973), pp. 88-100, p. 88.
18. W.G. Rimmer, Marshalls of Leeds: Flax-Spinners, 1788-1886 (Cambridge, 1960), p. 220.
19. A.H. Halsey, 'T.H. Marshall: Past and Present 1893-1981', Sociology, XVIII (1984), pp. 1-18, p. 1.
20. F. Partridge, Memories (London, 1981; 1996), pp. 23-4.
21. Ibid., p. 29.
22. Marshall, 'British Sociological Career', p. 88.
23. Ibid.
24. Ibid., pp. 89-90.
25. J.D. Ketchum, Ruhleben: A Prison Camp Society (Toronto, 1965), p. 3.
26. Ibid., p. 31.
27. T.H. Marshall interview recorded with Peter Liddle (February 1977), Brotherton Library, Liddle Collection, RUH 33.
28. Halsey, 'T.H. Marshall', p. 2.
29. Marshall, 'British Sociological Career', p. 91.
30. H. Jones, 'The Working Faith of the Social Reformer', in The Working Faith of the Social Reformer and Other Essays (London, 1910), pp. 1-114, p. 70.
31. Marshall, 'British Sociological Career', p. 98.
32. 'Cambridge Lectures: Introduction to Sociology', f. 3, British Library of Political and Economic Science (hereafter BLPES), T.H. Marshall Papers, 2/15.
33. H. Jones, 'The Social Organism', in Essays in Philosophical Criticism, ed. A. Seth and R.B. Haldane (London, 1883), pp. 187-213, p. 207.
34. 'Introduction to Sociology', f. 3, BLPES, Marshall Papers, 2/15.
35. Jones, 'Working Faith of the Social Reformer', p. 22.
36. H. Jones, The Principles of Citizenship (London, 1919), p. 90.
37. Jones, 'Working Faith of the Social Reformer', p. 22.
38. H. Jones to G. Murray (February 1904), NLW, TJC, Class U, Vol. II, f. 104/2.
39. H. Jones, 'The Corruption of the Citizenship of the Working Man', Hibbert Journal, X (1911-12), pp. 155-78, p. 177.
40. H. Jones to S. Webb (29 March 1918), NLW, TJC, Class U, Vol. I, f. 45.
41. Jones, 'Corruption of the Citizenship of the Working Man'; J.R. MacDonald, 'The "Corruption" of the Citizenship of the Working Man: A Reply', Hibbert Journal, X (1911-12), pp. 344-61.
42. MacDonald, '"Corruption" of the Citizenship of the Working Man: A Reply', pp. 352-3.
43. Ibid., pp. 353-4.
44. Jones, 'Working Faith of the Social Reformer', p. 91.
45. Jones, 'Corruption of the Citizenship of the Working Man', p. 172.
46. Ibid., p. 173.
47. Jones, Principles of Citizenship, p. 88.
48. H. Jones, Idealism as a Practical Creed (Glasgow, 1909), p. 123.
49. See S. den Otter, British Idealism and Social Explanation: A Study in Late Victorian Thought (Oxford, 1996), pp. 189-95.
50. Ibid., p. 192.
51. B. Harrison, Traditions of Respectability in British Labour History', in Peaceable Kingdom: Stability and Change in Modern Britain (Oxford, 1982), pp. 157-216, p. 157.
52. 'Social Change in Britain: A Sociological Perspective', f. 6, BLPES, Marshall Papers, 4/2.
53. Ibid., f. 9.
54. T.H. Marshall, 'Citizenship and Social Class', in T.H. Marshall and T. Bottomore, Citizenship and Social Class (London, 1992; 1996), pp. 1-51, p. 18. Emphasis added.
55. Ibid., p. 45.
56. Ibid., p. 44.
57. See, for example, J.H. Goldthorpe et al. The Affluent Worker in the Class Structure (Cambridge, 1969).
58. J.E. Cronin, 'Class, Citizenship and Party Allegiance: The Labour Party and Class Formation in Twentieth Century Britain', Studies in Political Economy, XXI (1986), pp. 107-35, p. 129.
59. Ibid., p. 135, n. 32.
60. Ibid., p. 129.
61. Marshall, 'Citizenship and Social Class', p. 44.
62. Ibid., p. 28.
63. Ibid., p. 18.
64. Marshall, 'Social Class', p. 61.
65. Ibid., p. 59.
66. Ibid., p. 60.
67. 'Social Change in Britain', f. 9, BLPES, Marshall Papers, 4/2.
68. T.H. Marshall, 'Changes in Social Stratification in the Twentieth Century', in Sociology at the Crossroads and Other Essays (London, 1963), pp. 128-49, p. 134.
69. C.A.R. Crosland, The Future of Socialism (London, 1956; abridged and revised 1963), p. 106.
70. Marshall, 'Changes in Social Stratification', p. 142.
71. Ibid., p. 134.
72. Marshall, 'Citizenship and Social Class', p. 24.
73. Ibid., p. 28.
74. R.H. Tawney, Equality (London, 1952; 1983), p. 58.
75. See M.J. Sandel, Democracy's Discontent: America in Search of a Public Philosophy (Cambridge, MA, 1996), pp. 222-3.
76. B.A.O. Williams, 'The Idea of Equality', in Philosophy, Politics and Society, ed. P. Laslett and W.G. Runciman (2nd series, Oxford, 1962), pp. 110-31, p. 130.
77. Ibid., p. 116.
78. 'The Socialist Experiment in England', f. 13, BLPES, Marshall Papers, 3/1.
79. I would like to thank Jose Harris, Desmond King, Cecile Laborde, Paul Martin and Marc Stears for helpful comments and advice, and to acknowledge the financial support received from the Overseas Research Students Award Scheme, St John's College and the University of Oxford. I am also grateful to participants at the Modern British History Core Seminar, University of Oxford, November 1997, and members of a panel at the 94th Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, 1998, for their insightful comments on earlier versions of this piece.