Stratosphere-troposphere exchange in an extratropical cyclone, calculated with a Lagrangian method

Annales Geophysicae

Volumn 18, Issue 5, 2000, Pages 573-582

  Sigmond, M ^a   Meloen, J ^a   Siegmund, P C ^a  

^a ROYAL NETHERLANDS METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE KNMI   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (general circulation; mesoscale meteorology; middle atmosphere dynamics)

Indexed keywords

EID: 0034386798     PISSN: 09927689     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00585-000-0573-1     Document Type: Article

References (18)

1. Brewer, A. M., Evidence for a world circulation provided by the measurements of helium and water vapour distribution in the stratosphere, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 75, 351-363, 1949.
2. Dobson, G. M. B., Origin and distribution of polyatomic molecules in the atmosphere, Proc. R. Meteorol. Soc., A236, 187-193, 1956.
3. Gettelman, A., and A. H. Sobel, Direct diagnoses of stratosphere-troposphere exchange, J Atmos Sci (in press) 1999.
4. Hoerling, M. P., T. K. Schaack, and A. J. Lenzen, A global analysis of stratospheric-tropospheric exchange during northern winter, Mon. Weather Rev., 121, 162-172, 1993.
5. Holton, J. R., P. H. Haynes, M. E. McIntyre, A. R. Douglass, R. B. Rood, and L. Pfister, Stratosphere-troposphere exchange, Rev. Geophys., 33, 403-439, 1995.
6. Hoskins, B. J., M. E. McIntyre, and A. W. Robertson, On the use and significance of isentropic potential vorticity maps, Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc., 111, 877-946, 1985.
7. IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), special report on 'Aviation and the global atmosphere', Cambridge University Press, 1999.
8. Lamarque, J., and P. G. Hess, Cross-tropopause mass exchange and potential vorticity budget in a simulated tropopause folding, J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 2246-2269, 1994.
9. Petterssen, S., Weather analysis and forecasting. McGraw-Hill, New York, 221-223, 1940.
10. Scheele, M. P., P. C. Siegmund, and P. F. J. van Velthoven, Sensitivity of trajectories to data resolution and its dependence on the starting point: in or outside a tropopause fold, Meteorol. Appl., 3, 267-273, 1996.
11. Shapiro, M. A., Turbulent mixing within tropopause folds as a mechanism for the exchange of chemical constituents between the stratosphere and troposphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 994-1004, 1980.
12. Siegmund, P. C., P. F. J. van Velthoven, and H. Kelder, Cross-tropopause transport in the extratropical northern winter hemisphere, diagnosed from high-resolution ECMWF data, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 122, 1921-1941, 1996.
13. Spaete, P., D. R. Johnson, and T. K. Schaack, Stratospheric-tropospheric mass exchange during the Presidents' Day Storm, Mon. Weather Rev., 122, 424-439, 1994.
14. Stohl, A., G. Wotawa, P. Seibert, and H. Kromp-Kolb, Interpolation errors in wind fields as a function of spatial and temporal resolution and their impact on different types of kinematic trajectories, J. Appl. Meteorol., 35, 2149-2165, 1995.
15. Wei, M.-Y., A new formulation of the exchange of mass and trace constituents between the stratosphere and troposphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 3079-3086, 1987.
16. Wernli H., and H. C. Davies, A Lagrangian-based analysis of extratropical cyclones. I: the method and some applications, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 123, 467-489, 1997.
17. Wirth, V., and J. Egger, Diagnosing extratropical synoptic-scale stratosphere-troposphere exchange: a case study, Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc., 125, 635-655, 1999.
18. WMO, Scientific assessment of ozone depletion: 1994, Global ozone research and monitoring project, Report 37 World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 1995.