Tailoring visible photonic bandgaps through microstructural order and coupled material effects in SiO2 colloidal crystals

Journal of the Optical Society of America B: Optical Physics

Volumn 17, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 219-225

  Ballato, John ^a  

^a CLEMSON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0034386407     PISSN: 07403224     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/JOSAB.17.000219     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. L. Brillouin, Wave Propagation in Periodic Structures (Dover, New York, 1953).
2. J. Joannopoulos, R. Meade, and J. Winn, Photonic Crystals (Princeton U. Press, Princeton, N.J., 1995).
3. E. Yablonovich, "Inhibited spontaneous emission in solid-state physics and electronics," Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 2059-2062 (1987).
4. A. Balakin, V. Bushuev, N. Koroteev, B. Mantsyzov, I. Ozheredov, A. Shkurinov, D. Boucher, and P. Masselin, "Enhancement of second-harmonic generation with femto-second laser pulses near the photonic band edge for difference polarizations of incident light," Opt. Lett. 24, 793-795 (1999); J. Martorell, R. Vilaseca, and R. Corbalán, "Second harmonic generation in a photonic crystal," Appl. Phys. Lett. 70, 702-704 (1997).
5. A. Balakin, V. Bushuev, N. Koroteev, B. Mantsyzov, I. Ozheredov, A. Shkurinov, D. Boucher, and P. Masselin, "Enhancement of second-harmonic generation with femto-second laser pulses near the photonic band edge for difference polarizations of incident light," Opt. Lett. 24, 793-795 (1999); J. Martorell, R. Vilaseca, and R. Corbalán, "Second harmonic generation in a photonic crystal," Appl. Phys. Lett. 70, 702-704 (1997).
6. A. Mekis, J. Chen, I. Kurland, S. Fan, P. Vuleneuve, and J. Joannopoulos, "High transmission through bends in photonic crystal waveguides," Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3787-3790 (1996); J. Joannopoulos, P. Villeneuve, and S. Fan, "Photonic crystals: putting a new twist on light," Nature 386, 143-149 (1997).
7. A. Mekis, J. Chen, I. Kurland, S. Fan, P. Vuleneuve, and J. Joannopoulos, "High transmission through bends in photonic crystal waveguides," Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3787-3790 (1996); J. Joannopoulos, P. Villeneuve, and S. Fan, "Photonic crystals: putting a new twist on light," Nature 386, 143-149 (1997).
8. J. Foresi, P. Villeneuve, J. Ferrera, E. Thoen, G. Steinmeyer, S. Fan, J. Joannopoulos, L. Kimerling, H. Smith, and E. Ippen, "Photonic-bandgap microcavities in optical waveguides," Nature 390, 143-145 (1997); P. Villeneuve, D. Abrams, S. Fan, and J. Joannopoulos, "Single-mode wave-guide microcavity for fast optical switching," Opt. Lett. 21, 2017-2019 (1996); J. Chen, H. Haus, S. Fan, P. Villeneuve, and J. Joannopoulos, "Optical filters from photonic band gap air bridges," J. Lightwave Technol. 14, 2575-2580 (1996).
9. J. Foresi, P. Villeneuve, J. Ferrera, E. Thoen, G. Steinmeyer, S. Fan, J. Joannopoulos, L. Kimerling, H. Smith, and E. Ippen, "Photonic-bandgap microcavities in optical waveguides," Nature 390, 143-145 (1997); P. Villeneuve, D. Abrams, S. Fan, and J. Joannopoulos, "Single-mode wave-guide microcavity for fast optical switching," Opt. Lett. 21, 2017-2019 (1996); J. Chen, H. Haus, S. Fan, P. Villeneuve, and J. Joannopoulos, "Optical filters from photonic band gap air bridges," J. Lightwave Technol. 14, 2575-2580 (1996).
10. J. Foresi, P. Villeneuve, J. Ferrera, E. Thoen, G. Steinmeyer, S. Fan, J. Joannopoulos, L. Kimerling, H. Smith, and E. Ippen, "Photonic-bandgap microcavities in optical waveguides," Nature 390, 143-145 (1997); P. Villeneuve, D. Abrams, S. Fan, and J. Joannopoulos, "Single-mode wave-guide microcavity for fast optical switching," Opt. Lett. 21, 2017-2019 (1996); J. Chen, H. Haus, S. Fan, P. Villeneuve, and J. Joannopoulos, "Optical filters from photonic band gap air bridges," J. Lightwave Technol. 14, 2575-2580 (1996).
11. Y. Fink, J. Winn, S. Fan, C. Chen, J. Michel, J. Joannopoulos, and E. Thomas, "A dielectric omnidirectional reflector," Science 282, 1679-1682 (1998); S. Fan, P. Villeneuve, and J. Joannopoulos, "Large omnidirectional band gaps in metallodielectric photonic crystals," Phys. Rev. B 54, 11245-11251 (1996).
12. Y. Fink, J. Winn, S. Fan, C. Chen, J. Michel, J. Joannopoulos, and E. Thomas, "A dielectric omnidirectional reflector," Science 282, 1679-1682 (1998); S. Fan, P. Villeneuve, and J. Joannopoulos, "Large omnidirectional band gaps in metallodielectric photonic crystals," Phys. Rev. B 54, 11245-11251 (1996).
13. T. Birks, J. Knight, and P. St. J. Russell, "Endlessly single-mode photonic crystal fiber," Opt. Lett. 22, 961-963 (1997).
14. A. Genack and N. Garcia, "Observation of photon localization in a three-dimensional disordered system," Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 2064-2067 (1991).
15. G. Heckmann, "Die Gittertheorie der festen Körper," Ergeb. Exakten. Naturwiss. 4, 100-153 (1925); R. Thurston. "Warren P. Mason (1900-1986) physicist, engineer, inventor, author, teacher," IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control 41, 424-434 (1994); J. Nye, "Thermodynamics of equilibrium properties of crystals'" in Physical Properties of Crystals (Oxford U. Press, London, UK, 1985), Chap. 10.
16. G. Heckmann, "Die Gittertheorie der festen Körper," Ergeb. Exakten. Naturwiss. 4, 100-153 (1925); R. Thurston. "Warren P. Mason (1900-1986) physicist, engineer, inventor, author, teacher," IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control 41, 424-434 (1994); J. Nye, "Thermodynamics of equilibrium properties of crystals'" in Physical Properties of Crystals (Oxford U. Press, London, UK, 1985), Chap. 10.
17. G. Heckmann, "Die Gittertheorie der festen Körper," Ergeb. Exakten. Naturwiss. 4, 100-153 (1925); R. Thurston. "Warren P. Mason (1900-1986) physicist, engineer, inventor, author, teacher," IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control 41, 424-434 (1994); J. Nye, "Thermodynamics of equilibrium properties of crystals'" in Physical Properties of Crystals (Oxford U. Press, London, UK, 1985), Chap. 10.
18. Samples were coated with 10 nm of carbon to minimize charging artifacts. Images were collected at a 6-mm working distance with a 3-keV electron beam and a 30-μm aperture.
19. Particles in suspension are influenced by forces associated with Brownian motion, gravity, viscous drag, and particle-particle and particle-liquid interactions. In the present case, the hydrolysis of the tetraethyl orthosilicate was base catalyzed, so that the pH of the suspension is below the silica zero point of charge such that the surfaces possess a sufficiently high charge to hinder particulate agglomeration. This indeed was the case as the suspensions slowly settled into uniformly packed colloidal solids after several hours under undisturbed conditions (Figs. 2 and 3). Since one point of this paper is to connect the microstructural characteristics of the solid to the spectral features of its optical bandgap, the reader is referred for seminal discussions on colloidal and surface chemistry to W. Russell, D. Saville, and W. Schowalter, Colloidal Dispersions (Cambridge U. Press, New York, 1989).
20. As a brief aside, the point defects and grain boundaries observed in Fig. 2 also reveal colloidal crystals to be useful pedagogical tools for both atomic and macroscopic structural features.
21. M. Born and E. Wolf, Principles of Optics (Pergamon, New York, 1959).
22. D. Lide, ed., Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 76th ed. (CRC Press, New York, 1995).
23. See, for example, the x-ray diffraction of the as-made and heat-treated glass-ceramics in P. Tick, N. Borrelli, L. Cornelius, and M. Newhouse, "Transparent glass ceramics for 1300 nm amplifier applications," J. Appl. Phys. 78, 6367-6374 (1995).
24. H. Klug and L. Alexander, X-Ray Diffraction Procedures (Wiley, New York, 1954).
25. M. Noginov, S. Egarievwe, N. Noginova, H. Caulfield, and J. Wang, "Interferometric studies of coherence in a powder laser," Opt. Mater. 12, 127-134 (1999); M. Noginov, S. Egarievwe, N. Noginova, J. Wang, and H. Caulfield, "Demonstration of a second-harmonic powder laser," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 15, 2854-2860 (1998).
26. M. Noginov, S. Egarievwe, N. Noginova, H. Caulfield, and J. Wang, "Interferometric studies of coherence in a powder laser," Opt. Mater. 12, 127-134 (1999); M. Noginov, S. Egarievwe, N. Noginova, J. Wang, and H. Caulfield, "Demonstration of a second-harmonic powder laser," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 15, 2854-2860 (1998).
27. 3+ in a barium crown glass," Phys. Rev. Lett. 7, 444-446 (1961); C. Koester and E. Snitzer, "Amplification in a fiber laser," Appl. Opt. 3, 1182-1186 (1964).
28. 3+ in a barium crown glass," Phys. Rev. Lett. 7, 444-446 (1961); C. Koester and E. Snitzer, "Amplification in a fiber laser," Appl. Opt. 3, 1182-1186 (1964).
29. 2 spheres by sintering," Adv. Mater. 10, 480-483 (1998).
30. J. Weissman, H. Sunkara, A. Tse, and S. Asher, "Thermally switchable periodicities and diffraction from mesoscopically ordered materials," Science 274, 959-960 (1996).