Cognitive load and perspective-taking: Applying the automatic-controlled distinction to verbal communication

European Journal of Social Psychology

Volumn 30, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 429-445

  Roßnagel, Christian ^a  

^a FREIE UNIVERSITÄT BERLIN   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0034383268     PISSN: 00462772     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0992(200005/06)30:3<429::aid-ejsp3>3.0.co;2-v     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Bargh JA. 1996. Automaticity in social psychology. In Social Psychology: Handbook of Basic Principles, Higgins ET, Kruglanski AW (eds). Guilford: New York; 169-183.
2. Bernstein WM, Davis MH. 1982. Perspective-taking, self-consciousness, and accuracy in person perception. Basic and Applied Social Psychology 3: 1-19.
3. Blakar RM. 1979. Language as a means of social power. In Studies of Language, Thought and Verbal Communication, Rommetveit R, Blakar RM (eds). Academic Press: London.
4. Buhl HM. 1996. Erwerbssituation, mentale Repräsentation und sprachliche Lokalisationen. Blickpunktinformation als Bestandteil der Raumrepraesentation. [Initial encounter, mental representation, and verbal localizations: The point of view as a part of spatial representations]. Sprache & Kognition 15: 203-216.
5. Clark HH. 1971. The importance of linguistics for the study of speech hesitations. In The Perception of Language, Horton DL, Jenkins JJ (eds). Merrill: Columbus; 69-78.
6. Clark HH. 1985. Language use and language users. In Handbook of Social Psychology, Lindzey G, Aronson E (eds). Random House: New York.
7. Clark HH, Clark EV. 1977. Psychology and Language. Harcourt, Brace Jovanovich: New York.
8. Cohen G, Faulkner D. 1986. Does 'elderspeak' work? The effect of intonation and stress on comprehension and recall of spoken discourse in old age. Language and Communication 6: 91-98.
9. Coke JS, Batson CD, McDavis K. 1978. Empathic mediation of helping: A two-stage model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 36: 752-766.
10. Coupland N, Coupland J, Giles H. 1991. Language, Society and the Elderly. Blackwell: Oxford.
11. Davis MH, Conklin L, Smith A, Luce C. 1996. Effect of perspective taking on the cognitive representation of persons: A merging of self and other. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 70: 713-726.
12. Dell GS, Brown PM. 1991. Mechanisms for listener-adaptation in language production: Limiting the role of the 'model of the listener'. In Bridges Between Psychology and Linguistics, Napoli DJ, Kegel JA (eds). Erlbaum: Hillsdale, NJ.
13. Fiske ST, Neuberg SL. 1990. A continuum model of impression formation, from category-based to individuating processes: Influences of information and motivation on attention and interpretation. In Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, Vol 23, Zanna MP (ed.). Academic Press: San Diego, CA; 1-74.
14. Franzoi SL, Davis MH, Young RD. 1985. The effects of private self-consciousness and perspective taking on satisfaction in close relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 48: 1584-1594.
15. Fussell SR, Krauss RM. 1992. Coordination of knowledge in communication: Effects of speakers' assumptions about what others know. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 62: 378-391.
16. Garrett MF. 1988. Processes in language production. In Linguistics: The Cambridge Survey, Vol III: Biological and Psychological Aspects of Language, Newmeyer FJ (ed.). Harvard University Press: Cambridge, MA; 69-90.
17. Gilbert DT. 1989. Thinking lightly about others: Automatic components of the social inference process. In Unintended Thought, Uleman JS, Bargh JA (eds). Guilford: New York; 189-211.
18. Gilbert DT, Hixon JG. 1991. The trouble of thinking: Activation and application of stereotypic beliefs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 60: 509-517.
19. Gilbert DT, Jones EE, Pelham BW. 1987. Influence and inference: What the active perceiver overlooks. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 52: 861-870.
20. Gilbert DT, Pelham BW, Krull DS. 1988. On cognitive busyness: When person perceivers meet persons perceived. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 54: 733-740.
21. Goldman-Eisler F. 1968. Psycholinguistics: Experiments in Spontaneous Speech. Academic Press: London.
22. Greene JO, Lindsey AE, Haven JJ. 1990. Social goals and speech production: Effects of multiple goals on pausal phenomena. Journal of Language and Social Psychology 9: 119-134.
23. Holmes VM. 1988. Hesitations and sentence planning. Language and Cognitive Processes 3: 323-361.
24. Horton WS, Keysar B. 1996. When do speakers take into account common ground? Cognition 59: 91-117.
25. Isaacs EA, Clark HH. 1987. References in conversation between experts and novices. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 116: 26-37.
26. Kieras DE, Bovair S. 1984. The role of a mental model in learning to operate a device. Cognitive Science 8: 255-273.
27. Klein A, Ziesche S. 1996. Steps of adequacy in agents' communicative contributions. In Proceedings of the ECAI 96 Workshop Gaps and Bridges: New Directions in Planning and Natural Language Generation, Jokinen K, Maybury M, Zock M, Zukerman I (eds). 1123-1128.
28. Krauss RM, Fussell SR. 1991. Perspective-taking in communication: representation of others' knowledge in reference. Social Cognition 9: 2-24.
29. Krauss RM, Fussell SR. 1996. Social psychological models of interpersonal communication. In Social Psychology: Handbook of Basic Principles, Higgins ET, Kruglanski AW (eds). Guilford: New York; 655-701.
30. Levelt WJM. 1983. Monitoring and self-repair in speech. Cognition 14: 41-104.
31. Level WJM. 1989. Speaking: From Intention to Articulation. MIT Press: Cambridge, MA.
32. Levelt WJM. 1994. The skill of speaking. In International Perspectives on Psychological Science, Vol. 1: Leading Themes, Bertelson P, Eelen P (eds). Erlbaum Associates: Hove; 89-103.
33. Lord CG, Lepper MR, Preston E. 1984. Considering the opposite: a corrective strategy for social judgment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 47: 1231-1243.
34. Lounsbury FG. 1954. Transitional probability, linguistic structure and systems of habit-family hierarchies. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 49: Supplement, Osgood CE, Sebeok TA (eds). 93-101.
35. Maclay H, Osgood CE. 1959. Hesitation phenomena in spontaneous English speech. Word 15: 19-44.
36. Menna R, Cohen NJ. 1997. Social perspective taking. In Psychological Mindedness: A Contemporary Understanding, McCallum M, Piper WE (eds). Erlbaum: Mahwah, NJ; 189-210.
37. Newport E. 1976. Motherese: the speech of mothers to young children. In Cognitive Theory, Vol. 2, Castellan D, Pisoni D, Potts G (eds). Erlbaum: Hillsdale, NJ; 64-91.
38. Osborne RE, Gilbert DT. 1992. The preoccupational hazards of social life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 62: 219-228.
39. Posner MI, Snyder CR. 1975. Attention and cognitive control. In Information Processing and Cognition: The Loyola Symposium, Solso R (ed.). Erlbaum: Hillsdale, NJ; 55-85.
40. Power MJ. 1985. Sentence production and working memory. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 37A: 367-386.
41. Rochester SR, Thurston S, Rupp J. 1977. Hesitations as clues to failures in coherence: A study of the thought-disordered speaker. In Sentence Production: Developments in Research Theory, Rosenberg S (ed.). Erlbaum: Hillsdale, NJ; 65-87.
42. Richardson DR, Hammock GS, Smith SM, Gardner W. 1994. Empathy as a cognitive inhibitor of interpersonal aggression. Aggressive Behavior 20: 275-289.
43. Rock I, Wheeler D, Tudor L. 1989. Can we imagine how objects look from other viewpoints? Cognitive Psychology 21: 185-210.
44. Roßnagel C. 1995. Übung und Hörerorientierung beim monologischen Instruieren. [Practice effects and listener-adaptation in monological instructions. Sprache & Kognition 14: 16-27.
45. Schober MF. 1993. Spatial perspective-taking in conversation. Cognition 47: 1-24.
46. Schober MF. 1995. Speakers, addressees, and frames of reference: Whose effort is minimized in conversations about locations? Discourse Processes 20: 219-247.
47. Schober MF. 1998. Different kinds of conversational perspective-taking. In Social and Cognitive Approaches to Interpersonal Communication, Fussell SR, Kreuz RJ (eds). Erlbaum: Mahwah, NJ; 145-174.
48. Shiffrin RM, Schneider W. 1977. Controlled and automatic human information processing: II. Perceptual learning, automatic attending, and a general theory. Psychological Review 84: 127-190.
49. Speck A. 1995. Textproduktion im Dialog [Text production in dialogue]. Westdeutscher Verlag: Opladen.
50. Sternberg S, Monsell S, Knoll RL, Wright CE. 1978. The latency and duration of rapid movement sequences: Comparisons of speech and typewriting. In Information Processing in Motor Control and Learning, Stelmach GE (ed.). Academic Press: New York; 76-94.
51. Sternberg S, Wright CE, Knoll RL, Monsell S. 1980. Motor programs in rapid speech: Additional evidence. In The Perception and Production of Fluent Speech, Cole RA (ed.). Erlbaum: Hillsdale, NJ; 233-251.
52. Tetlock PE. 1992. The impact of accountability on judgment and choice: Toward a social contingency model. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 25: 331-375.
53. Underwood B, Moore B. 1982. Perspective-taking and altruism. Psychological Bulletin 91: 143-173.