The 'communicative' legacy in language testing

System

Volumn 28, Issue 4, 2000, Pages 483-497

  Fulcher, Glenn ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SURREY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Communicative language testing; Language testing

Indexed keywords

EID: 0034370086     PISSN: 0346251X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0346-251X(00)00033-6     Document Type: Article

References (80)

1. Adams, M.L., Frith, J.R., 1979. Testing Kit: French and Spanish. Department of State, Foreign Service Institute, Washington D.C.
2. Alderson, J.C., 1981. Reaction to the Morrow paper (3). In: Alderson, J.C., Hughes, A. (Eds.), Issues in Language Testing. The British Council, London, pp. 45-54.
3. Alderson, J.C., 1993. The relationship between grammar and reading in an English for academic purposes test battery. In: Douglas, D., Chapelle, C. (Eds.), A New Decade in Language Testing Research. TESOL Publications, Washington DC, pp. 203-219.
4. Alderson, J.C., Buck, G., 1993. Standards in testing: A study of the practice of UK examination boards in EFL/ESL testing. Language Testing 10 (1), 1-26.
5. ALTE, 1994. The ALTE Code of Practice. Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate, Cambridge.
6. APA (American Educational Research Association, American Psychological Association, National Council on Measurement in Education), 1999. Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing. AERA, Washington DC.
7. Bachman, L.F., 1976. Fundamental Considerations in Language Testing. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
8. Bachman, L.F., Davidson, F., 1990. The Cambridge-TOEFL comparability study: An example of the cross-national comparison of language tests. In: de Jong, H.A.L. (Ed.), Standardization in Language Testing. AILA Review, Amsterdam, pp. 24-45.
9. Bachman, L.F., Palmer, A.S., 1996. Language Testing in Practice. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
10. Barnwell, D.P., 1996. A History of Foreign Language Testing in the United States: From its Beginnings to the Present Day. Bilingual Press, Arizona.
11. Bernhardt, E., 1999. If reading is reader-based, can there be a computer adaptive test of reading? In: Chalhoub-Deville, M. (Ed.), Issues in Computer-adaptive Testing of Reading Proficiency. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 1-10.
12. Canale, M., Swain, M., 1980. Theoretical bases of communicative approaches to second language teaching and testing. Applied Linguistics 1 (1), 1-47.
13. Canale, M., Swain, M., 1981. A theoretical framework for communicative competence. In: Palmer, A.S., Groot, P.J.M., Trosper, G.A. (Eds.), The Construct Validation of Tests of Communicative Competence. TESOL Publications, Washington DC, pp. 31-35.
14. Carroll, J.B., 1961. Fundamental considerations in testing for English language proficiency of foreign students. In: Allen, H.B. (Ed.), Teaching English as a Second Language. McGraw Hill, New York, pp. 364-372.
15. Carroll, J.B., 1967. The foreign language attainments of language majors in the senior year: A survey conducted in U.S. Colleges and Universities. Foreign Language Annals 1 (2), 131-151.
16. Carroll, B.J., 1980. Testing Communicative Performance: An Interim Study. Pergamon, Exeter.
17. Carroll, B.J., 1981. Specifications for an English Language Testing Service. In: Alderson, J.C., Hughes, A. (Eds.), Issues in Language Testing. The British Council, London, pp. 68-110.
18. Carroll, B.J., 1982. Language testing: Is there another way? In: Heaton, J.B. (Ed.), Language Testing. Modern English Publications, London, pp. 1-10.
19. Carroll, B.J., Hall, P.J., 1985. Make Your Own Language Tests: A Practical Guide to Writing Language Performance Tests. Pergamon, Oxford.
20. Chapelle, C., 1998. Construct definition and validity inquiry in SLA research. In: Bachman, L.F., Cohen, A.D. (Eds.), Interfaces Between Second Language Acquisition and Language Testing Research. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 32-70.
21. Chapelle, C., 2000. From reading theory to testing practice. In: Chalhoub-Deville, M. (Ed.), Issues in Computer-adaptive Testing of Reading Proficiency. Studies in Language Testing, Vol. 10. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 150-166.
22. Clapham, C., 1996. The Development of IELTS. A Study of the Effect of Background Knowledge on Reading Comprehension. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
23. Davies, A., 1978. Language testing. In: Language teaching and linguistics abstracts. Vol. 11, 3 & 4, reprinted in Kinsella, V. (Ed.) (1982) Surveys 1: Eight State-of-the-art Articles on Key Areas in Language Teaching. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 127-159.
24. Douglas, D., 1998. Testing methods in context-based SL research. In: Bachman, L.F., Cohen, A.D. (Eds.), Interfaces Between Second Language Acquisition and Language Testing Research. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 141-155.
25. Douglas, D., 2000a. Assessing Languages for Specific Purposes. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
26. Douglas, D., 2000b. Testing for specific purposes. In: Fulcher, G., Thrasher, R. Video FAQs: Introducing Topics in Language Testing. Available at: http://www.surrey.ac.uk/ELI/ilta/faqs/main.html
27. Edgeworth, F.Y., 1890. The element of chance in competitive examinations. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society 49 (1), 644-663.
28. Fulcher, G., 1987. Tests of oral performance: The need for data-based criteria. English Language Teaching Journal 14 (4), 287-291.
29. Fulcher, G., 1993. The Construction and Validation of Rating Scales for Oral Tests in English as a Foreign Language. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Lancaster, UK.
30. Fulcher, G., 1995. Variable competence in second language acquisition: A problem for research methodology. System 23 (1), 25-33.
31. Fulcher, G., 1996. Does thick description lead to smart tests? A data-based approach to rating scale construction. Language Testing 13 (2), 208-238.
32. Fulcher, G., 1998a. The testing of speaking in a second language. In: Clapham, C., Corson, D. (Eds.), Language Testing and Assessment. Encyclopedia of Language and Education. Vol. 7. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 75-86.
33. Fulcher, G., 1998b. Widdowson's model of communicative competence and the testing of reading: An exploratory study. System 26, 281-302.
34. Fulcher, G., 1999. Assessment in English for academic purposes: Putting content validity in its place. Applied Linguistics 20 (2), 221-236.
35. Fulcher, G., 2000. Computers in language testing. In: Brett, P., Motteram, G. (Eds.), Computers in Language Teaching. IATEFL Publications, Manchester, pp. 97-111.
36. Hamp-Lyons, L., 1987. Cambridge first certificate in English. In: Alderson, J.C., Krahnke, K.J., Stansfield, C.W. (Eds.), Reviews of English Language Proficiency Tests. TESOL Publications, Washington DC, pp. 18-19.
37. Hargreaves, P., 1987. Royal Society of Arts: Examinations in the communicative use of English as a foreign language. In: Alderson, J.C., Krahnke, K.J., Stansfield, C.W. (Eds.), Reviews of English Language Proficiency Tests. TESOL Publications, Washington DC, pp. 32-34.
38. Harrison, A., 1983. Communicative testing: Jam tomorrow? In: Hughes, A., Porter, D. (Eds.), Current Developments in Language Testing. Academic Press, London, pp. 77-85.
39. Hayden, P.M., 1920. Experience with oral examinations in modern languages. Modern Language Journal 5, 87-92.
40. Jamieson, J., Jones, S., Kirsch, L, Mosthenthal, P., Taylor, C., 2000. TOEFL 2000 framework: A working paper. ETS: TOEFL Monograph Series 16, Princeton NJ.
41. Kaulfers, W., 1944. War-time developments in modern language achievement tests. Modern Language Journal 28, 136-150.
42. Lado, R., 1961. Language Testing: The Construction and Use of Foreign Language Tests. Longman, London.
43. Lewkowicz, J.A., 1997. Authenticity for whom? Does authenticity really matter? In: Huhta, A., Kohonen, V., Lurki-Suonio, L., Luoma, S. (Eds.), Current Developments and Alternatives in Language Assessment. Jyvaskyla University, Finland, pp. 165-184.
44. Lewkowicz, J.A., 1998. Integrated testing. In: Clapham, C., Corson, D. (Eds.), Language Testing and Assessment. Encyclopedia of Language and Education, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, Vol. 7, pp. 121-130.
45. Lewkowicz, J.A., 2000. Authenticity in language testing: Some outstanding questions. Language Testing 17 (1), 43-64.
46. Liskin-Gasparro, J.E., 1984. The ACTFL proficiency guidelines: Gateway to testing and curriculum. Foreign Language Annals 17 (5), 475-489.
47. Lowe, P., 1976. Handbook on Question Types and the Use in the LS Oral Proficiency Tests. CIA Language School, Washington DC.
48. Lowe, P., 1983. The ILR oral interview: Origins, applications, pitfalls, and implications. Die Unterrichspraxis 16, 230-244.
49. Lundeberg, O.K., 1929. Recent developments in audition-speech tests. Modern Language Journal 14, 193-202.
50. McNamara, T., 1996. Measuring Second Language Performance. Longman, London.
51. Mercier, L., 1933. Diverging trends in modern foreign language teaching and their possible reconciliation. French Review 6 (3), 370-386.
52. Messick, S., 1981. Evidence and ethics in the evaluation of tests. Educational Researcher 10 (9), 9-20.
53. Messick, S., 1984. Assessment in context: Appraising student performance in relation to instructional quality. Educational Researcher 13 (3), 3-8.
54. Messick, S., 1989a. Validity. In: Linn, R.L. (Ed.), Educational Measurement. Macmillan, New York, pp. 13-103.
55. Messick, S., 1989b. Meaning and values in test validation: The science and ethics of assessment. Educational Researcher 18 (2), 5-11.
56. Messick, S., 1994. The interplay of evidence and consequences in the validation of performance assessments. Educational Researcher 23 (2), 13-23.
57. Mislevy, R.J., 1995. Test theory and language learning assessment. Language Testing 12 (3), 341-369.
58. Morrow, K., 1977. Techniques of Evaluation for a National Syllabus. Royal Society of Arts, London.
59. Morrow, K., 1979. Communicative language testing: Revolution of evolution? In: Brumfit, C.K., Johnson, K. (Eds.), The Communicative Approach to Language Teaching. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 143-159.
60. Morrow, K., 1982. Testing spoken language. In: Heaton, J.B. (Ed.), Language Testing. Modern English Publications, London, pp. 56-58.
61. Morrow, K., 1991. Evaluating communicative tests. In: Anivan, S. (Ed.), Current Developments in Language Testing. RELC, Singapore, pp. 111-118.
62. Munby, J.L., 1978. Communicative Syllabus Design. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
63. North, B., 1996. The Development of a Common Framework Scale of Descriptors of Language Proficiency Based on a Theory of Measurement. Unpublished PhD thesis, Thames Valley University.
64. North, B., Schneider, G., 1998. Scaling descriptors for language proficiency scales. Language Testing 15 (2), 217-262.
65. Oller, J., 1979. Language Tests at School. London, Longman.
66. Perren, G.E., 1968. Testing spoken language: Some unsolved problems. In: Davies, A. (Ed.), Language Testing Symposium: A Psycholinguistic Approach. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 107-116.
67. Sinclair, J. McH, 1987. Collocation: A progress report. In: Steele, R., Treadgold, T. (Eds.), Essays in Honour of Michael Halliday. John Benjamins, Amsterdam, pp. 319-331.
68. Skehan, P., 1987. Variability and language testing. In: Ellis, R. (Ed.), Second Language Acquisition in Context. Prentice Hall, Hemel Hempstead, pp. 195-206.
69. Sollenberger, H.E., 1978. Development and current use of the FSI oral interview test. In: Clark, J.L.D. (Ed.), Direct Testing of Speaking Proficiency: Theory and Application. Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ, pp. 1-12.
70. Spolsky, B., 1976. Language testing: Art of science? Paper Read at the 4th International Congress of Applied Linguistics. Stuttgart, Germany.
71. Spolsky, B., 1995. Measured Words. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
72. Tarone, E., 1998. Research on interlanguage variation: Implications for language testing. In: Bachman, L.F., Cohen, A.D. (Eds.), Interfaces Between Second Language Acquisition and Language Testing Research. University of Cambridge Press, Cambridge, pp. 71-89.
73. Turner, J., 1998. Assessing speaking. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 192-207.
74. Underhill, N., 1982. The great reliability validity trade-off: Problems in assessing the productive skills. In: Heaton, J.B. (Ed.), Language Testing. Modern English Publications, London, pp. 17-23.
75. Underhill, N., 1987. Testing Spoken Language. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
76. Upshur, J.A., Turner, C.E., 1995. Constructing rating scales for second language tests. English Language Teaching Journal 49, 3-12.
77. Widdowson, H.G., 1983. Learning Purpose and Language Use. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
78. Wilkins, D.A., 1976. Notional Syllabuses. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
79. Wood, B.D., 1927. New York Experiments with New-Type Modern Language Tests. Macmillan, New York.
80. Wood, R., 1990. Assessment and Testing: A Survey of Research. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.