Effects of Dietary L-Carnitine and Protein Level on Plasma Carnitine, Energy and Carnitine Balance, and Carnitine Biosynthesis of 20 kg Pigs

Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences

Volumn 13, Issue 11, 2000, Pages 1568-1575

  Heo, K N ^a   Odle, J ^a   Han, In K ^a,b  

^a NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Seoul National University   (South Korea)

Author keywords

Carnitine Balance; Carnitine Biosynthesis; Energy Balance; Pigs; Plasma Carnitine

Indexed keywords

EID: 0034367797     PISSN: 10112367     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2000.1568     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. AOAC. 1990. Official Methods of Analysis (15th Ed.). Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA.
2. Baker, H., O. Frank, B. DeAngelis and E. R. Baker. 1993. Absorption and excretion of L-carnitine during single or multiple dosings in humans. Int. J. Vit. Nutr. Res. 63:22-26.
3. Borum, P. R. 1983. Carnitine. Ann. Rev. Nutr. 3:233-259.
4. Brass, E. P. and C. L. Hoppel. 1980. Relationship between acid-soluble carnitine and coenzyrne A pools in vivo. Biochem. J. 190:495-504.
5. Chung, T. K. and D. H. Baker. 1992. Ideal amino acid pattern for ten kilogram pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 70:3102-3111.
6. Coffey, M. T., R. B. Shireman, D. L. Herman and E. E. Jones. 1991. Carnitine status and lipid utilization in neonatal piglets fed diets low in carnitine. J. Nutr. 121:1047-1053.
7. Gross, C. J. and L. M. Henderson. 1984. Absorption of D- and L-carnitine by the intestine and kidney tubule in the rat. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 772:209-219.
8. Heo, K. N. 2000. Nutritional and metabolic assessment of L-carnitine in young pigs. Ph. D dissertation, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.
9. Heo, K. N., J. Odle, I. K. Han, W. T. Cho, S. W. Seo, E. van Heugten and D. H. Pilkington. 2000a. Dietary L-carnitine improves nitrogen utilization in growing pigs fed low energy, fat-containing diets. J. Nutr. 130:1809-1814.
10. Heo, K. N., X. Lin, J. Odle and I. K. Han. 2000b. Kinetics of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I are altered by dietary variables and suggest a metabolic need for supplemental carnitine in young pigs. J. Nutr. (in press).
11. Hoffman, L. A., D. J. Ivers, M. R. Ellersieck and T. L. Veum. 1993. The effect of L-carnitine and soybean oil on performance and nitrogen and energy utilization by neonatal and young pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 71:132-138.
12. Kempen, T. A. T. G. van. and J. Odle. 1993. Medium-chain fatty acid oxidation in colostrum-deprived newborn piglets: stimulatory effect of L-carnitine supplementation. J. Nutr. 123:1531-1537.
13. Kempen, T. A. T. G. van. and J. Odle. 1995. Carnitine affects octanoate oxidation to carbon dioxide and dicarboxylic acids in colostrum-deprived piglets: In vivo analysis of mechanisms involved based on CoA- and carnitine-ester profiles. J. Nutr. 125:238-250.
14. Mitchell, M. E. 1978. Carnitine metabolism in human subjects III. Metabolism in disease. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 31:645-659.
15. NRC. 1988. Nutrient Requirements of Swine (9th Ed.) National Academic Press, Washington, DC.
16. Owen, K. Q., J. L. Nelssen, R. D. Goodband, T. L. Weeden and S. A. Blum. 1996. Effect of L-carnitine and soybean oil on growth performance and body composition of early-weaned pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 74:1612-1619.
17. Penn, D., P. J. Bobrowski, L. Zhang and E. Schmidt-Sommerfeld. 1997. Neonatal nutritional carnitine deficiency: A piglet model. Pediatr. Res. 42:114-121.
18. Ramsey, J. J., D. E. Johnson and K. A. Johnson. 1998. Energy expenditure and mitochondrial proton leak in lean and obese strains of rats. In: Energy metabolism of farm animals. CAB International Inc. UK. p. 27.
19. Rebouche, C. J. and H. Seim. 1998. Carnitine metabolism and its regulation in microorganisms and mammals. Ann. Rev. Nutr. 18:39-61.
20. Rebouche, C. J., K. A. Lombard and C. A. Chenard. 1993. Renal adaptation to dietary carnitine in humans. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 58:660-665.
21. Rebouche, C. J. and C. A. Chenard. 1991. Metabolic fate of dietary carnitine in human adults: identification and quantification of urinary and fecal metabolites. J. Nutr. 121:539-546.
22. Rebouche, C. J., D. L. Mack and P. F. Edmonson. 1984. L-Carnitine dissimilation in the gastrointestinal tract of the rat. Biochemistry 23:6422-6426.
23. SAS. 1989. SAS/STAT User's Guide (Version 6 Ed.), SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC.
24. Steel, R. G. D., J. H. Torrie and D. A. Dickey. 1997. Principles and procedures of statistics: A biometrical approach. McGraw-Hill Inc., New York. NY.
25. Thwaites, D. T., G. T. A. McEwan, C. D. A. Brown, B. H. Hirst and N. L. Simmons. 1994. L-Alanine absorption in human intestinal Caco-2 cells driven by the proton electrochemical gradient. J. membrane Biol. 140:143-151.
26. Thwaites, D. T., G. T. A. McEwan, C. D. A. Brown, B. H. Hirst and N. L. Simmons. 1993. Na+-independent, H+-coupled transepithelial beta-alanine absorption by human intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers. J. Biol. Chem. 268:18438-18441.
27. Whittemore, C. T. 1983. Development of recommended energy and protein allowances for young pigs. Agric. Sys. 11:159-186.