Small area variation in hospital admission rates: Bayesian adjustment for primary care and hospital factors

Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series C: Applied Statistics

Volumn 49, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 207-226

  Congdon, Peter ^a   Best, Nicky ^b,c  

^a QUEEN MARY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b IMPERIAL COLLEGE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

^c ST MARY S HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Bayesian hierarchical models; Gravity models; Health need; Hospital effects; Primary care; Small area methods

Indexed keywords

EID: 0034366371     PISSN: 00359254     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/1467-9876.00188     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Bailey, T. and Gattrell, A. (1995) Interactive Spatial Data Analysis. London: Longman.
2. Bernardinelli, L., Clayton, D. and Montomoli, C. (1995) Bayesian estimates of disease maps: how important are priors? Statist. Med., 14, 2411-2431.
3. Besag, J. and Kooperberg, C. L. (1995) On conditional and intrinsic autoregressions. Biometrika, 82, 733-746.
4. Besag, J., York, J. C. and Mollié, A. (1991) Bayesian image reconstruction, with two applications in spatial statistics (with discussion). Ann. Inst. Statist. Math., 43, 1-109.
5. Best, N. G., Arnold, R. A., Thomas, A., Waller, L. A. and Conlon, E. M. (1999) Bayesian models for spatially correlated disease and exposure data. In Bayesian Statistics 6 (eds J. M. Bernardo, J. O. Berger, A. P. Dawid and A. F. M. Smith), pp. 107-132. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
6. Brooks, S. P. (1998) Markov chain Monte Carlo method and its application. Statistician, 47, 69-100.
7. Campbell, D., Radford, J. and Burton, P. (1991) Unemployment rates: an alternative to the Jarman index? Br. Med. J., 303, 750-755.
8. Carlin, B. P. and Louis, T. A. (1996) Bayes and Empirical Bayes Methods for Data Analysis. London: Chapman and Hall.
9. Carr-Hill, R., Hardman, G., Martin, S., Peacock, S., Sheldon, T. and Smith, P. (1994) A formula for distributing NHS revenues based on small area use of hospital beds. Centre for Health Economics, University of York, York.
10. Chatuverdi, N. and Ben-Shlomo, Y. (1995) From the surgery to the surgeon: does deprivation influence consultation and operation rates? Br. J. Gen. Practice, 45, 127-131.
11. Congdon, P. (1996) General linear gravity models for the effect of casualty unit closures. Urb. Stud., 33, 1707-1728.
12. Crayford, T., Shanks, J., Bajekal, M. and Langford, S. (1995) Analysis from Inner London of deprivation payments based on enumeration districts rather than wards. Br. Med. J., 311, 787-788.
13. Fleming, D., Crombie, D. and Cross, K. (1991) An examination of practice referral rates in relation to practice structure, patient demography and case mix. Hlth Trends, 23, 100-104.
14. Fotheringham, A. (1984) Spatial flows and spatial patterns. Environ. Planng A, 16, 519-543.
15. Gelfand A. E. and Ghosh, S. K. (1998) Model choice: a minimum posterior predictive loss approach. Biometrika, 85, 1-11.
16. Gelman, A. and Rubin, D. B. (1992) Inference from iterative simulation using multiple sequences (with discussion). Statist. Sci., 7, 457-511.
17. Gilks, W. R., Richardson, S. and Spiegelhalter, D. J. (1996) Markov Chain Monte Carlo in Practice. London: Chapman and Hall.
18. Goldstein, H. (1994) Multilevel cross-classified models. Social. Meth. Res., 22, 364-375.
19. Goldstein, H. and Spiegelhalter, D. J. (1996) League tables and their limitations: statistical issues in comparisons of institutional performance (with discussion). J. R. Statist. Soc. A, 159, 385-443.
20. Green, J. and Dale, J. (1992) Primary care in Accident and Emergency and general practice: a comparison. Socl Sci. Med., 8, 987-995.
21. Griffiths, C., Sturdy, P., Naish, J., Omar, R., Dolan, S. and Feder, G. (1997) Hospital admissions for asthma in east London: association with characteristics of local general practices, prescribing and population. Br. Med. J., 314, 482-486.
22. Hull, S. Jones, I. and Moser, K. (1997) Factors influencing the attendance rate at accident and emergency departments in East London: the contribution of practice organisation, population characteristics and distance. J. Hlth Serv. Res. Poly, 2, 6-13.
23. Jarman, B. (1983) Identification of underprivileged areas. Br. Med. J., 286, 1705-1709.
24. Kirkup, B. and Forster, D. (1990) How will health needs be measured in districts?: implications of variations in hospital use. J. Publ. Hlth Med., 12, 45-50.
25. Laud, P. W. and Ibrahim, J. G. (1995) Predictive model selection. J. R. Statist. Soc. B, 57, 247-262.
26. Majeed, F. A. and Voss, S. (1995) Performance indicators for General Practice. Br. Med. J., 311, 209-210.
27. Moore, A. and Roland, M. (1989) How much variation in referral rates among general practitioners is due to chance? Br. Med. J., 298, 500-502.
28. Morris, R. and Carstairs, V. (1991) Which deprivation?: a comparison of selected deprivation indexes. J. Publ. Hlth Med., 13, 318-326.
29. Payne J., Coy, J., Milner, P. and Patterson, S. (1993) Are deprivation indicators a proxy tor morbidity?: a comparison of the prevalence of arthritis, depression, dyspepsia, obesity and respiratory symptoms with unemployment rates and the Jarman score. J. Publ. Hlth Med., 15, 161-170.
30. Phillimore, P. and Reading, R. (1992) A rural advantage?: urban-rural health differences in Northern England. J. Publ. Hlth Med., 14, 290-299.
31. Richardson, S., Monfort, C., Green, M., Draper, G. and Muirhead, C. (1995) Spatial variation of natural radiation and childhood leukaemia incidence in Great Britain. Statist. Med., 14, 2487-2501.
32. Sanders, D., Coulter, A. and McPherson, K. (1989) Variations in hospital admission rates: a review of the literature. Project Paper 79. King Edward's Hospital Fund, London.
33. Smith, T. (1995) Differences between general practices in hospital admission rates for self inflicted injury and self poisoning - influence of socio-economic factors. Br. J. Gen. Practice, 45, 458-462.
34. Spiegelhalter, D. J., Thomas, A., Best, N. G. and Gilks, W. R. (1996) BUGS: Bayesian Inference using Gibbs Sampling, Manual Version 0.50. Cambridge: Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit.
35. Strachan, D. and Ross Anderson, H. (1992) Trends in hospital admission for asthma in children. Br. Med. J., 304, 819-820.
36. Wilkin, D. and Smith, A. (1987) Explaining variation in general practitioner referrals to hospital. Fam. Practice, 4, 160-169.